The article examines the conditions for the development of horticulture in Russia, in the VolgaDon interfluve. The results of the research showed that the development of super-intensive gardens on dwarf rootstocks using a drip irrigation system and natural stimulants is becoming pro mising. State support and private investment contribute to the development of apple horticulture and import substitution.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is related to the substantiation of the intensification of horticulture at the federal and regional levels in ensuring Food Security of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study was to develop scientific approaches to the development of intensive gardens in the Volga-Don interfluve area.

Materials and methods. The evidence base of the study included scientific materials indexed in the citation and analytical databases RSCI, RSCI, Web of Science and SCOPUS; the results of many years of research conducted by VNIIOZ – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FNTs VNIIGiM named after. A.N. Kostyakov" (Volgograd), field expeditions in 2022-2023. To determine the optimal conditions for watering and caring for garden trees, the author's methods were used.

Object. Fruit plantations in the Volga-Don interfluve zone and intensive apple orchards managed by the Don branch of the National Food Group "Gardens of the Don region" LLC (Volgograd region).

Results. It is shown that the Volga-Don interfluve is a very promising area for the intensification of industrial horticulture and the formation of a new type of agricultural landscape. Acceptable technologies for planting intensive gardens are line-compacted and trellis-dwarf with a planting density of more than 2000 trees per 1 hectare. The highest productivity of intensive apple orchards (more than 50.0 t/ha) is ensured by maintaining pre-irrigation soil moisture at the level of 85 – 90% HB, spending up to 12 l/h under pressure within 0.1-0.6 MPa using drip irrigation. The costs of planting gardens are economically justified: intensive type – 400-600 thousand rubles, super intensive – 800-1000 thousand rubles.

Conclusions. The Volga-Don interfluve is a very promising area for the development of a new type of agricultural landscape associated with the intensification of industrial gardening. The development of industrial gardens requires: the presence of your own planting base (nursery), the formation of gardens adaptive to natural and climatic conditions on the principles of intensive care and regular monitoring, the use of digital technologies with the development of automated watering and tree care systems. Based on the experience gained in the company LLC NPG "Gardens of Pridonya", the main factors for the intensification of horticulture in the Volga-Don interfluve, optimal conditions for the care and watering of apple orchards (drip irrigation using natural stimulants) were identified. The intensification of industrial horticulture, with a planned output per unit area, requires a multi-factor approach and further development of a public-private partnership mechanism.

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the adaptive potential of spring wheat varieties by weight of 1000 grains and yield for the dry steppe conditions of the Lower Volga region.

Introduction. The basis of crop production is the variety, which largely determines the regional cultivation technology and the quality of cultivated products

Object. The subject of the research was spring wheat varieties.

Materials and methods. A total of 28 varieties were studied in the demonstration nursery: Red-grey – Favorit (St), Ershovskaya 36, Furor, Saratovskaya 68, Ulyanovskaya 100, Voyevoda, Simbircit, Mashenka, South-East 2, Arhat, Eskada 97, Eskada 66, Trizo, Prohorovka, Eskada 70, Margarita, Tambovchanka and whites – Tulaikovskaya golden (St), Albidum 32, Sara tovskaya 73, Saratovskaya 42, Albidum 188, Albidum 29, Saratovskaya 70, Zinaida, South-East 4, Kamyshinskaya 3, Lebedushka.

Results and conclusions. The white-grey varieties had a higher 1000-grain weight than the red-grey varieties. The highest score was recorded for the white-green variety Saratovskaya 73 at 34.9 g. Among the reddish varieties, Simbirchite and Ershovskaya 36 were the best, with 33.6 and 33.7 g, respectively. The best reddish varieties in terms of adaptability, which exceeded one, were Simbirtsit with an adaptability coefficient of 1.06; Voyevoda, 1.07; Ulyanovskaya 100, 1.12; Saratovskaya 68 and Favorit (St) – 1.15; Furor – 1.25; Ershovskaya 36 – 1.30; of the whitegrey varieties Saratovskaya 70 and Albidum 26 – 1.02; Albidum 188 – 1.04; Saratovskaya 42 – 1.07; Saratovskaya 73 – 1.10 and Albidum 32 – 1.12. In terms of adaptability, the red-black varieties outperformed the white-black varieties. The highest yield was that of the red-eye variety Ershovskaya 36 at 1.90 t/ha. The reddish variety Furor also exceeded the standard by 9.0%. Of the white-grey varieties, Albidum 32 had the highest yield of 1.64 t/ha. Also significantly higher than the standard were the white-grey varieties Saratovskaya 42 and Saratovskaya 73 by 33.9 and 34.8% respectively, Albidum 29 and Albidum 188 by 28.8 %, Saratovskaya 70 by 27.1% and Zinaida by 19.5%.

The article presents a description of the developed software modules that make it possible to implement combinations of climatic parameters within a closed ecosystem, to carry out operational monitoring and assessment of the state of nutrient media and individual plant parts for the presence of deviations during digital phenotyping. An intelligent technology for monitoring the state of agrophytocenoses is proposed, taking into account the phases of the growing season in conditions of virus-free seed production with the ability to study plant growth and development using a neural network.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problems of design and computer implementation of an ensemble of software modules, the basic functionality of which is automated monitoring of the growth dynamics of agrobiocenoses under conditions of their controlled cultivation with the possibility of further research of development by vegetation phases using a deep learning neural network with convolutional layers. The main stages of the development of digital device circuits, algorithms for their operation and computer implementation of combinations of climatic parameters within closed ecosystems, operational monitoring of the state of nutrient media and individual plant parts for deviations during digital phenotyping are considered.

Object. The object of the study is the growth and development of agro-bioceons under controlled cultivation conditions.

Materials and methods. Design and computer implementation were carried out in a simulation environment with the selection of basic components of an intelligent control system with subsequent integration with microcontroller components. Computer implementation of program modules was carried out in an integrated application development environment in the C++ programming language.

Results and conclusions. An automated system for implementing combinations of climatic parameters within closed ecosystems, operational monitoring of the state of nutrient media and individual plant parts for deviations in digital phenotyping were modeled, and its performance was tested in a simulation environment that proved its effectiveness. A set of special software is presented for implementing the algorithms for the operation of the proposed intelligent algorithms. A concept is proposed for managing and monitoring the state of agrophytocenoses in conditions of virus-free seed production with the ability to study plant growth and development using a neural network with convolutional layers. The diagram includes a three-level automation system: at the lower level, sensors and relays of actuators; application of computer vision algorithms for operational monitoring of the state of the growing medium, growth and development of plants, displaying images on the screen of a computerized supervisory control and data acquisition system (CSDUiSD), exporting images to cloud data storage services for multi-class classification according to pre-prepared data deep learning neural network classes with convolutional layers (CNN); connection between computer vision components, microcontrollers for operational monitoring and notification when deviations are detected (the presence of contamination of the nutrient medium / explants, diseases) when growing agrobiocenoses in virus-free seed production.

This article discusses the effect of pre-sowing inoculation of soybean seeds on light chestnut soil under various irrigation regimes. The results obtained prove the advantage of seed inoculation in the irrigation regimes under consideration, which are fully correlated with the productivity and quality of this leguminous crop.

Introduction. The role of pre-sowing inoculation of seeds of such a leguminous crop as soybean undoubtedly generally leads to an increase in the biological activity of light chestnut soil. It is together with the seeds of this culture that the enrichment of nodule nitrogen-fixing bacteria occurs, which, in symbiosis with the leguminous plant, leads to the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen and its conversion into forms accessible to the plant. Therefore, the purpose of determining the intensity of biological processes in the soil is judged by the rate of decomposition of linen fabrics in the studied options.

Materials and methods. Field experiments were laid in 2021-2022 on light chestnut soil of the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture. On two water regimes, the effectiveness of pre-sowing seed inoculation with a set of bacterial nitrogen-fixing drugs was tested in comparison with sowing untreated seeds.

Results. The results of our study convincingly prove that seed inoculation significantly affects the biological activity of the soil complex. At the same time, the best water regime of the soil should be recognized as constant maintaining the pre-irrigation moisture threshold of at least 80% HB, in which, together with the inoculation of soybean seeds, the highest indicators are achieved. The results of the biological activity of the soil are fully correlated with the indicators of productivity and quality of the obtained grain. On average, over two years, a constant water regime should be recognized with seed inoculation, which contributes to the production of 2.72 t / ha with the best indicators of grain quality, where the content of total nitrogen was 5.83%, crude fat – 21.83% and fiber obtained at the level of 11.22%.

Introduction. The presented article is devoted to the problem of increasing the yield and quality of spring barley in the zone of chestnut soils. Along with this, the problem of preserving soil fertility was solved by using instead of granular mineral nutrition, processing seed material with biological preparations, as well as their work on the vegetation of barley. It was possible to establish that the applied agricultural approach had a positive effect on the agrochemical indicators of the soil and, as a result, this trend was reflected in the growth of yields.

Object. The object of the survey was two varieties of spring barley recommended for cultivation in the Lower Volga region: Kamyshinsky 23 (control) and Novonikolaevsky.

Materials and methods. In order to increase the yield and quality of spring barley grain, the seed material was processed with Crescin and Biohumus biologics. The above-mentioned preparations were used for vegetation treatment (Crezacin), and were also introduced in an amount of 2.0 tons per hectare (Biohumus) for autumn tillage.

Results and conclusions. The results of the three-year experiment showed that the processing of seed material, the work on vegetation and the introduction of biological preparations for the main treatment had a positive effect on the dynamics of the nutrient content in the chestnut zone. The content of nitrate nitrogen from seed treatment with biological preparations increased by 1.9...2.0 mg/100 g of soil (Crezacin). By the end of the growing season, this difference reached 2.7...3.9 mg/100 g of soil. A similar dependence was maintained on the content of mobile phosphorus, if at the beginning of the tillering phase the difference from the control variant was 8.9 mg/100 g of soil, then by the end of the growing season this difference was 4.9 mg/100 g of soil. That is, in the initial periods of the growing season, barley needed more mobile phosphorus, so necessary for successful rooting, and in the future its consumption was moderate. As a result, the yield of spring barley in the Kamyshinsky 23 variety ranged from 1.79 t/ha (control) to 2.47 t/ha (Vermicompost). And in the Novonikolaevsky variety, these values, respectively, were equal to 1.89 and 2.54 t/ha.

Introduction. The presented article reflects the problem of increasing the yield of spring barley in an acutely arid zone, as well as issues of the quality of produced products suitable for processing for cereal purposes. Ways are being considered to significantly solve the problem of increasing productivity. Therefore, along with the use of the calculated amount of mineral nutrition, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biological products is proposed, as well as their combined use with mineral nutrition. Joint treatment of seeds with biological preparations and the calculated addition of mineral nutrition determine more optimal conditions for the development of soil biota. This ultimately has a positive effect on the yield of spring barley.

Object. The object of the experiment was the spring barley varieties: Kamyshinsky 23 (control) and Novonikolaevsky, which are included in the register for the Lower Volga region.

Materials and methods. The experience was laid during 2021...2023 on the land use of the peasant farm "Churbakov A.V." in the Bykovsky district of the Volgograd region. To obtain a given level of yield of spring barley, we calculated the rates of mineral nutrition for formation: 1.0 t/ha; 2.0 and 4.0 t/ha. The estimated number of fertilizers was applied fractionally: all phosphorus fertilizers were applied for the main treatment. Nitrogen: 50% in autumn and 50% in spring for pre-sowing cultivation.

Results and conclusions. The experiment showed that seed treatment before sowing led to an increase in barley yield of about 20%. The biological product Biohumus proved to be the best. The average increase in yield over three years from the option without seed treatment ranged from 0.68 t/ha for the Kamyshinsky 23 variety to 0.65 t/ha for the Novonikolaevsky variety. The greatest effect was observed in the variant of combined use of mineral nutrition and seed treatment with a biological preparation (Biohumus +N50P22), the yield varied between varieties from 3.32 t/ha for the Kamyshinsky 23 variety to 3.61 t/ha for the Novonikolaevsky variety.

Introduction. The increasing need for protein and oil of plant origin as the most important products for humans and components of the feed rations of animals and poultry, as well as a component of the pharmaceutical and other industries, determines the relevance of research aimed at optimizing soybean cultivation technology, which contributes to obtaining a guaranteed yield of grain beans with economical consumption of resources.

Purpose of research. The purpose of these studies is to develop optimal irrigation regimes and methods of soil cultivation for soybeans, which will ensure high and sustainable yields with the rational use of material, water, and energy resources.

Object. The object of the study was the early soybean variety VNIIOZ – 86.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the experimental site of the NODP “Innovation Village” of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Volgograd State Agrarian University. In accordance with the stated goal and objectives of the study, a field experiment scheme was developed. Factor A is the method of
basic tillage, includes 3 options: A1 – moldboard processing to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m (control), A2 – non-mouldboard processing to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m, A3 – processing with disks to a depth of 0.10-0.12 m. Factor B – irrigation mode based on the pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture in a layer of 0-0.6 m includes 3 options: B1 – 60% NV, B2 – 70% NV, B3 – 80% NV. Moldboard cultivation was carried out with a plow PN – 4 – 35, non-moldboard – OMPO-5.6; disk – BDT – 3. The plots were arranged in repetitions using a systematic method with three repetitions in time and space. The area of the experimental plots is 400 m2 (factor A) and 400 m2 (factor B), and 220 m² for harvest recording. The object of the study was the early variety VNIIOZ – 86. The previous crop was spring barley, for which deep moldboard plowing of 0.25 – 0.27 was used as the main soil treatment. Following the harvesting of barley, disc peeling was carried out at a depth of 0.8 – 0.10 m, after which vegetation irrigation was carried out at a rate of 400 m3/ha for better germination of weeds for the purpose of their further destruction.

Results and conclusions. The total water consumption of soybeans increased with an increase in the level of pre-irrigation moisture and varied depending on the main soil cultivation from 4277 – 4543 m³/ha in the irrigation mode of 60 % NV, 4487 – 4672 m³/ha in the irrigation mode of 70 % NV and 4726 – 4858 m³/ha at irrigation mode 80 % NV. The best option for saving irrigation water is option A2 B2, the value of which in comparison with the control was 170 m³/ha. The minimum amount of water for evaporation by soybean plants was used during the sowing – germination period (248 – 263 m³/ha) and in the bean ripening phase (201 – 245 m³/ha). The maximum is during the period “branching – beginning of flowering” and “flowering – beginning of bean formation” – “formation – beginning of bean filling” and amounts to more than 60 % of the total water consumption during the growing season. The most efficient use of water resources is in option A2 B2, where 1574 m³ was used to form 1 ton of soybean grain. Depending on the water regime, the difference was 842 m³/t, and on the method of main soil cultivation – 226 m³/t.

Introduction. Under the conditions of sanctions and import substitution, the main task facing the staff of scientific institutions is to develop new competitive varieties and hybrids of agricultural plants. In this regard, as part of the participation in the implementation of a comprehensive scientific and technical project (2018-2025), together with the industrial partner of LLC "Zolsky Potato", employees of the Gorsky State Agrarian University and the Institute of Agriculture – branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences are conducting research on potato breeding and seed production in the conditions of vertical zonality of the Central Caucasus.

The research materials are varieties and hybrids of potatoes of domestic and foreign selection. All records and observations were carried out according to the methods of VNIIKH, VIR and VISR.

The purpose of these studies is to derive a highly productive potato genotype with a complex of economically valuable traits, high plasticity and resistance to pathogenic organisms. The passage of all stages of the selection process is a condition and guarantee of a high probability of obtaining the predicted result.

Results and conclusions. In the course of scientific work, it was revealed that the indicator of the number of ovaries formed is not in correlation with the indicator of the number of seeds formed in one berry, and the overall effectiveness of hybridization is a feature of the combination of parent pairs and depends on natural and climatic conditions. In the nursery of the competitive test of the 2nd year in 2021, hybrids 13.61/104, 13.61/102 and 13.61/101 were identified (Table 4), exceeding the standard (Zhukovsky early) and, which showed yields in the range of 37.1-41.4 t/ha, marketability – 94.8–96.6%, weight of commercial tuber – 84.4-95.0 g. Hybrids of this nursery are highly resistant to major diseases. Average yield of hybrids of the 3rd year competitive test 12.58/212, 10.11/1044, 10.11/716 it was noted at the level of 40.9, 46.2, 42.8 t/ha, respectively. These indicators significantly exceed the results of the standard grade (in the range of 40.5 – 58.4%).

The article presents data from a study of the influence of climatic parameters on potato yields in irrigated conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for optimal selection of the assortment of potatoes for each specific region; this is one of the main factors determining the increase in yield and quality of both food and seed potatoes. To achieve this, it is necessary to use varieties in production that combine high adaptability to abiotic environmental factors with resistance to pathogenic organisms. The article presents data from a study of the influence of climatic parameters on potato yields in the irrigated conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

Object. We analyzed the relationship between potato yields of 10 different varieties and air temperature during the growing season.

Materials and methods. Field experiments were carried out on 10 potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) – Tarasov, Kuzovok, Red Scarlett, Gala, Udacha, Braslet, Rozara, Agat, Nevsky (standard), Spiridon (standard), in a randomized design with divided plots with four repetitions. Results and conclusions.

Results and conclusions. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in most cases, the relationship between potato productivity and air temperature (r2) during the growing season has a negative relationship, with the exception of the varieties “Udacha”, “Gala”, “Agat”. The relationship (r2) of potato varieties “Udacha”, “Gala”, “Agat” with air temperature during the growing season has a strong, reliable positive correlation. According to the data obtained, these varieties are considered to be the most drought-resistant, that is, when exposed to positive air temperatures, these potato varieties have good yields.

The article presents studies of spatiotemporal transformations of cluster bioresource collections of the “VNIALMI” arboretum park. Raster and vector multi-temporal maps of the spatial distribution of tree and shrub plantings of the arboretum have been developed. The localization of territories most frequently exposed to fires for the period from 2004 to 2023 has been identified. A cartographic basis for the geodatabase of the bioresource collection of the arboretum of the Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been formed for the purpose of further restoration and management.
Introduction. Dendrology collections, including arboretums and arboretums, are significant elements of the natural and ecological framework of urbanized territories, performing the most important functional tasks: sanitary, hygienic, recreational, aesthetic, etc. Being involved in the process of providing ecosystem services as a natural resource, arboretum collections experience significant anthropogenic and techno genic impacts, which leads to inevitable qualitative and quantitative changes. The relevance of assessing the spatial and temporal transformations of tree and shrub plantations on the territory cluster arboretum park of the «VNIALMI» is due to the need to understand the current situation in order to plan measures to restore the resource potential and maintain the further sustainable development of the collection.
Object. The objects of study are arboretum collections on the territory of the Volgograd cluster arboretum park «VNIALMI», located in the southern part of the Sovetsky district of the city of Volgograd, with an area of 27.7 hectares (cadastral number 34:34:060061:10).
Materials and methods. The method of cartographic and aerospace monitoring was used in the work. A retrospective analysis of the spatial transformations of the arboretum collection was carried out using ultra-high resolution satellite images obtained from the Google Earth Pro service. Georeferencing of satellite images, their subsequent interpretation and calculations of quantitative indicators were carried out in the Quantum GIS 3.18 geoinformation system. For mapping tree and shrub plantations, the method of photo-evaluation was used.
Results and conclusions. As a result of the research, spatial and temporal transformations were revealed and the current spatial distribution of the bioresource collection on the territory of the arboretum was determined. In accordance with the phenological phases of plant communities and the climatic features of the study region, the optimal period was determined, from July to September, for obtaining initial satellite images for deciphering tree and shrub plantations. In the process of mapping, geocoding and photo standardization of data on the arboretum collection, raster and vector multitemporal maps of the spatial distribution of tree and shrub plantations of the arboretum were developed. Quantitative indicators of the spatial transformation of the collection are determined. A decrease in the area of the territory occupied by tree and shrub plantations was established from 15.08 to 6.83 hectares for the period from 2004 to 2023. The lowest area indicator was revealed - 4.75 hectares (17% of the total area of the arboretum) – in 2015. The localization of the areas that were most often exposed to fires during the studied period was determined. The localization of the areas that were most often exposed to fires during the studied period was determined. The cartographic basis of the geodatabase of the bioresource collection of the cluster arboretum park «VNIALMI» (FSC Agroecology RAS) for further restoration and management has been formed.

Introduction. According to the results of statistical data in the Volgograd region, the area under potatoes has increased by 877.05 hectares since 2022 and amounted to 3906.95 hectares in 2023. The current trend allows us to judge potatoes as the most popular, often found in the diet product. However, do not forget about the risks that arise as a result of excessive consumption of this product. Agroecological testing of table varieties for healthy nutrition and their assessment of adaptive capacity will allow expanding the potato assortment with a set of biochemical indicators for the interested part of the population, and the results obtained will contribute to a larger-scale production of this product in the conditions of the Volgograd region.

The purpose of the research. Agroecological testing of potato varieties and hybrids with pigmented pulp in the conditions of the Lower Volga region.

Object. Five varieties and two hybrids of potatoes with a high content of anthocyanins.

Materials and methods. The experiments were laid on an experimental irrigated area of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. The zoned Nevsky variety was the control. The planting rate is 40 thousand pieces per hectare. Zonal cultivation technology and an optimized water consumption system were used with the maintenance of the soil water regime of at least 80% HB in a layer of 0.4 m due to 13-15 watering at a watering rate of 240 m3/ha and an irrigation rate for vegetation of 3120-3600 m³/ha, the coefficient of ecological stability was determined by the method of S. A. Eberhart, W. A. Rassel.

Results and conclusions. The conducted research allowed us to identify promising, highly productive and plastic varieties resistant to stress factors of the region. Among the studied potato varieties and hybrids with pigmented pulp, the hybrid 16182 and the Gourmet variety bred on the basis of the A.G. Lorch Potato FITZ can be considered the most promising for cultivation in the conditions of the Volgograd region. Also, when cultivating potatoes using intensive technology, it is recommended to cultivate the Northern Lights variety.

The data obtained as a result of the study of the collection of spring barley of the fodder direction of the Orenburg selection for a number of economically valuable parameters in the zone of the southern steppes of the Orenburg Urals are presented. Cultivars with a set of economically valuable qualities that can be used as parent forms for breeding spring barley for feed have been identified.

Introduction. In the dry conditions of the Orenburg Urals, the success of creating highly productive cultivars largely depends on the parent forms that are most suitable for the soil and climatic requirements of the region. To assess the baselines for a number of economically valuable characteristics, studies were conducted on 14 varieties of spring barley of Orenburg selection. The purpose of this work was to identify valuable sources of productivity and the main indicators of the structure of the spring barley crop for further use in hybridization.

Object. All the studied varieties were obtained in the laboratory of spring barley breeding of the Orenburg Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences (since 2017 FRC BST RAS), 12 of which are zoned and included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in the ninth region, in addition, the Anna variety is recommended for use in the Ural, Middle Volga and East Siberian regions of Russia, cultivars T-12 and Gubernatorial districts are located in all zones of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The Natalie spring barley variety (nutans variety) until 2021 was the main recommended standard variety in the GSU system for the Orenburg region.

Materials and methods. These and other highly productive varieties were studied for three years (2020-2022). Field and laboratory evaluation of the numbers was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The results of the study of the elements of the crop structure of varieties of Orenburg selection are given, the forms of economically valuable traits are selected for further introduction into hybridization to obtain valuable initial breeding material. The correlation dependence of the productivity of spring barley varieties on morphological and structural parameters was revealed.

Results and conclusions. The most productive varieties in the conditions of the Orenburg Urals were: Miar, Lekar 2 and Chebenek. The analysis of the correlation coefficient allowed us to establish that the productive tillering coefficient and the weight of 1000 grains and the feedback with plant height have a positive effect on the yield of the variety in the arid conditions of the Orenburg region. From the samples we studied, varieties were selected for breeding for productive bushiness: Armilid, Miar and Chebenek; weight of 1000 grains: Healer and Healer 2; plant height – Lida. It is recommended to involve these varieties in crossbreeding for conducting adaptive breeding of spring barley of the fodder direction in the Ural region.

An important task is to increase the resistance of the human body to adverse environmental factors, which can be solved with the introduction of high-vitamin products into the diet, including sweet pepper, whose fruits are rich in biologically active substances, have high taste, therapeutic and curative properties.

The purpose of the work is to study the influence of varieties created by VNIIOOB breeders with different maturation periods, the development of technology for their cultivation, contributing to the conveyor arrival of the crop.

Novelty – for the first time, new varieties of sweet pepper with different maturation periods in seedling and seedless culture were studied, affecting the harvesting time. Relevance: this work will allow us to develop a conveyor intake of the crop, which will provide the market for consumption of fresh products for a long time.

Object of research is varieties of sweet pepper – Zarnitsa, Dar of the Caspian Sea, Atomor.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted in the period from 2020 to 2022 at the All–Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable Growing and Melon Growing, a branch of the PAFSC RAS, according to generally accepted methods for technologies adopted in the region.

Research and results. The studied varieties of sweet pepper Zarnitsa, Dar of the Caspian Sea and Atomor differed in the growing season: the earliest was the Zarnitsa variety. With the seedling method of cultivation, the ripening period is 123 days, with the seedless method – 116 days. The Atomor variety has a longer maturation period – from 145 to 137 days. The Dar Caspian variety occupied an intermediate position. Yield and quality depend on the duration of the growing season, cultivation technology, varieties. The highest yield was noted at the first harvest: depending on the variety, it varied from 43.3 to53.6 t/ha. The output of finished products with the seedless method of cultivation came a few days later than in the seedling culture.

Conclusions. To create a long conveyor receipt of the harvest of fresh products, it is necessary to use varieties of different maturation periods in a combination of seedling and seedless growing methods.

The article presents the results of a laboratory study on the drought resistance of spring barley varieties for seed germination and the initial stages of seedling formation in Petri dishes. Four varieties were studied: Finist, Povolzhskiy yantar, Povolzhskiy prize, Volga 49 and a new promising line H 2200/20 for seed germination in sucrose solution of 5%, 10% and 15% concentration. As a result, the variety Finist and Line N 2200/20 were distinguished, this can serve as the starting material for the creation of drought-resistant varieties of spring barley.

Introduction. To date, the introduction of drought-resistant varieties into production is one of the main means in the fight against drought. An important role in increasing the yield and improving the quality of grain crops belongs to breeding for drought resistance. Therefore, breeders are faced with the task of creating varieties of spring barley that are drought-resistant throughout the entire growing season. The aim of the work is to diagnose the drought resistance of spring barley varieties at the initial stage of seed germination.

Object. The object of research is varieties and a new line of spring barley bred by the Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Finist, Povolzhsky Yantar, Povolzhsky 49, Povolzhsky Prize and a new promising Line H – 2200/20.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the Samara region in 2022. The assessment of the relative drought resistance of spring barley was carried out according to the method of N. N. Kozhushko. In the control (sucrose-free) variant, distilled water was used for moisturizing, in the experimental variants, a sucrose solution (5, 10 and 15% concentration).

Results and conclusions. Laboratory germination of spring barley seeds on sucrose solutions made it possible to obtain a drought-resistant assessment of varieties. In all studied varieties, a percentage decrease in seed germination was observed with an increase in the concentration of the solution. However, the new Line H 2200/20 showed high laboratory germination – 28% (at 10% concentration of sucrose solution) and 7% (at 15% concentration of sucrose solution). Also, this Line showed the maximum result in terms of the root length index – 0.22 (10% solution concentration) and 0.13 (15% solution concentration). According to the sprout length index, the Finist variety was distinguished at all studied concentrations of sucrose solution – 0.34; 0.14 and 0.06, respectively. Seeds of the Finist variety and the new promising Line H 2200/20 can germinate in conditions of lack of moisture, as they develop a greater absorption capacity than the ability of the external solution to prevent the passage of water. This variety and Line are drought-resistant and can serve as a promising source material for creating drought-resistant varieties.

The article presents the results of the assessment of new varieties of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) by the main morphological, morphometric and phenological features, as well as by the yield and quality of commercial products. New varieties of oregano are recommended for use in agricultural production and for home gardening.

Introduction. Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) refers to valuable medical, spicy-aromatic and essential oil crops and is widely used in various sectors of the economy: perfumery and cosmetology, traditional and folk medicine, cooking and food industry, ornamental and landscape gardening. The purpose of the research was to study the economically useful features of new regionalized varieties of oregano.

Object. The objects of research were the local population and new zoned varieties of oregano, including the author's varieties Zavirukha and Aksamit selection of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the field and laboratory according to generally accepted methods.

Results and conclusions. As a result of the research, the main morphological, morphometric and phenological characteristics, yield and quality of marketable products of the local population and new zoned varieties of oregano were studied. The variety of oregano with a white color of the corolla Zavirukha formed the yield of green mass in the phase "beginning of flowering" 180–185 с/ha, the variety with a pink saturated color of the corolla Aksamit – 185–190 с/ha, the variety with the pink color of the corolla Greta – 180–185 с/ha with an essential oils content of 0.54, 0.57 and 0.51 %, respectively, crude protein 9.3, 9.5 and 9.0 % and a seed yield of 0.5 с/ha. New varieties of oregano are included in the State Register of Varieties of the Republic of Belarus and are recommended for use in agricultural production and for home gardening.

The article presents experimental data on the assessment of the biological value of the protein of sorghum grain of different varieties. The highest biological value of sorghum grain protein is possessed by the Derzhavnoye variety (72.3%). This variety is the most balanced in amino acid composition compared to other varieties. The biological value of the varieties Slavyanka (70.5%) and Vera (67.5%) is slightly lower. Lower – in the varieties Yelenushka (64.2%) and Kinelskoye 63 (62.7%).

Introduction. When creating and evaluating new varieties and hybrids of any agricultural crop, one of the indicators of economically valuable traits is the content and quality of protein in grain, which is used for food purposes and in animal feeding. The content of crude protein in sorghum grain varies between 10.0-17.0%. Moreover, the sorghum grain protein contains 8 essential and 10 non-essential amino acids, which form the fundamental basis for the metabolism in the body. There are significant differences between cultivars in the amino acid profile in sorghum grain protein. Therefore, the identification of genotypes and the establishment of the nutritional value of sorghum grain of different varieties for human and animal health by analyzing the physicochemical composition of grain and determining the composition of amino acids is an integral part of the breeding process.

Object. Samples of sorghum grain varieties Slavyanka, Kinelskoe 63, Elenushka, Vera and Derzhavnoe were used as experimental material.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out in 2018 - 2020 at two scientific bases: the Volga NIISS – a branch of the Sam Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Samara State Agrarian University. The protein content was calculated by the Kjeldahl method. The amino acid composition of the sorghum grain protein was determined by the KAPEL 105M capillary electrophoresis system.

Results and conclusions. According to the protein content in the grain, the sorghum varieties studied were distributed in the following order from smaller to larger: Kinel’skoe 63 → Elenushka → Vera → Slavyanka → Derzhavnoe. During the research, it was found that 8 essential and 10 interchangeable amino acids were identified in the studied samples of sorghum grain. The amino acid composition of sorghum protein is in a slight deficit from the reference egg protein recommended by FAO/WHO for all varieties: Vera – by 8.8%, Kinel’skoe 63 – 9.8%, Elenushka – 25.5%, Slavyanka – 33.7% and Derzhavnoe – 39.6%. The highest biological value of sorghum grain protein is possessed by the Derzhavnoe variety (72.3%). This variety is the most balanced in amino acid composition compared to other varieties. The biological value of the Slavyanka (70.5%) and Vera (67.5%) varieties is slightly lower. The Elenushka (64.2%) and Kinel’skoe 63 (62.7%) varieties have a lower biological value.

Introduction. The relevance of the work is justified by the need to expand the assessment of the influence of edaphic factors of low-yielding soils on the reclamation state of protective stands.

Objects of research are different–age, pasture-protective elm plantations at the experimental landfill of the NCF of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Bazhigansky and Tersk massifs).

Materials and methods. The research was carried out on trial areas (polygons) of modal elm stands, using generally accepted methodological developments and the author's scale of forest productivity of sand ecotopes.

Results and conclusions were obtained based on the results of studying the growth and longevity of squat elm crops in different forest-growing conditions of longterm experience of forest reclamation of the sands of the Western Caspian Sea, where the ecological aspects of the influence of soil and soil conditions on the forestry and taxation parameters of the formation of ZLN, allowed us to clarify the degree of ranking of the biomeliorative potential of afforestation of crops on heterogeneous ecotopes of the sands of the arid region.

The effect of soil bioactivation with effective strains of microorganisms on the intensity of its basal respiration (BR) and cellulose decomposition activity (CA) was studied. It has been shown that changes in the biological activity of soil depend on a number of factors, in particular on the use of mineral fertilizers. The results obtained and the patterns identified can be used in practice to calculate the optimal doses of applied fertilizers and increase the coefficient of their use by plants.

Introduction. For the sustainable development of agroecosystems in the conditions of intensified agriculture, it is necessary to study the patterns of formation and changes in the biological activity of the soil, as well as to search for ways of targeted control of individual biochemical processes.

Object. The object of the research was samples of ordinary chernozem collected at the experimental site of the Institute of Agriculture of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the steppe zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

Materials and methods. Seeds of winter wheat of the Yuzhanka variety were sown in 1-liter vessels in the amount of 16 pieces per vessel. The experiment was repeated 3 times. Mineral fertilizers in the form of nitroammophoska (NPK 16:16:16) were applied at the rate of 2 grams per vessel.

Results and conclusions. The data obtained as a result of the study indicate the positive effect of introducing effective strains of microorganisms into the soil. The absolute maximum value of basal respiration was noted during soil bioactivation in the Control + Bio variant and amounted to 13.7 μg CO₂/h/1 g of soil. The influence of plants on soil respiration manifested itself to varying degrees. When sowing plants in control soil (option 3 “K+R”), the rate of basal respiration increased by 4.3% to a value of 9.6 μg CO₂/h/1 g of soil. When sowing plants in soil enriched with microorganisms (option 4 “K+R+Bio”), an increase in values to 10.5 μg CO₂/h/1 g of soil was observed, which is 10.7% higher than in the control. The effect of mineral fertilizers in the soil on option 5 “K+NPK” led to a significant decrease in the intensity of soil respiration to 5 μg CO₂/h/1 g of soil. Against the background of soil enriched with strains of microorganisms in option 6 “K+NPK+Bio”, no inhibitory effect of mineral fertilizers was observed. In the variant with unenriched soil (variant 7), the basal respiration rate was 6.7 μg CO₂/h/1 g of soil. Based on the available results, it follows that in variants using mineral fertilizers and with vegetative plants, as well as their combinations on microbiologically enriched soil, the indicators of basal soil respiration are stable and vary within the range of 10.3-10.5 μg CO₂/h/1 g of soil. At the same time, the respiration rate of soil not enriched with microorganisms ranges from 5.0-9.6 μg CO₂/h/1 g of soil. From the above, we can conclude that the introduction of agronomically valuable strains of microorganisms into the soil can significantly reduce the inhibitory effect of mineral fertilizers on soil microbiota and maintain a higher intensity of biochemical reactions in it.

The article presents a comparative assessment of varieties of safflower dye for fodder value in the rain conditions of the Astrakhan region. The selected variety is not inferior in energy value to concentrated feeds.

Introduction. Astrakhan region is located in a zone of risky farming, in this regard, the main problem of animal husbandry is the production of high-quality feed. Selection and evaluation of feed quality are fundamental factors in livestock production.

Objects of the study were spike-free varieties from the VIR collection.

Materials and methods. Studies on the nutritional value of the green mass of safflower were carried out according to generally accepted methods: Dospekhov B. A., State variety testing of agricultural crops, Assessment of morpho-biological and economic characteristics was carried out according to the Classifier of the species Carthamus tinctorius L., calculation of the exchange energy in the feed mass was carried out according to the L. K. Ernst method.

Results and conclusions. The article presents the results of assessing the productivity and quality of the green mass of safflower. During the study, the Akmai variety was identified with the best indicators for the content of crude protein (17.00%), fat (3.06%), nitrogen-free extractives (616.9 g), feed unit (1.04) and low fiber content (12.52%). The Akmai variety on average exceeded the studied varieties in terms of yield of green mass by 1.2...3.9 t/ha and dry matter yield by 1.2...3.7% over two years. The variety distinguished by a set of characteristics meets the requirements of production as a forage crop.

The aim of this work was development of a screening system to find salt stress tolerant black locust seedling for following identification of stress tolerant genotypes. Our system combined original protocol of black locust seed germination under salt stress conditions and originally modified DNA extraction protocol. Salt stress induced changes in germination capacity, morphological indexes and biochemical markers confirmed stress development in proposed screening system. Used DNA extraction method allowed preparing DNA with good quality for molecular genetic research. Therefore, developed screening system can be applicable to find salt stress tolerant black locust genotypes.

Introduction. Soil salinity is an unfavorable natural factor acting in addition to water deficiency in arid areas. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is tree widely used in agroforestry in arid lands. Therefore identification of black locust genotypes exhibiting increased salt stress tolerance is highly important.

Objects. Black locust seeds and seedlings.

Materials and methods. Black locust seeds were germinated without or with NaCl in irrigation water (range of concentrations 0-300 mM). We measured seed germination rate, weight and length of 46 days old seedlings and some stress related biochemical markers.

Results and conclusions. We found black locust seed germination capacity decreased with an increase in the concentration of NaCl (from 93% at 0 mM to 9% at 300 mM). Seedlings grown in the presence of NaCl had some morphological alterations and changes in the biochemical marker values. Strong negative correlation between NaCl concentration in irrigation water and aerial part length to root length ratio was observed. Proposed DNA extraction method allowed to prepare DNA with good quality for molecular genetic research. Developed screening system could be used to find salt stress tolerant black locust seedling for following identification of stress tolerant genotypes.

Introduction. The main function of state protective forest belts is environmental formation. Most of the areas of state protective forest belts are agricultural land. The field protection functions performed by the state protective forest protect arable lands from deflation and water erosion, which lead to the removal of the fertile soil layer. Most of the state protective forest belts forest plantations have reached a high age, at which there is a decrease in their safety. The study of the current state of the sites of state protective forest belts is an urgent task for the implementation of subsequent restoration work to improve the indicators of a favorable impact on the surrounding agricultural landscapes.

Object. The object of the study are three state protective forest belts in the Saratov region: two watershed – "Penza – Kamensk" and "Cherkessk – Chapaevsk"; one riverside on both banks of the Volga River – "Saratov – Astrakhan".

Materials and methods. The contours of the project area were mapped using the QGIS 3.32 geographic information system using ultra-high resolution satellite images of the WorldView 3 mission and the Google Earth service. The assignment of attributes to the state protective forest sections by soil types was carried out after vectorization of the soil map of the Saratov region at a scale of 1:2 000 000. "Weather and climate", respectively. Information about the presence of fires at the state protective forest sites was obtained from the Vega-science service.

Results and conclusions. Most of the sections of the Penza-Kamensk SPFB are located on chernozems, on chernozems with solonetzes, occupying an area of 3890.31 ha and 254.08 ha, respectively. Plots of the forest belt "Chapaevsk – Vladimirovka" in the amount of 3548.14 ha are located on chestnut soils, on dark chestnut soils 4963.80 ha, 1224.76 ha belong to chernozems, 105.03 ha lie on chestnut soils with solonetzes, 23 on chernozems with solonetzes, 07 ha, on alluvial 27.17 ha. The sections of the Saratov-Astrakhan state protective forest run through the following types of soils: chestnut – 121.75 ha; chestnut with salt licks – 363.89 ha; dark porridge – 1860.25 ha; chestnut salt licks – 7.61 ha; sands – 20.10 ha; chernozems 1876.25 ha; chernozems with solonetzes – 205.85 ha; chernozem solonetzes – 122.25 ha; other – 477.67 ha.

Information about the method of digital microfocus radiography of tree seeds is given. Data on morphological parameters of seeds of three species of tree species Gleditsia triacanthos L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Cotinus coggygria Scop. are presented. The analysis of seed quality for the presence of various defects was carried out by the method of digital microfocus radiography.
Introduction. Relevance. The issue of conservation and restoration of forests is becoming increasingly relevant in the light of climate change and increased consumption of wood resources. Highquality seed material is the main and key factor for successful breeding and restoration of forests. The seed material of tree species is the basis for obtaining highly productive and healthy forest plantations. It plays a crucial role in the formation of the genetic basis of trees, and ultimately determines their quality, resistance to stressful conditions. The method of digital microfocus radiography of seeds is an effective tool for assessing the quality and potential viability of seeds. The method allows to determine the internal structure, density of seeds and their defects.
Object. The objects of the study were seeds of three species of tree and shrub species (Gleditsia triacanthos L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Cotinus coggygria Scop.) and digital X-ray images.
Materials and research methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the biotechnology laboratory of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Seeds of tree species promising in protective afforestation, agroforestry and landscaping were selected for analysis. The seed material was collected on the territory of the collection site of the Kirovsky Forestry SSC (Volgograd) in 2022. Digital microfocus X-ray analysis of seeds was carried out on the software and hardware complex of the mobile X-ray diagnostic unit PRDU-02 for seed quality control. The results were statistically processed using the MS Excel 2016 software package and were presented as an arithmetic mean, taking into account the error of the mean. The comparison of the obtained results with each other was carried out according to the Mann-Whitney U-criterion. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
Results and conclusions. The obtained data of the Xray analysis of the studied species of tree and shrub species made it possible to assess the quality of the seed material without injuring them with the possibility of further use. The main and most common defects are non–fulfillment of seeds, frailty and damage by pests. The nature of defects in seeds has an individual character, this is due to the specific characteristics of plants and the climatic zone of growth. The maximum indicators of high–quality seeds were noted in G. triacanthos – 78%, while 20% were damaged by insects. Visually, no damage was noticed on the seeds of R. pseudoacacia –70% of normally executed seeds, 8% unfulfilled and puny, and 14% damaged by insects. In comparison with other species, C. coggygria has a high percentage of unfulfilled seeds – 12% and puny seeds – 24%. Using the example of the seeds under study, it can be concluded that for each species it is individually necessary to select certain shooting parameters: magnification factor, time exposure and voltage (kV). X-ray analysis can be recommended as an express method for determining the quality of seed material of tree and shrub species.

The article considers the features of accumulation of snow reserves under the influence of forest stands of birch hanging openwork-blown structure in the plakor-plain (0-1°), slope-hollow (1-3°) and slope-ravine (3-5°) types of agroforestry landscapes.

Introduction. One of the most important climatic factors against the background of regional climate change is the snow cover, which contains huge reserves of moisture and makes a great contribution to obtaining high yields. Forest plantations contribute to the most productive accumulation of snow and its uniform distribution.

Object. The object of research is the snow cover.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Ulyanovsk Research Institute in the system of the erosion control complex of the Experimental Station “Novonikulinskaya” of the Tsilninsky district of the Ulyanovsk region. The height of snow and its density were measured on the eve of snowmelt: the density of snow cover was determined by a weight snow meter – VS43, height – by a portable metal rail.

Results and conclusions. Snow deposition in the mountain-plain type of agricultural landscape accumulates within the limits of 41.4 cm and 31.0 cm, on the slope–hollow – 36.9 and 34.0 cm, in the slope–ravine – 34.2 and 28.7 cm. The largest amount of spring moisture reserves due to snow melting in the inter-lane space is formed on the plateau-plain type of agricultural landscape. At a distance of 50 m from the windward and windward forest strips, this indicator was 109.3 and 91.5 mm. With the approach to the central part of the field (260 m), the provision of moisture due to snow decreased to 77.3 mm. A similar dependence can be traced on the slope-hollow and slope-ravine types of the agricultural landscape, but with a much smaller predicted water supply in the snow cover.

The article presents the results of vegetative propagation of three species of the genus Lonicera by semilignified cuttings using various growth stimulants. For each species of Lonicera, the most effective stimulants were identified. As a result, a high yield of own-rooted honeysuckle plants was obtained.

Introduction. In protective afforestation in the conditions of the Lower Volga region, shrub species are the most stable. From the family of honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae), in forest plantations, Tatar honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica L.) is found, which is distinguished by frost resistance, drought resistance and decorative effect. The use of drugs that stimulate root formation has a positive effect on the parameters of the roots and shoot growth in cuttings. Currently, research is being carried out aimed at studying the wide reproduction of edible honeysuckle varieties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to study the propagation of other species of honeysuckle in semi-woody cuttings using various preparations that stimulate root formation and to isolate the most effective of them.

Objects. The objects of the study were three species of Lonicera (L. tatarica L., L. korolkovii Stapf, L. morrowii A. Gray) and 6 drugs that stimulate growth and root formation in plants.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the biotechnology laboratory of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The experiment involved 6 growth stimulants: indolyl-3-butyric acid (IBA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Kornevin, Zircon, Epin-extra. The effectiveness of the assessment of indicators by the impact on the frequency of rhizogenesis, high rates of development of the root system (length and number of roots), as well as by the growth of shoots in cuttings. Statistical processing is carried out using the MS Excel 2016 software package and the Mann-Whitney U-test (p<0.05).

Results and conclusions. As a result of the research, it was found that all local types of honeysuckle show an increased desire to root semi-lignified cuttings. In each case, there was a different encounter with stimulant drugs, so the most important studies for each specific subject were highlighted.

Introduction. Beef cattle breeding is a significant segment of the Russian agricultural production economy. At the same time, an important component of its success is ensuring the required volume of gross production of meat and meat products and the level of their representation in the country’s food market. A significant resource in increasing beef production can be the use of various additives, premixes, and feed products developed based on biologically active substances and having a functional focus in feeding cattle.

Object. Young bulls of the Kalmyk breed, 8 months old.

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out based on Agrofirm Aduchi LLC, Republic of Kalmykia, on two groups of bulls: “control” and “experience”, 30 heads each. Animals of the first group (control) received feed (compound feed) of 3.5 kg per head; for bulls of the other group (experiment), the feed was mixed with the feed additive “Laktuvet-1” in an amount of 0.5% by weight of the concentrates. The duration of the experiment was 240 days.

Results and conclusions. Animals that received the feed additive “Laktuvet-1” as part of the diet exceeded their analogues in the “control” group in live weight at the age of 16 months. by 1.47% (P≥0.95). The absolute growth in live weight over the entire period of the experiment was 228.24 kg, which is higher than in the "control" group by 6.63 kg, or 2.99% (P≥0.99). The physiological health parameters of all experimental animals were within physiological norms. In general, the introduction of the feed additive “Laktuvet-1” at a dosage of 0.5% of the weight of concentrated feed into the diets of Kalmyk breed young bulls contributed to the positive dynamics of all indicators studied during the experiment.

Introduction. Camel farming is a promising branch of livestock farming in Russia not only for the production of meat, but also milk, especially in regions with unstable climatic and agrarian conditions.

Object. Camels of the Kalmyk breed (Bactrian) at the age of 4 years.

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out in the conditions of two farms - in the camel breeding facility of the Kirovsky Farm in the Yashkul district of the Republic of Kalmykia (group I) and in the Zakharov private enterprise in the Nikolaevsky district of the Volgograd region (group II). To conduct research, 6 camels with a live weight of 550-600 kg were selected from each farm. The duration of the experiment was 18 months.

Results and conclusions. The results of the analysis of the milk productivity of the experimental camel population indicate that animals raised in the Volgograd region (group II) were superior to their peers kept in the Republic of Kalmykia (group I) for each month of lactation. In general, during a full lactation, 1635 kg of milk was obtained from camels of group I raised in the Republic of Kalmykia, and 1968 kg from camels raised in the Volgograd region, which is 20.37% higher (P≥0.99). The fat content in the milk of camels of group II was higher in May by 0.65% (P≥0.95)
compared to female camels of group I of the same age; SOMO – by 0.89%; protein – by 0.39%, respectively. At the same time, in November, higher levels of fat content were found in the milk of camels raised in the conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia (group I), by 0.48% (P≥0.95) compared with their peers from the territory of the Volgograd region (group II). However, in terms of the content of dry skimmed milk residue in milk, camels of group II exceeded their peers of group I by 0.12%; protein – by 0.28% (P≥0.95), respectively. Thus, it is advisable to raise camels of the Kalmyk breed (Bactrian) in the Volgograd region with more nutritious natural pastures to produce high-quality milk.

Introduction. In dairy farming technology, the most significant stages are the dry period and the milking period. The importance of these stages can hardly be overestimated for unlocking the genetic potential of dairy cows, since at the first stage we get healthy offspring from highly productive animals, and at the second the foundations are laid for the economic efficiency of milk and dairy products production. It is known that unlocking the genetic potential of dairy productivity of animals implies providing them with highquality complete feed, including various biologically active and feed additives, and corrective substances.

Object. Holstein cows aged three years.

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on two groups of cows (control and experimental), each of which consisted of 30 heads. The control group of animals received a standard diet; the cows of the experimental group received the feed additive “KD-Bish” (380 g per head per day) in addition to the standard diet. The duration of the experiment was 194 days.

Results and conclusions. The use of a new feed additive in the technology of growing Holstein cows during the dry period during 21 days before calving contributed to increase milk yield, improve milk quality indicators and increase the production of dairy products.

Introduction. Research was carried out in the direction of improving the mineral composition of the diets of breeding boars in the conditions of an industrial pig-breeding complex.

Materials and methods. The studies examined the effectiveness of using the tested feed products in the diets of breeding boars: natural Volgograd bischofite separately and together with the organoselenium preparation Selenopyran. Control boars received as the main diet (OR) – complete feed; 1st experimental group – OR with the addition of natural bischofite at the rate of 8 ml per producer per day; 2nd experimental group – OR with the same amount of natural bischofite and together with the drug Selenopyran calculated at 0.833 mg per 1 kg of complete feed.

Results and conclusions. Introduction of natural bischofite into diets separately and together with the drug Selenopyran had a positive effect on the reproductive qualities of breeding boars, morphological and biochemical status of their blood; productivity of breeding stock. Boars of the experimental groups had higher ejaculate volume indicators by 8.23-9.76%, sperm concentration in 1 ml of sperm by 5.53-7.83%, sperm activity by 6.82-9.09% than in the control. The producers of the experimental groups also had a higher number of red blood cells in their blood, leukocytes and higher hemoglobin content, and in blood serum - higher concentration of total protein by 1.56-2.18% and albumin by 6.81-7.89%. Compared to control, in breeding stock inseminated with sperm from experimental group boars, piglets had a live weight at birth higher by 3.65-5.84%, when weaned from sows at the age of 24 days – by 6.45-7.10%, and more piglets were received for weaning. Moreover, the best results were obtained with the joint use of the tested feed products.

The article presents the results of the calculation of the selection index of black-and-motley sires of the population of the Moscow region on the signs of dairy productivity, reproduction and exterior of daughters. Achieving the maximum selection effect can be achieved using aggregate information on selection traits, which can be obtained using a selection index. And since the selection index in this case implies an assessment of the producers, then in the future it would be necessary to evaluate the breeding value of the daughters themselves through the selection index.

Introduction. The aim of the work was to develop a comprehensive system for assessing the economically useful traits of black-and- white sires based on the selection index.

Object. The object of research were first-calf heifers (n=10492) of the black-and- white breed of the Moscow region.

Materials and methods. The data includes traits of milk production, fertility and exterior. As exterior features, we took into account 17 features of the linear evaluation of the "B" system.

Results and conclusions. The daughters of the studied black-and-white breed sires have fairly good indicators of milk productivity, with a milk yield of 7142.8 kg of milk for the 1st lactation with a protein and fat content of 3.25 and 4.10%, respectively. Traits of fertility and milk production have low values of the coefficient of heritability. Among them, the protein content (h2 =0.17) and the age of the 1st fruitful insemination (h2 =0.18) stand out. Regarding the traits of exterior, they also do not differ in a high level. Only stature, rump angle, teat length, and angularity have higher heritability values (h2 =0.19-0.22). Milk yield for the first lactation has a negative correlation with fat and protein content (r = -0.382…-0.448). At the same time, they have a positive relationship with each other (r = 0.584). Of all the studied traits, such traits of reproduction as the number of inseminations / service period and intercalving period had the highest correlation between themselves (r = 0.8-0.9). The same regularity was noted in their phenotypic correlations. Their negative relationship with the milky type was also established (r = -0.471 ... -0.573). With a change in the share of weight coefficients, a change in the indicators of the selection index (ETI) is observed. The highest and lowest values are observed in the second column, where 0.5 (50%) of the selection weight is assigned to the share of milk productivity. Achieving the maximum selection effect can be achieved using aggregate information on selection traits, which can be obtained using a selection index.

The article presents the results of silage of variable alfalfa with the addition of the biological preservative SILA-PRIME in the first variant and only the addition of fireweed (Chamerion anqustifolium L.) in a dose of 15% by weight of alfalfa in the second variant. As a control option, alfalfa silage was taken in its pure form without additives. The research was carried out in the conditions of the NorthWestern region of Russia in the Vologda region. A positive effect on the silage capacity of alfalfa of both additives separately was noted. It was revealed that the addition of fireweed in comparison with the option with the addition of only a preservative to the silage mass allows you to get a feed of the best quality in terms of nutritional content – protein content of 17.7%, the output of metabolic energy of 10.6 MJ / kg of dry matter.

Introduction. The basis for keeping highly productive animals is the availability of feed that meets the quality requirements. The productivity of animals largely depends on the level and usefulness of feeding. An important circumstance should also be considered the economic component of the feed received, namely their cost. The use of chemical, biological preparations or without them affects the quality of the feed received and the final price of livestock products.

Object. The object of research was alfalfa silos.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the pilot site of the Vologda GMHA and in the SEC (collective farm) "Nikolotorzhsky" of the Kirillovsky district of the Vologda region. Chemical analyses of the obtained feeds were carried out according to generally accepted methods in the North-Western Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Results and conclusions. The studied samples of alfalfa silage differed in the content of organic acids. The mass fraction of lactic acid in alfalfa silos was 41.7%, and was minimal in comparison with other silos. The maximum index of 77.9% of the proportion of lactic acid in the total amount of organic acids was recorded in alfalfa silos with the addition of fireweed (Chamerion anqustifolium L.) 15% of the weight of alfalfa, while there was no oily acid. Alfalfa silos with SILA-PRIME bioconservant had a proportion of 62.3% lactic acid and was of good quality, as was silos with the addition of fireweed. Alfalfa silos in its pure form without additives had a pH of 4.96 and was of poor quality. In terms of feed value, the feed with the addition of fireweed was the best in terms of the content of exchange energy of 10.6 MJ /kg of dry matter. Therefore, we believe that the addition of fireweed in a dose of 15% by weight of alfalfa during its silos is economically feasible.

The paper presents the results of the analysis of mitochondrial CytB gene polymorphism in regional domestic and wild reindeer populations. The results showed that the wild reindeer were characterized by higher genetic diversity compared to domestic groups. The results obtained in this study can be recommended for use in the implementation of biodiversity conservation programs for the studied reindeer populations of the Russian Far North.

Introduction. Reindeer is an important component of the ecosystem of the Russian Far North, a distinctive feature of which is the cohabitation of domestic and wild populations. Studying the characteristics of the genetic diversity of reindeer populations using various types of genetic markers has always been of interest to scientists from different countries.

Object. The object of the research is samples of biological material of domestic and wild reindeer.

Materials and methods. A total of 36 individuals were analyzed, including the wild reindeer inhabiting the territory of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug (WLD, n=16) and domestic reindeer of the Nenets breed bred on the territory of the reindeer herding agricultural enterprise of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NEN, n=15) and the Todzha population of the Todzhinsky district of the northeastern part of the Republic of Tuva (TUVA, n=5). The nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial CytB gene (1140 bp) was determined by Sanger sequencing. Analysis of genetic diversity was carried out based on the values of the number of polymorphic sites (S), the average number of nucleotide differences (K), the number of haplotypes (H), haplotype (Hd) and nucleotide (π) diversity. The construction of the median haplotype connection network was carried out using the PopART 1.7 software.

Results and conclusions. The development of the test-system allowed to obtain and analyze the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial gene CytB, on the basis of which it was revealed that the Taimyr population of the wild reindeer was superior to both samples of domestic reindeer in all parameters of genetic diversity: Hd = 0.958±0.036, S=35, K =7.942, π=0.00697±0.00052. The detected high values of haplotype and nucleotide diversity in the wild population may indicate an expansive growth in population size. Analysis of the median network demonstrated, on the one hand, the common origin of the Taimyr population of wild reindeer with representatives of domestic reindeer of the Nenets breed, and the genetic isolation of a sample of domestic reindeer from the Todzha region of the Republic of Tuva, on the other hand.

This article presents the results of the effect of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin on biomass growth and survival of Black Soldier Fly larvae. The obtained results indicate that Black Soldier Fly larvae are not able to metabolise ivermectin. However, low concentrations of ivermectin in the substrate have no effect on larval development and survival and can be acceptable for rearing larvae as feed.

Introduction. Manure treatment by Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) is a perspective technology of waste utilization with protein production, which can be used for the feed additives industry. However, livestock products from agricultural animals can be contaminated by various antimicrobial and antiparasitic drugs. One of these drugs is ivermectin (IVM), which belongs to macrocyclic lactones and can be found in high concentrations in manure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of several concentrations of the antiparasitic drug IVM on biomass growth, Survival Rate (SR) and Bioconversion Efficiency Rate (BER) of the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae.

Object. The object of the study was BSF larvae.

Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted at the All-Russian Research Institute of Food Additives. The larvae were raised on a substrate composed of wheat bran with an aqueous solution of IVM in the ratio of 1:2. C0-substrate with distilled water instead of the drug solution was used as a control sample. The studied concentrations of IVM: C1–0.1 mg/kg; C2–0.5 mg/kg C3–2.5 mg/kg; C4–10 mg/kg. The larvae were fed on experimental substrates with IVM for ten days.

Results and conclusions. The concentration of IVM >2.5 mg/kg substrate was found to significantly reduce the development of BSF larvae, with SR below 60%. In contrary, lower concentrations of IVM in the range of 0.1-0.5 mg/kg had a negligible effect on larval development, SR was 92%, IVM content in the larvae was 0.95±0.150 µg/kg and 4.2±0.500 µg/kg for C1 and C2, accordingly. We concluded that BSF larvae do not accumulate and do not metabolize this veterinary drug, and insect biomass obtained on substrates with low concentrations of ivermectin can be used for further production of feed products.

This article presents the results of studying the effectiveness of the use of the premix "RumiMix–3" as part of a feed mixture for dry cows. The experiment was conducted in the conditions of LLC "Borisov farms", Borisovsky district, Belgorod region. Studies have established the positive effect of the studied feed additive on the productive indicators and reproductive ability of cows.

Introduction. Effective management of any branch of animal husbandry and in particular cattle breeding is impossible without the use of various balancing feed additives that have a positive impact on the preservation of the health of animals and the realization of their genetic potential for productivity. In this regard, the study of the effectiveness of the use of the premix "Rumimix–3" as part of a feed mixture for non-milking cows is relevant.

Object. The object of the study was non-milking cows of Holstein black-and-white breed.

Materials and methods. Scientific and economic experience was conducted in the conditions of LLC "Borisov farms", Borisovsky district, Belgorod region. 4 groups of cows were selected for the experiment, 7 heads in each group. The first control group received the main ration (RR) in the form of a feed mixture without the addition of the premix "Rumimix-3", the second, third and fourth groups received the same RR, but the specified premix was added to it in doses of 200, 250 and 300 g /head/day respectively.

Results and conclusions. In the course of research, it was found that when feeding the studied premix, the feedability of the bark mixture increased by 1.8-4.1% in the first and second periods of non-milking equally. The use of the additive "Rumimix–3" in the non-milking period contributed to an increase in the average daily milk yields of lactating cows. The maximum yield was obtained in the third group of animals, where a premix dosage of 250 g /head /day was used. It was 4.3% higher than the control variant. The studied premix "Rumimix-3" had a positive effect on the reproductive ability of cows. In the experimental groups, all calves were born alive, in the control one calf was born dead. The live weight of the calf at birth in the experimental groups was greater than in the control by 0.4-0.8 kg. At the same time, it was maximum in the third group of animals. After the first insemination, the percentage of fertilized cows in the experimental groups was 14.2-28.5% higher than the control variant. And with this situation in these groups, there is also a lower consumption of seed doses for fruitful insemination, which significantly reduces the cost of cash for insemination of cows.

The article presents the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of hunting to combat invasive alien species (IAS) in the member countries of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Berne Convention, 1979). The research results showed that the report of 13 countries applying the norms of the European Code of Conduct on Hunting and IAS does not contain specific figures that allow us to conclude about its effectiveness. However, the analysis of the reports suggests that some positive results may be achieved in the future.

Introduction. The diversity of indigenous wildlife is essential not only for maintaining the biological balance of ecosystems, but also for the economy. The threat to this is the penetration of alien species into places where they have not previously met. Non-native species do not always appear by chance. Sometimes they are intentionally introduced by humans into the natural environment, among other things, for economic reasons, for hunting and fishing, ornament and attractiveness, biological pest control. The consequences of such an introduction are unpredictable. They are often not calculable, even if thorough studies have been conducted and continue to be conducted. An alien species whose introduction or spread has been found to threaten or adversely affect biodiversity and related ecosystem services is called an invasive alien species (IAS). Since hunting is a way of controlling fauna, it can be used to combat IAS.

Object of research is biological invasion.

Materials and methods. Analysis of the norms of the Berne Convention (1979) and the Recommendations of the Standing Committee of the Convention, the European Code of Conduct on Hunting and IAS and the latest published report on its implementation.

Results and conclusions. The Berne Convention (1979) and the Recommendations of the Standing Committee of the Convention, including the European Code of Conduct on Hunting and IAS contain many useful norms related to the management of alien species. However, Russia still acts as an observer in relation to the designated Convention. Nevertheless, it is difficult to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of the application of the designated documents, since the report of 13 countries applying the norms of the European Code of Conduct in the field of Hunting, Hunting Management and IAS does not contain specific figures. However, his analysis suggests that some positive results may be achieved in the future.

The article presents materials that reveal the main aspects of the functioning of the reclamation complex of the Altai Territory. The conditions for the restoration of irrigation systems and the introduction of new irrigated lands into circulation are outlined; the role of investments, reclamation parks and the mechanism of public-private partnership in the development of agriculture and land reclamation is shown.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that under the influence of intensive human activity, the steppes and forest-steppes of Siberia were significantly transformed, a significant part of the area was transferred to the category of arable land and irrigated land. Ameliorative systems built in the 20th century, for the most part, are decommissioned or used in agriculture by 20%. According to the forecasts of Siberian scientists, by 2050 the water cycle should change and the water content of the rivers of the Upper Ob basin and the Ob-Irtysh interfluve will increase by 1%, and the increasing aridization of agriculture in Western Siberia will entail the drying up of steppe lakes, an increase in the salinity of water bodies, and the appearance of significant areas of solonchaks. The ongoing global natural and climatic changes will become harbingers of catastrophic droughts and crop failures.

The purpose of the study is to consider the main approaches and justify the development of land reclamation in the Altai Territory.

Object. The objects of study were the natural and reclamation complex of the region, the Alei irrigation system with a reconstruction program and an increasing zone of irrigated lands.

Materials and methods. The basis of the study was the results of the expeditions, analytical and statistical materials of the VNIIOZ-branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “FNTs VNIIGiM named after A. N. Kostyakov" (Volgograd), Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FNTs VNIIGiM im. A. N. Kostyakov" (Moscow), Federal State Budgetary Institution "Department of Land Reclamation and Agricultural Water Supply in the Altai Territory" for the period 2013-2022. To determine the prospects for the development of irrigation systems and irrigated lands, investment projects, a situational analysis was used with predictive climate changes. Statistical data were processed using computer programs MS Office 2010, Statistica.

Results and conclusions. In the course of the study, results were obtained confirming that on the eve of the “era of desiccation”, the issue of reviving land reclamation in Altai, the development of land reclamation investment projects with the mechanism of public-private partnership, is becoming very relevant. It is shown that the ongoing reconstruction of the Alei irrigation system, on the one hand, will increase the area of irrigated land, create conditions for increasing agricultural productivity, on the other hand, the experience gained justifies the mandatory use of environmentally friendly technologies that prevent the manifestation of side effects of land reclamation: salinization and waterlogging of lands, decrease in soil fertility.

The article presents a flowchart of an algorithm and a database for assessing the nutrient load on water bodies generated by agricultural production. It also gives a calculation example of the nutrient input into the water bodies from farming in the Leningrad Region in 2018.

Introduction. Most pollutants from non-point sources get into surface waters from of agricultural activities. These pollutants can be chemical plant protection agents, animal and poultry manure, and manurebearing wastewater from agricultural enterprises. So, reducing the diffuse pollution with nutrient inputs is a priority and important task for improving the quality of ground and surface waters.

Object. The study considered the calculation methods for assessing the nutrients loss into water bodies from farming operations.

Materials and methods. The applied research methods were those of subject area study, decomposition, diffuse load assessment, spatial analysis in the environment of geographic information systems (GIS). The effect of agricultural production on water bodies was assessed according to the methodology developed in IEEP – branch of FSAC VIM.

Results and conclusions. To assess the pollution of water bodies by agricultural lands, and livestock and poultry complexes, the study designed a corresponding algorithm. It had several blocks: initial data, pollution source analysis, estimation of point and non-point pollution, and the estimation results and recommendations on the nutrient load reduction. The other study output was the structure of the database for obtaining and accumulating information on the activities of an agricultural enterprise, agricultural land available, the amount of biogens entering water bodies from agricultural production, etc. The database was designed for research application. For example, the calculations using the database showed that in 2018 the nutrient input into the water bodies of the Leningrad Region amounted to 3909.2 t/year for nitrogen and 250.96 t/year for phosphorus. The study results were recognized with the Certificate of Database Registration 2022622557 dated 19.10.2022 “Indicators for assessing impacts on water bodies” and the Certificate of Computer Program Registration 2022684376 dated 13.12.2022 “Program for assessing diffuse load on water bodies from agricultural production”.

The article presents a new technology of plant protection and care of vegetable crops in relation to the spraying system. As a result of the conducted work the analysis of the conducted research of methods of chemical plant protection is presented. The obtained comparative results showed that the proposed method of plant treatment with the use of the developed sprayer body clamp allows to significantly increasing the quality indicators of spraying and at the same time reduce economic costs.

Introduction. Soil The development of vegetable crops production is a significant direction in the agro-industrial complex of our country. Increase of yield depends on the applied technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops. At the same time, the main criteria of efficiency of the used technologies are energy and resource intensity of the applied agricultural machinery. Increasing the productivity of machines used in technologies, it is necessary to take into account agrotechnical requirements to the conducted production operations. Thus, in the system of protection of agricultural plants from diseases and pests a big role is given to the operation of spraying. Improvement of methods of protection of cultivated crops from diseases and pests is included in the application of advanced methods and preparations for spraying.

Object. The object of research are devices of fixation of nozzle bodies on sprayer booms.

Materials and methods. Band differentiated spraying is economically advantageous when applying liquid fertilizers with high concentration or specific composition, including microelements or specialized fertilizers for specific crops, as well as protection products. In order to increase the quality indicators of drug distribution when spraying plants, it is proposed to carry out this treatment with nozzles set at an angle of 45 in the vertical plane in the direction towards each other installed above the centers of row spacing of row crops. The use of this scheme of installation of atomizers on spraying allows forming a powerful stable flow when combining two directed towards each other. This method is achieved by using clamps of atomizer bodies, which have the ability to move operatively along the sprayer boom to set the required band of treatment of the plant in accordance with the growing season.

Results and conclusions. In the work the analysis of applied clamps of atomizer bodies for use in the technology of strip differentiated local application of working solution was carried out. Shortcomings in the use of used clamps were revealed and an improved design of the clamp was proposed, which provides practical and convenient use of the clamp and increases the speed of sprayer preparation for work. At the same time the increase of qualitative indicators with the reduction of economic costs of strip spraying is realized.

Introduction. The relevance is due to the maintenance of water-ecological balance on irrigation systems during operation. The water-ecological balance on irrigation systems takes place if the intake of water for irrigation from a water source during the acute arid periods of vegetation does not exceed the established sanitary norm. Currently, water sources, both surface and underground, due to man-made impacts on them, exceed the sanitary norm in various indicators, which leads to the development and implementation of new water purification technologies in irrigation systems. In the specific studies at the experimental production site of the Volgograd State Agrarian University "Innovative Village" presented in the article, water treatment, namely, groundwater was intended for drip irrigation systems, since this irrigation method is being introduced in steppe, semi-desert and desert areas suffering from water scarcity, which includes the Volgograd region.
The selected site for the drip irrigation system took into account the specific characteristics of the cultivated crops, the duration of vegetation, the spread of the root system, as well as the requirements for soil, climatic, hydrogeological and relief conditions and the qualitative composition of water. Having studied the composition of groundwater from a well located near the irrigated area, the authors proposed not only their patented method of groundwater purification, but also a method of its activation. The simultaneous use of both methods in the installation scheme for the purification and activation of groundwater is the main advantage that distinguishes this technology from all existing ones. This scheme allows you to increase the yield and quality of tomatoes grown with minimal energy consumption, prostate and maintenance safety, achieving high quality purification and activation of water for drip irrigation.

Object. The research area is a drip irrigation system at the experimental production site of the Volgograd State Agrarian University "Innovative Village"

Materials and methods. The bulk of the research work was carried out at the experimental production site of the Volgograd State Agrarian University "Innovative Village". The study is based on reagent-free purification from suspensions, iron and other impurities by vacuum-ejection method and activation of water by vacuum method using a vacuum activator developed by the authors. An integrated approach, which provides for the need to simultaneously solve a number of related root problems of water treatment, makes the proposed technology universal for both irrigation systems and domestic drinking water supply.

Results and conclusions. The first stage of research of the water purification plant was carried out in laboratory conditions on a hydraulic model at the Department of Water Supply of the Volgograd State Agrarian University "Innovative Village", the second stage of tests for purification and activation of water was carried out at the pilot production site before the start of sowing tomatoes in the ground, at the installation with a capacity of 10 m3/ day. The second stage included the work performed in the following sequence: first, we achieved stable operation of the water purification unit by vacuum-ejection method, and then we achieved stable operation of the water activation unit using a vacuum activator. The final tests were carried out at the start of both installations. The installations worked in semi-automatic mode. It should be noted that the vacuum-ejection unit includes a vacuum-ejection oxidizer and a semi-automatic sand filter, working as a single unit.

The paper presents the results of analysis of tasks arising in microclonal propagation of plants in vitro and proposes means of robotization of the laboratory. A robotic cell was developed to perform the procedure of microcropping and planting of cuttings in nutrient medium.

Introduction.The procedure of microclonal propagation by in vitro microcutting requires a large amount of routine labor. An experienced laboratory technician can plant up to 700 microcuttings per shift. However, this work is very monotonous and, as a consequence, extremely tiring. In addition, fatigue makes people less attentive and they start making mistakes, which often lead to rejects – sterility violations and introduction of infections into the nutrient medium. As far back as 30 years ago, robotization of this procedure was sought. A number of known attempts at robotization have demonstrated the potential solvability of this problem, but have not led to the introduction of robotization tools in this industry, and until now these operations are still performed manually.

Object. Robotic complex for maintenance of the laboratory on microclonal propagation of plants.

Materials and methods. The research includes analyzing the requirements for robotization of a laboratory for microclonal plant propagation and developing a concept for robotization of such a laboratory.

Results and conclusions. As a result of the analysis, the needs for robotic equipment in the laboratory of microclonal plant propagation were determined and the main provisions for robotization of the laboratory were formulated.

The article presents the results of modeling and experimental studies of the working bodies of chisel tools with improved geometric characteristics. The results of experimental studies have shown that the use of working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface can reduce the total traction resistance of the tractor by 6-9%. It is noted that the effectiveness of the use of experimental working bodies decreases with an increase in the speed of movement of the unit.

Introduction. Innovative crop production technologies, which are the main source of human food, have a significant energy intensity, which has an increasing tendency. These technologies account for up to 85% of all energy costs of agricultural production, half of which falls on tillage operations. The scale of fuel consumption for tillage operations is such that a 1% reduction in energy costs saves up to 1.5 million tons of fuels and lubricants. Therefore, the issue of finding ways to reduce energy costs during tillage operations remains relevant today. Currently, various methods have been proposed to reduce the resistance of working bodies of tillage implements: the use of working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of working surfaces; the use of vibrational and vibrational modes of operation of working sections; the use of antifriction coatings on working surfaces; optimization of operational parameters of the entire machine and tractor unit. The basis of all these measures applied in practice are the foundations for the study of the physic-mechanical and dynamic characteristics and conditions of the processed material; the nature of the mechanical impact on the soil layer by various types of deformers; mathematical models describing the state of the operational parameters of machine-tractor units with different nature of their loading.

Object. The object of the study is the technological process of chisel tillage, technological operations of destruction and displacement of the soil layer, the stress-strain state of the formation under the action of chisel working bodies with different geometric characteristics of the working surface.

Materials and methods. Theoretical research methods are based on the analysis and modeling of the physical features of the destruction and movement of the soil layer on the surface of the working body. Experimental studies were carried out on real objects of tillage implements equipped with working bodies with different geometric characteristics of the working surface using standard techniques.

Results and conclusions. Based on modeling the process of moving a soil particle over the surface of the working body, a parabolic equation is obtained that can be used to justify the surface of the working body, which provides variable deformation of the soil layer during its movement. A 3D model and a full-scale sample of an experimental working organ of a chisel plow with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface have been created. Analysis of the results of field studies of the energy intensity of the technological process of chiseling the soil, that the use of working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface can reduce the total traction resistance of the tractor by 6-9%. It is noted that the effectiveness of the use of experimental working bodies decreases with an increase in the speed of movement of the unit.

Introduction. The basis of crop production technology is a set of agrotechnical operations and organizational and technical measures related to preparing the soil for sowing and protecting crops from weeds. The use of agrotechnical methods of surface tillage allows simultaneously with the use of technical means without the use of chemical methods to perform weed control operations.

Object. The object of the study is an improved working organ of a steam cultivator.

Materials and methods. A working body of the KPS – 4 steam cultivator is proposed to combat weeds during surface tillage in steam fields, as well as in row spacing cultivated by a wide-row method of agricultural crops in irrigated and non-irrigated agriculture. By properly influencing the soil, we create optimal conditions for the development and growth of the root system of agricultural crops. As a result of loosening or compaction of the soil before sowing, effective fertility increases due to the optimal content of moisture, air and nutrients in it.

The purpose of our research is aimed at to increase the efficiency of surface tillage through the use of a self-cleaning working organ of a steam cultivator, which helps to reduce energy and economic costs in the cultivation of agricultural crops.

Results and conclusions. The created design of the working organ of the cultivator eliminates the overhang of plant residues of trimmed weeds on the rack of the pointed paw, providing a reduction in traction resistance, increasing productivity and quality of tillage by completely pruning weeds in the upper horizon of the soil, preventing the removal of moist soil to the treated surface.

Modeling the processes of bio-productivity of agricultural land is a complex multisectoral problem. The combination of a variety of biological, soil-climatic, agrotechnological and organizational-economic factors for crop forecasting requires the use, adaptation and improvement of intersectoral methods and approaches, including those based on artificial intelligence (AI).

Introduction. Agricultural production planning involves the improvement of methods for forecasting the yield and productivity of agricultural crops. In the field of agricultural production, various forecasting methods are used, including trend-seasonal statistical models, as well as artificial intelligence and machine learning methods. However, the practical implementation of such approaches constrains its wide application, in particular, the use of an iterative algorithm of variationally weighted approximations.

Object. The object is the BP of long–term yield levels of various agricultural crops.

Methods. Agrophysical processes are modeled by linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODES), as well as partial differential equations. For statistical evaluation and approximation of empirical results, the method of least modules and its weighted or generalized modifications were used. The fundamental assumption of modeling formulated by A. P. Likhatsevich (Belarus), it is accepted that each of the crop-forming factors, for example, mineral nutrition and heat and moisture availability, informs him of a change that does not depend on the effects of other factors. This can be used in mathematical modeling of the forecast yield by means of differential equations. Numerical studies for the preliminary analysis of the obtained results were carried out in the MS Excel v. 2016 environment.

Results and discussion. If the modeling of the crop yield level of factors is not linked to the biological characteristics of crops and climatic conditions, then such mathematical models will be quite universal and can adapt to different conditions. Based on the factorial approach of A. P. Likhatsevich, the authors obtained an analytical dependence that provides an operational adjustment of the forecast yield taking into account the results of segmentation of the state of crops. It is shown that it is possible to estimate the level of yield reduction using the analytical dependence obtained by the authors, taking into account the numerical processing of the results of segmentation of the state of agricultural fields, in particular the value of R_defectn obtained in the process of intelligent segmentation of the sowing area, with a given R_i,add.

Conclusions. The calculations carried out showed, in particular, that the decrease in the estimated yield on the example of barley from the maximum value of 71.4 c/ha, with values of R_defectn = 0.2 and the accepted maximum permissible R_i,dop = 0.6 will be up to 55.6 c/ ha, and the reduction in yield will be 22%.

The article presents a constructive and schematic diagram of a loader-conveyor of hay rolls designed by the Volgograd State Agrarian University, which is presented in the form of three interconnected systems: chassis, equipment for grabbing and lifting rolls and hydraulic system with drives for grabbing and lifting rolls. From the point of view of the reliability of the unit, its systems are presented as sequentially connected; the results of studies of replaceable productivity and the main indicators of reliability of the loader-conveyor of hay rolls are presented: failure times and the probability of failure-free operation during operation in real conditions of agricultural enterprises.

Introduction. Animal husbandry in the Russian Federation is one of the main branches of agriculture, and cattle breeding is its most important subspecies. The provision of meat and milk to the population of the country cannot be successfully carried out without the availability of the necessary amount of high-quality feed for cattle. The most important feed for cattle is coarse feed, in particular, hay. When harvesting hay, there is a risk of significant losses not only of feed volumes, but also of its quality, which leads to poor productivity of animals. The level of feed quality losses is associated to a greater extent with violations of agro technical deadlines, the fulfillment of which is ensured by the necessary number of machines performing individual technological operations, their high replaceable productivity and a sufficient level of reliability. To increase the productivity and reliability of newly developed machines to the required level, it is important to know the achieved level of these indicators not only in the laboratory, but also in real operating
conditions.

The purpose of the work is to assess the performance and the main indicators of reliability of the experimental sample of the loader–conveyor of hay rolls.

Materials and methods. In the preparation of this work, materials from open source websites, scientific articles and other publications of scientists from research institutes and higher educational institutions were used. The object of the study was experimental samples of a loader-transporter of hay rolls designed by the Volgograd State Agrarian University, the performance of which has been proven by experimental studies. The methodological basis for assessing the reliability indicators of the loader-transporter of hay rolls was the provisions of probability theories and reliability of technical systems, as well as regulatory documents.

Results and discussion. Hay bale loader productivity per shift was defined as the total weight of hay bales loaded onto the loader platform, delivered and unloaded at the storage location during the shift. The number of rolls was determined based on the results of timing the work of loaders transporting hay rolls in two farms in the Volgograd region. Based on the results of timing the operation of the units over four harvesting seasons, the average values of the following indicators of the use of the loader-transporter under study were determined: time for shift maintenance; additional time spent preparing the unit for operation; time spent loading one roll (grabbing, lifting and lowering a roll of hay onto the platform of a loader-transporter); cycle time; time spent on loading, delivering, unloading rolls of hay from the loader-transporter and returning it to the field; the number of trips and rolls of hay delivered to the storage location per shift of operation of the unit; duration of cleaning, expressed in shifts; the number of rolls of hay delivered by loader-transporters to the storage location during the harvest season; the mass of hay harvested by one loader-transporter during the harvesting season; changeable performance of the hay bale loader-transporter. The curves of the actual and theoretical density of the time – to – failure distribution and the results of testing the hypothesis of the theoretical distribution law according to the criterion χ2 are presented.

Conclusions. According to experimental data obtained as a result of timing two experimental loaders-transporters of hay rolls over four harvesting seasons, it was determined that the number of hay rolls delivered to the storage location by one unit during one shift varied from 40 to 69 pieces; the number of rolls of hay delivered by two loader-transporters to the storage location during the study was 5978 pieces; The productivity of the loader-transporter of hay rolls varied from 53.02 t∙km per shift up to 92.50 t∙km. With a total operating time of loader-transporters of up to 6,000 pieces of hay rolls, the average time between failures of the chassis was 315 pieces, the equipment for gripping and lifting rolls was 278 pieces, and hydraulic systems with drives for gripping and lifting rolls – 565 pieces, and a loader-transporter of hay rolls – a total of 352 pieces.

The main direction of intensification of agricultural production should be resource conservation and technological modernization, including through the use of "precision farming" while minimizing the impact on ecosystems and the environment.

Introduction. The main direction of intensification of agricultural production should be resource conservation and technological modernization, including through the use of "precision farming" while minimizing the impact on ecosystems and the environment. It has been revealed that there are prerequisites for this, there are enterprises where elements of precision farming have been introduced. The analysis of the sowing campaign on a specific example of an enterprise for preparing the soil for sowing grain crops revealed factors affecting the productivity of aggregates and additional costs. Prerequisites for the introduction of precision farming elements in tillage before sowing grain crops were: a large overlap in the aisles of the units, work on the incomplete width of the tools, curved movement of the units across the field, incorrect rotation scheme of the unit with manual control.

The purpose of the study is to identify the need for the introduction of precision farming elements during pre–sowing tillage for sowing grain crops in the North-Western region of Russia, to identify factors and shortcomings in the technology of soil preparation before sowing grain crops with a "manual control" unit on the example of an agricultural organization characteristic of the above conditions; to give options for the use of TK elements in the technology of preparation soils before sowing grain crops.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis and generalization of conclusions and theoretical approaches in the materials of the Center for Forecasting and Monitoring of the Kuban State Agrarian University and a specific agricultural producer from the Leningrad region. A relatively large, fairly well-equipped agricultural enterprise in the southern part of the Leningrad region was selected for research. Units that participated in the research for pre-sowing tillage: tractor JD6195M + disc harrow Lemken Rubin 9/500 KAU (2 units); tractor RSM2375 + disc harrow Farmet Softer 8 PS.

Results and conclusions. The options for installing and using an automatic control system with an accuracy of 2.5 and 15 cm control units are proposed, which will ensure the absence or minimize the negative factors of "manual control". In a concrete example, fuel overspending on preparing the soil for sowing grain crops in monetary terms is 234200 rubles with manual control of the units, and with a 2.5 cm control accuracy system and an RTK station will amount to 4400 rubles.

The article presents the results of the natural installation of complex threads of the tunnel of the Don main canal in the Rostov region. For the area under consideration, an analysis of the landscape, geomorphological, climatic conditions, factors, the most likely potential objects affecting the safety of the object was carried out. It is recommended to develop and implement observations on the management and maintenance of facilities, which can lead to self-established regular schedules for inspections, maintenance and repair work, as well as the establishment of a monitoring system for the condition of the three sensor strings to check for verification and application problems.

Introduction. The paper analyzes the natural conditions and the results of field surveys of the construction of the northern portal of the tunnel at PK 306+60 and the construction of the southern portal of the tunnel at PK 367+40. It has been established that the supply of water to the Don main canal during the irrigation period increases the level of groundwater in the survey area and causes processes that increase the secondary salinization of the adjacent territory.

Оbject. The tunnel is located on the section from PK 306 + 60 to PK 367 + 40 of the Don main canal on the watershed of the Don and Sala rivers, consists of three lines and is designed to pass the main canal flow into its tunnel part. The inner diameter of each thread of the tunnel is 5.2m. At the entrance to the tunnel is the North portal, at the exit – the South.

Materials and methods. The conditions for the location of the research site are considered. The analysis of geomorphological conditions is carried out, the factors determining the climate of the region are considered. The geological conditions that affect the behavior of groundwater in the survey area during filtration of water from an irrigation source are described in detail. Dangerous exogenous processes are indicated, the most probable are wind, rain, ice, which can reach dangerous values.

Results and conclusions. As a result of the analysis of the survey, the categories of the technical condition of hydraulic structures and the level of their safety were specified. In the process of long-term operation, the reinforced concrete surfaces of the structure and metal structures have undergone significant wear and corrosion, some of the lifting equipment is missing, physically and morally obsolete, and their further operation can lead to an emergency. The inoperability of expansion joints was revealed. These defects make it possible to assess the condition of the structures as limited operable.

Introduction. Obtaining guaranteed high yields of melon crops is possible with full compliance with all technological operations of their cultivation. One of such operations is weed control [2, 11]. For this purpose, as weeds appear, crops are cultivated. But during the third and sometimes the second cultivation, the lashes grow in the aisles so much that when the tractor passes, its wheels are damaged. Therefore, it is necessary in this case to shift the lashes from the aisle to the axis of the row, and after the passage of the machine-tractor unit, return them to their place. The most promising tool for performing these operations is a tool for laying and subsequent layout of lashes with an active type working body, which ensures the movement of lashes on the soil with minimal displacement relative to the working body. But the calculation of the basic structural and kinematic parameters of the machine is impossible without knowledge of the basic dimensional-mass and strength parameters of the lashes. This determines the need for these studies [1, 5].

Object. The objects of the study were plants of three varieties of watermelon "Crimson Sweet", "Impulse" and "Chill".

Materials and methods. The development of the technological process and design of the machine, the work of which is associated with the impact on the processed agricultural materials, should be based on knowledge of their physical and mechanical properties, which determine its ability to resist deformation and destruction. This was pointed out by academicians Goryachkin V. P., Zheligovsky V. A., Listopad G. E. and a number of other scientists involved in the development of technological processes for agricultural production and new machines for their implementation. In experimental studies, both a general methodology was used, and in some cases a private methodology was developed. This was due to the fact that melon plants have a wide variety of physical and mechanical properties, which required the development of both special equipment and devices, as well as features of measuring the required values. The research results were processed using mathematical statistics methods and presented in the form of tables and graphs [6].

Results and conclusions. The conducted experimental studies made it possible to determine the main strength and size-mass values of watermelon lashes, which are necessary for calculating the parameters of the working body of the active type of tool for laying-laying lashes.

According to the results of biomedical studies, it was found that the consumption of vegetable oil with a reduced content of glycidyl esters and standard vegetable oil leads to unidirectional changes in the body of laboratory animals – the relative weight of the liver increases, the phenomena of dystrophy and multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes are observed, the level of triglycerides increases when twin hyperlipidemia is induced.

Introduction. The article examines the effect on the lipid level of vegetable oil with a reduced content of glycidyl esters in comparison with standard vegetable oil. These objects were fed to outbred Wistar laboratory rats for 1 month (30 days). A total of 48 outbred male Wistar laboratory rats were used in the experiment. There are 16 animals in each study group.

Materials and methods. In both study groups that received vegetable oil with a reduced content of glycidyl esters and standard vegetable oil, the absolute figures of the background content of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and the atherogenicity index slightly increased compared to animals that received standard complete feed, however, these differences are statistically unreliable. The background level of triglycerides does not differ in all the studied groups.

Results and conclusions. The presented results indicate that there is a statistically significant increase in the level of triglycerides in both study groups compared to animals receiving standard full-fledged feed. In all the studied groups, the total cholesterol content remains at the same level. In both groups studied, the absolute figures of the background content of low-density lipoproteins and the atherogenicity index slightly increased compared to animals receiving standard full-fledged feed, however, these differences are statistically unreliable, as evidenced by the significance levels of p. Thus, according to the results of biomedical studies, it was found that the consumption of vegetable oil with a reduced content of glycidyl esters and standard vegetable oil leads to unidirectional changes in the body of laboratory animals – the relative weight of the liver increases, the phenomena of dystrophy and multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes are observed, the level of triglycerides increases when twin hyperlipidemia is induced.

The article presents the signs of degradation of the river and fish stocks of the Don River on the example of the Kochetovsky hydroelectric complex and the consequences of irrational use of water resources on the work of reclamation systems of the Rostov region. The objective of this study of signs of degradation of the Don River is to focus attention on the growing problem of reducing water resources in the South of Russia.

Introduction. Global climate change is currently beyond doubt and is an objective reality. On climate change and its consequences, it is necessary to take actions to assess risks and take measures in advance to reduce or prevent negative consequences. The signs of degradation of the river and fish stocks of the Don River are given on the example of the Kochetovsky hydroelectric complex and the consequences of irrational use of water resources on the work of reclamation systems of the Rostov region. The objective of this study of signs of degradation of the Don River is to focus attention on the growing problem of reducing water resources in the South of Russia.

Materials and methods. In the course of the work, a comparative analysis of water levels and flows of the Don River in the lower reaches of the Kochetovsky hydroelectric complex over the past 50 years was carried out. Data from hydrological yearbooks on water levels in the Don River and on expenditures indicate significant changes in indicators for the worse.

Results and conclusions. Proposals are formulated on the need to control such areas for the protection of water bodies as ensuring the reduction of anthropogenic load on water bodies, recommendations are given on the unhindered passage of all fish species to spawning sites and practical provision of rational use of water resources of the Tsimlyansk reservoir.

The article shows the results of the positive effect of format-alcohol plasticizer on the construction, technical and operational qualities of concrete that meets established regulatory requirements. A polynomial model of the 2nd order was obtained, the optimal dosage of the recommended plasticizer was determined, which makes it possible to increase the strength of concrete by 60-80% after heat treatment.

Introduction. Prefabricated elements for the network and structures of reclamation systems are manufactured at factories and landfills. After manufacturing, they are sent to the construction site, where they are installed and sealed. Prefabricated elements and structures, in comparison with monolithic ones, have a positive effect on the construction time (reduce them), help reduce labor costs and improve the quality of construction and installation work. In this regard, reclamation systems with a conductive network of prefabricated elements should be considered technically advanced and meeting reliability criteria.

Object. The object of the study is prefabricated elements of reclamation systems.

Materials and methods. To identify the effect of the physic-chemical effect of an aqueous solution of PFS on the strength and performance properties of concrete on aggregates with a high content of pulverized and clay particles, Novorossiysk Portland cement of the 500 brand was used, quartz crushed stone of the 5-40 mm fraction of the Potapovsky deposit with a content of pulverized and clay particles in the amount of 3.3-3.8%, and the waste of cam-non-fragmentation of quartzite fraction 0-5 mm (seeding) Potapovsky deposit with a size modulus of 2.50 with a content of pulverized and clay particles over 15%. Methods of experimental planning theory with the construction of a geometric image of the response function using linear algebra methods were used to solve prescription and technological problems. At the same time, the following ratios were observed: C+Height = 950 kg / m³, Height = 1270 kg / m³, where: C, Height, Sch – respectively, the cost of cement, sowing, crushed stone. Concrete mixtures on such aggregates have low mobility, which makes it difficult to mix them, as well as formability and compaction during vibration, which negatively affects the strength and performance of concrete. In this regard, to compensate for the negative impact of such aggregates on the quality of concrete and the reliability of prefabricated elements, it is proposed to use a plasticizing additive to the concrete mixture - a format-alcohol plasticizer, which is a by-product of the production of pentaerythritol, which is an aqueous solution of sodium formate, syrupforming substances and poly-alcohols – monopentaerythritol and polypentaerythritol. Concrete cubes with an edge of 100 mm were made from the prepared mixtures on a vibrating compaction table, which were then placed in a laboratory steaming chamber for accelerated strength gain. As for the frost resistance of concrete, the normalized characteristics were determined by the results of tests of concrete samples-cubes of 28-year-old age.

Results and conclusions. Studies have shown that the use of inexpensive non-conditioned fillers in the production of trays, pipes, plates and other prefabricated elements will ensure cost reduction in their manufacture without reducing the quality of products. To save cement and reduce the initial water content of mixtures, on aggregates with a high content of polluting particles, it is proposed to add a formate-alcohol plasticizer to the mixture. Its positive influence on the strength and operational properties of concrete meeting the established requirements has been established. By the method of experimental planning, a second-order polynomial model was obtained that adequately describes, at a 5% level of significance, the dependence of the strength of concrete on inexpensive nonconditional aggregates on cement consumption and the dosage of the PFS plasticizer: when cement is
dispersed from 250 to 550 kg/m³, the dosage of the plasticizer in the form of an aqueous solution in in an amount of 2.8-3.2% of the cement mass, it should be considered optimal; the addition of PFS plasticizer to the mixture increased the strength of concrete after heat treatment by 60-80%. Accelerated tests of concrete samples for sea resistance in a solution of sodium chloride confirmed the compliance of concrete on inexpensive local aggregates with an increased content of pulverized and clay particles with the mark 300.

A comparative assessment of various catalysts for ferrite formation during wastewater treatment is considered. Obtaining optimal parameters of time and volume of a substance to reduce the concentration of chemical elements to the maximum permissible concentration.

Introduction. The ecological situation in our country at this point in time is considered unsatisfactory. Air pollution occurs due to large amounts of emissions from industrial plants; rivers and lakes are polluted by emissions of industrial, livestock and domestic wastewater. A known reagent method for wastewater treatment is ferritization or the formation of oxypheres. This method is well used for industrial plants such as paint and varnish, woodworking, metal production, etc. There is ferrite formation on several catalysts, such as ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, so there is a need to conduct an experiment to study various catalysts to determine the best one for the absorption of chemical impurities.

Object. The object of the study is highly contaminated wastewater.

Materials and methods. A chemical analytical analysis of the wastewater under study was performed to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Next, experiments were carried out with various catalysts in laboratory conditions by settling at different periods of time and the volume of ferrite formation suspension.

Results and conclusions. The best result was shown by a catalyst in the form of iron sulfate, in which the ferrite formation reaction proceeded faster than with aluminum oxide and copper sulfate. The settling was carried out at intervals of 0.3 to 4 hours, the volume of the suspension used was from 20 to 50 ml. With these parameters, it was found that the contact time of the catalyst with the wastewater under study was 2 hours, the amount of suspension was 50 ml. Removal of chemical impurities ranged from 90 to 100%. Comparative data is aimed at identifying a faster catalyst for ferrite formation, as well as removing impurities to the maximum permissible concentration. Experimental data are aimed at reducing the environmental load of water bodies into which wastewater is discharged.

In the process of work, the drying temperature of pasta from 50 0C to 60 0C and the drying time from 105 to 110 minutes, during which the drying process of pasta is carried out at optimal humidity values. This model describes the drying process in real form and ensures the convergence of calculations with observations. The model was used to develop a temporary drying protocol for belt conveyor dryers with phased heat supply.

Introduction. The drying procedure is the key to obtaining pasta of a given quality and at a certain price. However, the existing models are mainly intended to describe the drying process in a stationary state.

Materials and methods. The mathematical model of gluten-free pasta drying based on nontraditional raw materials allows us to determine the temperature and humidity gradient curve for tubular pasta.

Results and conclusions. Thus, a mathematical model was built that allowed to set their optimal values in the right amount, the best settings for minimizing the cost of thermal energy while  maintaining good quality of the dried product are with indicators such as the humidity of pasta (wm, %) up to 10, the drying temperature of pasta from 50 ⁰C to 60 ⁰C and the drying time from 105 to 110 minutes, during which the drying process of pasta is carried out at optimal humidity values. This model describes the drying process in real form and ensures the convergence of calculations with observations. The model was used to develop a temporary drying protocol for belt conveyor dryers with phased heat supply. The analysis of three-dimensional spatial models shows that in the field of optimal search, the values necessary for the optimality of the optimization criterion are achieved. This means that the degree of change in input factors is taken into account when planning experiments. The following graphs show the optimal ranges of variable values of the drying agent temperature (Ta, ^oC) and drying time (td, min), at which the pasta drying process is most effective, the humidity values are optimal. The dependences yn=f(Ta, td), given from the variables Ta and td that determine the drying process, allow us to predict with sufficient accuracy the change in the value of wm (%) in the studied range of values. At the same time, it is possible to determine the predominant influence of each factor on the efficiency of drying raw pasta from non-traditional ingredients. This information is then used to approximate the kinetics of the technological process in the drying device. Adjustment and optimization of a variety of parameters in the production of pasta led to optimal values of these parameters in the required amount: pasta humidity (wt.%) from 10 to 15, drying temperature from 50⁰C to 60⁰C and drying time from 105 minutes to 110 minutes.

The article presents theoretical results on determining optimal (best) parameters of a new wide-spread sprinkler using the Rechtshafner method. The coefficients B₀, B_i, B_ij and B_ii were obtained based on experimental data and presented in form of a mathematical model, the significance of which was assessed using the Student's test. For identifying the correctness of the experimental results obtained using the Fisher criterion studied the coefficients gave an error of 5%, which is quite acceptable. As a result of the compromise solution task, we determined the optimal values of factors for the wide-cut section sprinkler.

Introduction. Design engineers are tasked with developing a new generation of irrigation equipment using modern construction materials, with reduced energy consumption, with maximum automation, and a wide range of adjustable parameters when used for certain irrigation conditions. The quality of irrigation with a sprinkler is characterized by the uniform distribution of irrigation water over the area. To determine the quality of uniform distribution of artificial rain by widespan sprinklers, the coefficient of effective irrigation is used, which characterizes the uniformity of the distribution of irrigation water in the irrigated area.

Object. Wide-span pivot irrigation machine.

Materials and methods. Theoretical studies were carried out to determine the optimal parameters of a new wide-spread sprinkler using the Rechtshafner method.

Results and conclusions. The coefficients В₀, В_i, В_ij and В_ii were obtained based on experimental data and presented in the form of a mathematical model, the significance of which was assessed using the Student’s ttest. To determine the correctness of the obtained experimental results using the Fisher criterion, the studied coefficients gave an error of 5%, which is quite acceptable. As a result of solving the compromise problem, we determined the optimal values that ensure uniform distribution of rain with an effective irrigation coefficient of at least 0.8.

The article presents an analysis of the actual water consumption for cleaning each zone of various technological operations during the operation of a milking parlor of the "Carousel" type in the conditions of an operating farm. The data obtained can be used at the design stage to calculate the consumption of water resources and the amount of sewage contaminated with manure that requires further storage and disposal.

Introduction. The capacity of livestock complexes on an industrial basis is increasing, both in the whole country and in the Leningrad region. In agricultural organizations of the Leningrad region, the majority of cows are milked in milking parlors. On large dairy farms, it is recommended to use automated rotating milking parlors, the specific area of which, taking into account the holding area and galleries, is on average 8.8% of the animal placement area. These areas should always be kept clean and their washing is carried out, as a rule, after each milking. The purpose of the research is to analyze the actual water consumption for cleaning each zone of various technological operations during the operation of a milking parlor of the "Carousel" type in the conditions of an operating farm.

Object. The object of research is the milking and dairy unit.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out during the operation of a milking parlor with a Carousel-type installation for 50 seats in an operating farm with an average milking herd of 1200 heads and triple milking. Water consumption was recorded every hour in automatic mode in various areas of the milking parlor. The total area requiring cleaning was 925 m².

Results and conclusions. During the monitoring, the average daily water consumption in the milking parlor was 33.5 m³. The main amount of water (45.8%) is spent on cleaning the udders of animals and maintaining cleanliness in the milking parlor during and after milking, 29.3% – on cleaning the pre-milking area and the area of entry and exit of animals to the milking unit, 23.4% – on cleaning the sanitary zone and hoof treatment, 1.5% – on cleaning the maintenance area (inner circle) of the milking machine. The average daily water consumption per unit area when washing the floor and fences in different areas ranges from 5.6 to 49.3 l·/ (m²·day), depending on the washing zone and the degree of its contamination. The data obtained can be used at the design stage to calculate the consumption of water resources and the amount of sewage contaminated with manure that requires further storage and disposal.

The article presents the results of a study of the stages of development of maintenance and repair strategies and their promising forms, taking into account the development of digital technologies. Predictive MRO methodology seems to be an intermediate form on the path to the establishment of predictive and prescriptive MRO strategies. The goal of the methodology is to minimize operating costs and increase machine reliability. A six-level conceptual model for implementing predictive maintenance and repair methodology is proposed.

Introduction. Technical services, and in particular the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery, ensure the reliability of one of the key business assets – agricultural machinery. The use of digital technologies in this area allows the use of advanced strategies based on big data processing and predictive analytics. Predictive maintenance of machines, taking into account trends in technical reequipment and the specifics of agricultural production, can become a key methodology for maintenance and repair. The proposed conceptual model of predictive maintenance for agricultural machinery allows us to identify practical steps for the development and implementation of this methodology.

Object. Maintenance and repair system.

Materials and methods. The work used methods of system analysis and modeling, theories: management; decision making; operations research; design of large software and information systems; content – literature analysis. The study and design of the concept is based on the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, GOSTs, as well as reliability and quality methodologies RCM, Kaizen, TQC, etc.

Results and conclusions. As a result of the study, it was found that the implementation of the software methodology leads to a reduction in machine downtime, an increase in their reliability, and a reduction in operating costs. Analysis of scientific research allows us to identify three tasks, the solution of which precedes the implementation of software: determining the system architecture; determining goals and objectives based on the owners’ strategy; identifying approaches and techniques to achieve the best MRO results. A conceptual software model is proposed, which includes 6 layers and a set of actions, allowing for the detection and identification of previous and incipient faults of machine components and assemblies, monitoring and forecasting the development of degradation of parts and technical condition as a whole, as well as providing decision support in the MRO process or development automation maintenance schedules.

The article deals with the problems associated with the defectiveness of the connecting rod and main journals of the crankshaft, and also presents a mathematical description of this process, taking into account the control of dimensions, shape and location of surfaces. The studies were carried out at the repair enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. Determining the condition of parts after fault detection is an important step in the repair process. This determines whether parts can be machined to repair size or should be rejected. To more accurately determine the condition of defective parts, a tool was developed for monitoring and analyzing dimensions and shape deviations. This tool allows you to evaluate defects in more detail and determine how critical they are for the further use of the part.

Introduction. In the context of import substitution and resource conservation in machine-building production, the control of internal combustion engine parts is becoming increasingly important. If foreign engines cannot be repaired, then domestic engines can be repaired. When repairing engines, important parts that require fault detection are the cylinder block, crankshaft, camshaft, cylinder head, connecting rods and other expensive and heavily loaded parts. The loss or incorrect diagnosis of the condition of one of these parts can significantly increase the cost of a repaired engine. Therefore, fault detection operations should be thorough, competent and require the use of accurate measuring instruments. Metrological support of the repair process is a paramount task to prevent significant risks arising from the control and fault detection of engines.

Object. The object of research is the operation of defective parts in the repair industry.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out at the repair enterprises of the agro-industrial complex during the fault detection of parts. The mathematical description of the defect detection process is carried out in the form of inequalities.

Results and conclusions. In the process of flaw detection, it is necessary to control not only the dimensions of the parts, but also their shape and surface arrangement. The wear of individual elements of parts occurs faster than others. This is due to the operating conditions. As a result of fault detection of parts, it is possible to determine whether they can be processed to the repair size or should be rejected. A tool for monitoring and analyzing dimensions and shape deviations was developed, which will allow more accurate determination of the condition of the defective part.

The article presents research on the development of a probabilistic mathematical model of the soybean seed separation process in a gravity column. As a result, a mathematical model was obtained describing the separation process on concave curved surfaces (combs), taking into account the geometric characteristics of the combs and columns and the effect of the vibration coefficient of the comb bars on the effectiveness of the process. Empirically, from the self-cleaning condition of the combs, it was found that with the separation coefficient, as well as the vertical and horizontal coefficients of the bending moment function when the rods vibrate, a fairly high statistical correlation is achieved between the developed mathematical model and experimental values.

Introduction. One of the important problems in the agro-industrial complex of agriculture is still the post-harvest processing of grain and the preparation of high-quality seeds. Grain cleaning machines with a sieve mill do not provide the proper quality of seed cleaning in one pass since, during operation, the holes of the sieves are clogged, which leads to a decrease in the quality of cleaning. Soybean seeds are easily injured during cleaning on a grain cleaning machine with a rolling mill, as a result of which the seeds split into cotyledons and damage the embryo (embryo). As a result, the development of a grain cleaning machine free of the above disadvantages is required. Such a device can be a gravity column in which soybean seeds are not injured and there is no clogging of the sieves.

Object. The object of the study is to determine the regularities of the process of interaction of soybean seeds and impurities with the working surfaces of the gravity separation machine.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. A mathematical model has been developed in which the influence of the geometric dimensions of the gravity column is empirically taken into account.

Results and conclusions. A mock-up sample of a gravity column was developed, where the separation coefficient µ = 3.6 m^-1, as well as the vertical and horizontal coefficients of the bending moment function during the vibration of the rods, equal to a = -30 Pa^-1m^-1, b = -31.9 Pa^-1m^-1, were determined empirically from the condition of self-cleaning of the combs, a = -0.58 Pa^-1m^-1, b = -1.47 Pa^-1m^-1. A fairly good statistical correlation is achieved between the developed mathematical model and experimental values with a coefficient of determination equal to 0.996 and 0.998, respectively.

As part of the study, the physicochemical parameters of several vegetable oils, including sunflower, rapeseed, corn and palm oils, were analyzed. The results of the study indicate that exposure to light have the greatest effect on increasing the values of the peroxide number. This primarily applies to samples of oils packed in transparent colorless polymer containers. The average peroxide index in this study for locally produced oils did not exceed the limits set by WHO/FAO, amounting to 10 milequivalents of active oxygen/kg of oil.

Introduction. The evaluation of the quality of the oil is based on certain sensations, such as transparency, aroma and taste, which are strictly defined. These factors are of great importance for consumers because they influence their choice. Let's say, for example, all filtered and pureed oils should be transparent, without residue, smell like nothing and have a neutral taste. On the other hand, unprocessed oils must match their source material in smell and taste, and do not contain any extraneous tastes or aromas. Moreover, since the oil containing phospholipids is easily clouded, forming a "web", after a while a sediment may form at the bottom of the tank during prolonged storage. This fact underlines the importance of controlling the oil storage process to avoid spoiling it.

Materials and methods. The law sets out many specific physical and chemical factors that should be considered when analyzing all types of vegetable oils. They can vary from color, acidity, % moisture and impurities to the amount of phosphorus present. It is important to note that these indicators vary from product to product depending on extraction methods or commercial quality. Moreover, any oil that has undergone alkaline neutralization (refining) must be completely purified from soap; this is something that must be confirmed by an official quality test.

Results and conclusions. We have tested a batch of vegetable oils for compliance with the safety requirements specified in TR CU 021/2011 and TR CU 024/2011. Fortunately, their physical and chemical characteristics were successful. Acidity levels ranged from 0.2 to 4.6, peroxide numbers from 0.8 to 9.8, and not a single trace of free fatty acids was found. In general, it is safe to say that these oils meet the standards. This allows us to confidently recommend them for use in food products.

The article presents the results of tests of gel batteries under various operating conditions: in the cold at a temperature not exceeding -7.8 C°, and in the heat at a temperature within 22-24 C°. The results of the study showed an increase in the reduction of vehicle operating time by 33% of the operating time in temperature conditions of 22-24 C°.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of climatic conditions on promising electric transport vehicles used in the tasks of public utilities departments, parks and recreational areas, as well as in indoor warehouses and eco-farms.

Object. Assessment of the actual indicators of the duration of storage of the operating voltage of the battery under conditions of low temperature in comparison with an identical battery under favorable temperature conditions. Tests were carried out both with and without load.

Materials and methods. When studying the operation of gel batteries under various conditions of use, their ability to maintain voltage and electrical capacity was tested. Comparative studies were carried out on the influence of ambient temperature on battery discharge in storage mode and under load. The objects of research were 2 traction gel batteries.

Results and conclusions. The results of tests of gel batteries under various conditions of use are presented: in the cold at a temperature not exceeding -7.8 C° and in the heat at a temperature within 22-24 C°. Their ability to maintain voltage and electrical capacity was tested for compliance with the requirements of operation in electric transport. An assessment of the actual indicators of the duration of storage of the operating voltage of the battery in conditions of low temperature is given in comparison with an identical battery in favorable temperature conditions: a reduction in the operating time of the vehicle by 33% of the operating time under temperature conditions of 22-24 C°.

Introduction. Self-propelled machinery plays an important role in agriculture, in particular crop production. Each stage of the technological cycle for cultivating agricultural crops is associated with the operation of general-purpose (tractor, transport vehicles) and special-purpose equipment, which in field conditions move across agricultural lands and dirt roads of various conditions. The ability of equipment to operate in field conditions is determined by the bearing capacity of the supporting surface and the terrain, and their greatest impact affects the operation of transport equipment, the main mission of which is the timely and high-quality transportation of agricultural goods. One of the important conditions for the movement of transport equipment during field work is the condition of dirt roads and their bearing capacity. One of the most difficult bases for the supporting surface for the movement of automobile cargo vehicles is dry bulk sand, when moving along which, significant slipping of the loaded vehicle occurs or it gets completely stuck and further movement without external force becomes impossible. In turn, the use of additional units of equipment to pull out a stuck vehicle entails temporary losses, which reduces the quality of the transported cargo, as well as disrupts logistics chains and generally reduces the efficiency of the enterprise.
One of the possible directions for solving this problem is the development and use of motor vehicles with a combined mode of movement – rolling and walking, which allows, when driving on dirt roads with sufficient load-bearing capacity, to move by rolling, and in areas where it is not enough to switch to an alternative mode – walking functionally providing self-pulling. For the study, an experimental vehicle was designed and technically implemented with the ability to choose a method of movement – rolling or stepping.

Object. The object of the study is the support patency of an experimental vehicle on dry bulk sand.

Materials and methods. The reference cross-country ability of an experimental vehicle on dry bulk sand was determined in the field by studying parameters – the amount of current consumed by the engines, the distance traveled, the depth of the rut, the degree of soil compaction. The parameters of the supporting cross-country ability on dry bulk sand were determined and a comparative analysis was made without using the originality of the technical solutions included in the design of the experimental vehicle, and with their use.

Results and conclusions. An analysis of the results of field tests of an experimental vehicle on a base of dry bulk sand showed that: the maximum load during rolling movement is less than 350 N, after which complete slipping occurs and the vehicle gets stuck, in contrast to walking movement, which provides translational movement and is performed up to a load of 500 N, the limitation of which is determined only by the strength indicators of structural assemblies; the peak current consumption of the propulsion motors at a load of 350 N is 0.132 A, while when moving by walking and a load of 500 N it is 0.130 A; the maximum rut depth when moving by rolling and a load of 350 N is 2.2 times higher than when moving by walking, and when moving by a load of 500 N it is 0.7 cm less when moving by walking compared to a rolling movement and a load of 350 N; with increasing load, the degree of soil compaction increases and at a load of 350 N it is 1.029 when moving by rolling, and when moving by walking – 1.003. In turn, with a load of 500 N and movement by walking, the degree of soil is 1.015, which is 1.14% less than with a load of 350 N and the method of rolling movement.

Introduction. White cabbage is of great importance in the national economy. It is used as one of the important products in human nutrition, as a feed component in animal husbandry, and is also of interest to medicine. As a product included in the human diet, it is used both fresh and in various versions after processing. Cabbage, a one-of-a-kind culture that ferments well, is stored for a long time and can serve as the main ingredient for preparing various salads. When cultivating white cabbage, the main part of the costs from the entire technological process (up to 30%) falls on cleaning. In farms, on small areas (20-25 hectares), cabbage harvesting is carried out manually. It usually consists of several operations: cutting cabbage forks and loading into a vehicle for shipment to a sorting point; cutting cabbage forks and loading into a vehicle and transporting to the edge of the harvested field. Further, for both technologies, the leaf part of the fork is manually cut off and packed into grids or containers. For larger farms where the area is much higher, various combines are used. According to their device, their picking part is equipped with lifters or rotating cones for pulling out cabbage and knives for pruning a poker with a rhizome. We offer an inertial rotary type cutting machine for pruning heads with a vertically rotating knife. To find its kinematic parameters, a multifactorial experiment was developed and implemented experimentally. According to its results, optimal values of the main factors are recommended.

Object. The technological process of harvesting cabbage with the use of a combine harvester with an inertial rotary cutting machine equipped with a vertical rotary knife was considered as an object of research.

Materials and methods. To conduct the research, the extremely rich plan of the Rechtshafner was used in the form of a 3-factor experiment. It was implemented using a program on a PC. The significance of the regression coefficients obtained as a result of the solution was evaluated according to the Student's criterion.

Results and conclusions. To find the parameters of the inertial rotary cutting machine for harvesting white cabbage, an extremely rich plan of the Rechtshafner was experimentally implemented. According to the obtained regression equations, after determining their coefficients for various fork sizes, sections of response surfaces with an assessment of damage to forks are constructed and the values of the studied parameters are recommended. In accordance with the solution of the equations, the optimal cut height varied from 14 to 14.5 cm, which fully corresponds to the parameters of the poker (16 cm), the angle of rotation of the knife at different fork diameters was in the range from 9 to 12 degrees, which is explained by the design features of the combine with an inertial rotary cutting machine, the ratio of speeds (circumferentially rotating the knife and translational-the movement of the machine) for small diameters of the head was – 1.8, and for large ones – 2.25. A large value ensures the overturning of the cabbage fork after pruning with a knife due to increased circumferential speed. For practical purposes, a large value is recommended, i.e. 2.25.

The article presents the results of creating a system for processing a set of points located on the map. The created system of algorithms will speed up the creation of a flight mission and apply drones to different types of tasks: from monitoring the state of fields to photographing various objects. The results obtained were applied in a real task.

Introduction. Modern trends in automation and digitalization involve the use of drones. Scanning objects or territories allows you to monitor their condition. In this study, attention is paid to the analysis of power transmission lines, which is an important task for maintaining the stable operation of agricultural enterprises. Various algorithms are used for high-quality performance of tasks by unmanned aerial vehicles.

Object. The object of research is the automation of the construction of a flight mission for UAVs.

Materials and methods. The data received from the customer on the location of power lines were clustered by the Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBScan) algorithm. For each cluster, a graph with a minimum length of faces was created using the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm. The route was built using the depth-first search algorithm (DFS).

Results and conclusions. The developed system of algorithms allows to automate the process of creating a flight mission and has sufficient versatility for use in various tasks of scanning objects and territories. The described results were presented to UAV testers and pilots, who appreciated the user-friendliness of the work and gave positive feedback.