Применение микроволнового излучения для предпосевной обработки семян (обзор)

Актуальность. Одним из эффективных физических способов предпосевной обработки семян является воздействие микроволнового электромагнитного излучения.

Цель исследования – обзор и критический анализ научных публикаций, посвященных применению микроволнового излучения для предпосевной обработки семян с целью определения перспектив его использования в сельском хозяйстве.

Материалы и методы. Выполнен обзор научной литературы по заявленной теме за 2013-2023 гг. Выполнение исследования состояло из следующих этапов: поиск научной литературы, ее оценка и отбор, синтез данных и их анализ.

Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что, хотя интенсивная обработка семян микроволновым излучением вызывает стресс, его применение в малых дозах мощности или в течение краткого времени вызывает эффект стимулирования прорастания. Предпосевная обработка микроволновым излучением улучшает всхожесть семян, энергию прорастания и рост проростков. Действие микроволнового излучения изменяет химический состав семян растений, активирует в них синтез ферментов, способствуя их лучшему прорастанию.

Выводы. Наиболее перспективным направлением исследований предпосевной обработки семян микроволновым излучением является экспериментальное определение таких параметров, которые одновременно обеспечат как стимулирование их прорастания, так и обеззараживание, а возможно, и последующую устойчивость сельскохозяйственных растений к абиогенным стрессам.

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