The article presents the results of a comparative bioenergetic assessment of grain crops in the mountainous landscapes of the Chechen Republic.
Introduction. Increasing soil fertility is possible only through improving the system of agriculture and crop rotations, which should be based on agroecological principles, providing simultaneously with ensuring high productivity, reproduction of soil fertility, obtaining environmentally friendly products and preserving the environment. Therefore, the development and implementation of optimal crop rotations and basic tillage techniques based on modern working bodies is relevant today.

Objects of research. Crops of winter and spring wheat, spring barley, chickpeas.

Materials and methods. Research on the study of bioenergetic assessment of grain cultivation in four crop rotations and two plots with permanent crops of winter wheat and spring barley was carried out for five years from 2017 to 2021 in the steppe zone on a mountainous landscape in LLC Agrovin-Sultan of the Shelkovsky district of the Chechen Republic.

Results and conclusions. The highest yield of winter wheat of 3.89 t/ha was established in a two-field crop rotation, that is, by 2.20 t/ha, or 130% more in comparison with permanent sowing. The highest yield of spring barley in the experiment on a flat landscape of 3.38 t/ha was established in a five-field crop rotation, which turned out to be 1.47 t/ha, or 77% more compared to permanent sowing. The highest yield of spring wheat was formed in the five-field crop rotation and amounted to 3.18 t/ha. When cultivating winter wheat in a two-field crop rotation, the energy efficiency coefficient was the highest and amounted to 4.20 units. The coefficient of energy efficiency in the cultivation of spring barley in permanent crops was 2.13 units. When cultivating spring barley in a five-field crop rotation, the energy efficiency coefficient was the highest and amounted to 3.77 units. When cultivating spring wheat in the four–field crop rotation "black steam – winter wheat - spring wheat - spring barley", the energy efficiency coefficient was 3.52 units. When cultivating spring wheat in the five–field crop rotation "black steam – winter wheat – spring wheat – chickpeas – spring barley", the energy efficiency coefficient increased to 3.59 units. When cultivating chickpeas on a flat landscape in a five-field crop rotation "black steam – winter wheat – spring wheat – chickpeas – spring barley", the energy efficiency coefficient was 3.47 units.

The article presents calculations of the economic efficiency of cultivating sugar sorghum in the conditions of the Volgograd region. Research on the cultivation of sugar sorghum is carried out with dump and zero tillage, as well as with the use of mineral fertilizers and a biostimulator of growth. The results of the study found that the greatest profitability was on the hybrid Slavic household.
Introduction. The amount of profit is greatly influenced by crop yield, cost and selling price. There is an inverse relationship between yield and cost, cost and profitability. The higher the yield, the lower the cost. The lower the cost, the higher the profitability.

Object. The object of the study is sugar sorghum.

Materials and methods. Field research was conducted in LLC AKH "Kuz-netsovskaya" Ilovlinsky district of the Volgograd region. The assessment of economic efficiency was carried out at actual costs using a technological map, according to the recommendations of Kashinskaya E.N. et al.

Results and conclusions. When calculating the economic efficiency of cultivating sugar sorghum, the most cost-effective indicators were on the Slavyansk household hybrid. For dump tillage, production costs for all variants of the experiment varied on average from 45450 to 52750 rubles/ha. The profitability of the Debut variety varied between 30...50%. On the hybrid, the Slavic household amounted to 101...124%. The highest profitability was shown by the option using the biostimulator of growth Lignohumate 1%, which was used to treat seeds before sowing. For zero tillage, production costs were lower than for dump processing. This is due to the least amount of mechanized operations in the field. The Slavyanskoe Priusadebnoe variety showed average profitability data, compared with the Debut variety and the Slavyanskoe Priusadebnoe hybrid. According to this tillage, the profitability of the Slavyanskoye Priusadebnoe hybrid varied between 130 and 156%. Also, this hybrid had the highest yield.

The results of growing varieties of medium-ripened potatoes in light chestnut soil on drip irrigation are presented. Promising options have been identified that contribute to the formation of high yields of the studied crop.

Introduction. Etching potato tubers is one of the most effective methods of controlling some potato pests and diseases. The primary problem before modern farmers is the wire that is harmful to potato plantings. Wire worms, which live in the soil of the larvae of nutcracker beetles, are a serious threat to global agricultural production.

Object. Vineta variety potatoes.

Materials and methods. For a number of years, scientists from farmers of the Caspian Agricultural Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been doing a lot of work to identify and eliminate the consequences of potato planting by a wire. Studies were carried out at the irrigated land use site of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "PAFNC RAS" in the period from 2021 to 2023. In the experience, generally accepted agricultural equipment was used in accordance with zonal recommendations for the Lower Volga region when cultivating early potatoes. Appropriate studies and measurements were performed in accordance with the requirements of the field experience method and the methods of studies on potato culture. In the course of the work, an optimized system for protecting potato plantings is proposed and parameters for the economic effectiveness of protective measures are given. In the course of research, the effect of newgeneration drugs Klubneshchit, Prestige, CS and Metarizin on the number of wireworm was assessed.

Results and conclusions. On average, when analyzing Vineta early potato tubers, it was found that the samples presented were mainly with weak and medium damage to 1-2 holes as a result of the use of this plant protection scheme. The results of economic efficiency made it possible to identify a highly profitable option with an irrigation rate of 5200 m3/ha and with additional sediment treatment with Klubneshchit, the CS which showed very high indicators of commercial yield of 59.1 t/ha. Net income per 1 ha amounted to 1033.1 thousand rubles/ha. The profitability indicator at such values was at the level of 232.5%.

The purpose of the research was to develop elements of the technology of cultivation of seed hemp to obtain a stable and high-quality fiber harvest.
Introduction. Seed hemp, with its multipurpose use, is one of the main sources of fiber or hemp, since the proportion of stems in a hemp plant is 60%, and the amount of fiber in them reaches 28-32%, which is 10 times stronger than cotton. A wide range of manufactured products from technical hemp fiber makes this crop very promising for representatives of the agricultural business. But in order to fully realize its biological potential, it is necessary to introduce modern elements of cultivation technology. One of these methods is the lowcost foliar top dressing in various phases of plant development with environmentally friendly preparations in low concentrations. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to develop elements of the technology of cultivation of seed hemp to obtain a stable and high-quality fiber harvest.

Object of research is the seed variety Surskaya.

Materials and methods. Studies to determine the effectiveness of foliar processing of seed hemp were carried out at Konoplex Penza LLC in 2019-2021 on leached chernozem according to generally accepted methods. The quality of the fiber, having previously separated it from the bonfire, was determined according to GOST 9993-2014 (GOST 9993-74) "Short hemp. Technical specifications" with changes 1 and 2.

Results and conclusions. Due to the effect of interaction of factors, the highest yield of stems of 8.50 t/ha was obtained from foliar treatments of hemp in the phase of three pairs of real leaves, followed by budding with preparations of K-Humate-Na with trace elements and Agree's "Magnesium", affecting the accumulation of fiber in the stems up to 27.8%, providing at the same time, its maximum yield is 2.37 t/ha. A noticeable effect on the breaking load of the fiber, which amounted to 30.0 kgf, was exerted by double foliar

Introduction. In contemporary agricultural conditions, achieving consistently high yields of grain crops poses challenges attributable not only to the organizational and economic circumstances of specific farms but also, primarily, to shifts in weather patterns toward increased aridity. The Ryazan region, situated within a zone characterized by sufficient yet unstable moisture, has witnessed a decade marked by annual occurrences of atmospheric and soil droughts, coupled with hot winds. These climatic conditions have resulted in the impediment of plant growth and development. This article, founded on a two-year research endeavor, evaluates the impact of drought and elevated temperatures on the progression of key phases throughout the growing season and the productivity metrics of oats – an overarching objective of this research.

Object. The object of research are oats.

Materials and methods. Triennially, in the autumn season, organic fertilizer derived from animal waste (patent No. 2784389 C1 from 2022) was applied to enhance the fertility of leached chernozem at LAG AGRO-Service LLC in the Zakharovsky district of the Ryazan region. The research employed widely accepted methods and technologies for cultivating oats. A newly developed oat variety, Bulany, tailored for the region's climate zone, was utilized. Hydrothermal coefficients, as per Selyaninov, did not exceed one in both years, indicating drought conditions.

Results and conclusions. The research elucidates the impact of dry periods during the year on the growth and development of oats. The year 2022, characterized by a delay in the phenological phases of oat plant development by 3 days, proved to be more unfavorable. In comparison to 2021, the weight of 1000 grains decreased by 11%, and the number of grains in a panicle decreased by 3.6%. Consequently, the crop yield experienced a reduction of 9.7% in 2022. The quality of grains, as indicated by the protein content, was also lower in 2022 by 0.3%.

The scientific publication reports the results of a comparative analysis of promising millet varieties based on biometric traits and yield in competitive variety testing, demonstration sowing and the collection of the VIR of the Volgograd region.

Abstract Introduction. The selection of modern varieties is considered the most important component of agricultural technology for increasing the production of millet grain.

Object. Samples and varieties of millet that were evaluated in the VIR collection, competitive variety testing and demonstration nursery.

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on chestnut heavy loamy soils, in which the arable layer contained 2.0-2.2 % humus. In the VIR collection, 5 samples of millet were studied: K9880 (Kharkovskoe 87, Ukraine), K10421 (Yubilein, Ukraine), K2049 (Turkey), K1643 (Iran) and K1565 (Azerbaijan). There are 5 varieties in the demonstration sowing: Diana and Kamyshinskoe Yubileinoe (FSC of Agroecology RAS), Kozatske (Ukraine), Kazachye (FSC of Legumes and Cereals), Zolotistoe (FANC of the South-East). In the competitive test – 3 samples: Diana [Saratovskoe yellow x (Saratovskoe 10 x Volgogradskoe 4)], M-81-67- 09 (K9980 x Kamyshinskoe 98) and [K8982 x (Sangvineum 7 x Saratovskoe 8)] x Saratovskoe 10. Saratov yellow (FANC South-East) was the standard.

Results and conclusions. In the competitive variety testing, the tallest millet plants were formed in the sample Kamyshinskoe 98 x K9980 (M-81-67-09) – 79.2 cm, the longest panicle and the largest number of internodes were observed in the sample (Volgogradskoe 4 x Saratovskoe 10) x Saratovskoe yellow (Diana), respectively 20.9 cm and 5.8 pieces. The same sample provided the highest yield – 1.31 t/ha. In the demonstration sowing, the tallest plants and the longest panicle were observed in the Zolotistoe variety, 89.0 and 27.9 cm, respectively. The largest number of internodes and yield were provided by the Diana variety, 5.8 pieces and 1.25 t/ha, respectively. In the VIR collection nursery, the maximum yield of millet was achieved in sample K9880 – 1.91 t/ha. The data collected as a result of scientific research presents the predicted success in growing Diana millet in the Volgograd region.

Introduction. The relevance of the research is due to the need to assess the current state of irrigated lands in order to identify the level of degradation processes in the agricultural landscapes of the Sarpinskaya Lowland.

An object. The object of research in the period 2015-2021. were test sites characterizing the main typological groups of landscapes (the “Perekrestnoe” test site on the territory of the Sostinsky landscape region, the “Nizovy” test site on the territory of the Priergeninsky landscape region, the “Oak Ravine” test site, located on the border of the Sarpinsky landscape region, the “Kuksun” test site on the territory of the Volgo -Sarpinsky landscape district; testing ground "Koryagin" on the territory of the Yuzhno-Sarpinsky landscape region; testing ground "Sarpa", located on the territory of the Sarpinsko-Davansky landscape region; testing ground "Volzhsky" on the territory of the Astrakhan landscape region, testing ground "Black Earth" on the territory of the Chernozemelsky landscape region district i).

Materials and methods. The condition of the land was assessed using spectral spatial images using geoinformation programs and image analysis tools. To determine the macrostructure of the plots, large-scale space maps were used based on high-resolution spatial images - from 0.4 to 1.0 m. The method of interpreting space images to analyze the spatial distribution of fields is based on visual and semi-automatic identification of field contours according to the characteristic features of agrocenosis processing, according to relatively homogeneous the color tone of crops and the presence of protective plantings and field roads [1].

Results and conclusions. Based on the data obtained and geoinformation analysis, the geostatistical characteristics of the identified 325 irrigation areas were calculated. It has been established that the areas of autonomous irrigation plots in the study area vary from 5.4 to 22108.0 hectares. The developed local GIS of irrigated lands in the Sarpinskaya Lowland makes it possible to conduct a detailed analysis of the structure and condition of fields, organize regular remote monitoring of soils, irrigation regimes, as well as identify the potential productivity and yield of cultivated crops.

The data on the response of a new F1 hybrid of winter rye Nemchinovsky 1 to agrotechnologies of different levels of intensification – basic, intensive and high-intensive at seed norms of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 million pieces/ha in the conditions of Central Non-Chernozem zone on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil are presented.

Introduction. The aim of flexible intensification of agricultural production is considered to be the fulfilment of ideal requirements for the realization of reproductive capacity of cultivated plant organisms by means of agro technical measures for the sake of grain production growth.

Object. F1 hybrid of winter rye Nemchinovsky 1.

Materials and methods. The work was carried out in 2020-2023 in FIC "Nemchinovka" (theme No. FGGE-2022-0005). Soil – sod-podzolic medium loamy, slightly acidic pHsol. 5,1-5,6. The content of mobile phosphorus corresponds to a high level (161-224 mg/kg), the content of mobile potassium is high (144-166 mg/kg). The crop rotation was chosen: occupied fallow (mustard siderate) – winter rye – spring wheat – sown peas. The following elements of agrotechnics were studied: A – seed rate of 1, 2 and 3 million seeds/ha; B – technologies of different levels of intensification.

Results and conclusions. In the wettest years 2020 and 2023 the amount of precipitation per month was 73-75 % more than the mean annual value of 85.8 mm, deficit of precipitation was observed in 2021 and 2022 by 36-64% of the norm. With increasing seed rate from 1.0 to 3.0 million seeds/ha, grain yield of F1 hybrid Nemchinovsky 1 increased. The best yield results during four years were provided in case of application of the standard of 3 million pieces/ha. The average yield was 6.96 t/ha for the basic technology, 7.95 t/ha for the intensive technology and 8.85 t/ha for the high-intensive technology. Reducing the seeding rate to 2 million reduced this indicator by 7.7-7.8% for all technologies, to 1 million pieces/ha – 13.8% for basic technology, 14.3- 14.5% – for high-intensive and intensive technologies. At the same time, cultivation of F1 hybrid Nemchinovsky 1 in technologies of different levels of intensity turned out to be economically favorable. Reducing the norm of seed material to 1.0 million pieces/ha and obtaining a smaller grain yield of 6.96 t/ha in the end still provided a return on 1 ruble of material costs of 1.12 ruble of yield per hectare.

Introduction. The main task of scientific support of fodder production is to expand the range of perennial leguminous crops, especially alfalfa. It is important to determine their productivity under different irrigation and soil nutrition regimes in order to select the most adapted species for use in irrigated agriculture in the Lower Volga region. This will make it possible to produce feeds with high feed values that can fully realize the genetic potential of perennial leguminous grasses. Developments in the cultivation of various types of alfalfa on irrigation, used in fodder production, make it possible to solve the problem of replenishing vegetable protein for agricultural animals while preserving and reproducing soil fertility and the ecological environment.

Object. The object of study is alfalfa, namely the species composition of alfalfa: blue-hybrid alfalfa (control); Yellow alfalfa and variegated alfalfa.

Materials and methods. These studies were carried out in the agro-climatic conditions of the Volgograd region, on light chestnut soils during irrigation at the experimental field of the Irrigated OPH in the period from 2018 to 2022.

Results and conclusions. One of the main reserves for increasing the production of high-quality and high-protein fodder is an increase in the share of leguminous grasses, increasing their yield by expanding the sowing of the most adapted and productive crops and species. As part of the study, the peculiarities of the influence of various irrigation regimes and doses of mineral fertilizers on the growth and development of alfalfa plants were studied. In particular, it was found that when using the NPK2 feed background (full calculated dose of mineral fertilizers) and maintaining the pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture at the level of 80% of the LV, water consumption for the formation of one ton of green mass of alfalfa is up to 67 m3/t. These indicators were slightly higher for yellow alfalfa – 81 m3/t. A comparative assessment of the yield of the studied species showed that the grass stands of alfalfa of blue and variegated hybrid species were distinguished in terms of productivity. With the creation of optimal growing conditions, maintaining soil moisture at the level of 80% HB (the highest moisture capacity) and improving the nutritional background through the use of fertilizers, these crops were able to provide a yield of green mass in the second year of life at the level of 90.6 t/ha, in the third year - 83.9 t/ha and in the fourth year – 72.1 t/ha. As for yellow alfalfa, its yield of green mass was 69 t/ha in the second year of life and 55.6 t/ha in the third year. Total water consumption (the amount of water used by plants) in grass stands of different ages varied depending on the water regime (irrigation method). It ranged from 60-70% of the lowest moisture capacity (pre-irrigation moisture threshold) of the soil and reached 80% of the LB. In accordance with this, the volume of water used ranged from 5,031 to 5,745 cubic meters per hectare. Positive water and nutritional regimes of the soil significantly affect the growth and development of the root system of alfalfa. Fertilization at a dose of NPK2 and maintaining a soil moisture level of at least 70% of the total moisture capacity contributes to an increase in root weight in the second and third years of plant life, compared to control plots, by 2.7 tons per hectare. On the variants with 80% HB, the increase in root mass was 3.4 t/ha. The main indicator of feed quality in the green mass of alfalfa is the nitrogen content, it varied: from 3.00 in yellow alfalfa to 3.58% in blue and variegated hybrid species. The digestible protein content in the biomass of blue-hybrid and variegated alfalfa was from 147 to 157 g/kg, and in yellow alfalfa 126-132 g. Improved soil water conditions helped to increase grass yields and store more energy. The energy efficiency coefficients in the control variants were up to 2.53 in crops with 60% HB moisture threshold, 2.66 – 70% HB, and 2.71 in the variants with 80% HB. Applying fertilizers with an NPK2 ratio and maintaining a soil moisture threshold of at least 80% of the lowest moisture capacity contributed to an increase in the energy efficiency factor to 4.30%.

The article presents data from laboratory and field experiments conducted on two biologically similar legume forage crops, Lucerne variable and annual white sweet clover. The research results showed that the studied crops responded positively to the use of the drug Mival-Agro. As a result of the study, it was found that these cultures do not respond equally to different concentrations of the drug. Especially at the initial stages of ontogenesis. The optimal concentration of the drug Mival-Agro was experimentally selected to increase the yield of forage and seeds of alfalfa and sweet clover in field conditions.

Introduction. Legumes have long been valued in agricultural production for their ability to produce plant products rich in crude protein and a positive effect on soil fertility. One of the most important forage crops in this regard was and remains – alfalfa. Feed made from its green mass is environmentally friendly and economical. The legume family also includes a less common type of herb – sweet clover. It is not only an excellent honey plant and phytomeliorate, but also a promising high-yielding forage crop. A promising way to increase the productivity of forage grasses is the use of new generation drugs, in particular Mival-Agro, which increase the mycotrophy of plants. Of particular interest is the study of the responsiveness of these crops to the use of the drug MivalAgro.

Object. The object of the study is two biologically similar legumes: variable alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.) variety – Izumruda and annual white sweet clover (Melilotus albus Medic) – Srednevolzhsky and their reaction to the use of the domestic silicone growth regulator Mival-Agro.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region in 2018–2021, on the experimental field of the Volga Research Institute of Breeding and Seed Production named after P.N. Konstantinov – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Povolzhsky NIISS – branch of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The establishment of nurseries and related observations were carried out according to the methods of testing forage crops.

Results and conclusions. The experience consisted of laboratory and field. Under laboratory conditions, the influence of the concentration recommended by the manufacturer MivalAgro, reduced and increased by 20%, was studied. The reduced concentration has a positive effect on root growth by lengthening by 2.5-4.7 mm, increasing germination by reducing hard seeds by 8.4%, in sweet clover and 5.0% in alfalfa. Under field conditions, the plants of the studied crops were treated according to the leaf with the established dosage – 64 mg per 1 ha of crops. The total forage yield of sweet clover in 2018 with the treatment of Mival-Agro significantly exceeded the control by 36.1%, in 2019 – 1.99 t/ha, in 2020 – was a minimum of 0.3 t/ha, and seed productivity was maximum with an increase in 120 kg/ha, in 2021 – 1.1 t/ha. The yield of the vegetative mass of alfalfa treated by Mival-Agro in the year of sowing was 8.8 t/ha, with an increase of 25.7%. Seed productivity was 41.2% higher than the control. In 2019, the forage mass of alfalfa exceeded the control by 24.3%, in the sum of two cuts, in 2020 by 14.0%, in 2021 – 11.1%. Seed productivity in 2019 was the highest during the study period, treatment with the drug increased the rate by 43.4%.

Introduction. Currently, with the development of the agro-industrial potential of Kalmykia, as well as, in general, Russia, it is impossible not to think about the development of a feed base for farm animals. Only the development of advanced agrotechnical techniques will not only make up for the shortage of agricultural products, but also multiply it, while preserving both soil fertility and the ecological balance of the environment. The cultivation of adaptive varieties and hybrids, more highly productive and more resistant to various diseases, is becoming increasingly relevant, but most crops are not fully tested and require further careful study and introduction into production. Sorghum crops have the greatest unpretentiousness and plasticity, are able to withstand extreme abiotic factors and lack of soil moisture, which happens very often in the Southern regions of our country. Under such conditions, sorghum crops have significant advantages over other forage crops and can become a basic crop in the production of feed.

Object. Ecological testing of four varieties of grain, sugar and herbaceous sorghum was carried out at the Agricultural Faculty of KalmSU.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the study of four varieties of grain, sugar and herbaceous sorghum at the educational and experimental field of KalmSU. The plots had a size: width 0.7 m, length 7 m, area 4.9 m2 each variant had 4 repetitions without seed treatment and 4 repetitions with seed treatment. Fertilizers were applied in doses of N60P40 and N90P60, the scheme of the experiment also included an option – without fertilizers. The seeding rate for the variants was 0.3 million germinating seeds per 1 ha. To study this issue of the expediency of using biological preparations for the growth and development of sugar sorghum, sorghum seeds were treated 1:30 before sowing. The flow rate of the working solution was 0.02-0.04 l/t.

Results and conclusions. The conducted analyses have shown that the green mass obtained from sorghum crops has quite good nutritional properties, thanks to the combined use of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers and biostimulants of growth. The content of crude protein in the dry mass without the use of biostimulants in the control ranged from 10.89 – 11.81%. The amount of protein content increased depending on the use of doses of fertilizers N60P60 – 10.95% and N90P90 – 11.09%.

Introduction. An important element in the technology of cultivation of various crops, including potatoes, contributing to the stimulation and stabilization of yield indicators corresponding to meteorological conditions, is the use of growth regulators and micronutrients in chelated form. The updated correction of the dynamics of plant growth and development, as well as the intensification of their adaptive capabilities with the help of growth stimulants and "chelates", which allow achieving high plant productivity, increases the resistance of plants to adverse agro-climatic factors, leads to an increase in the potential yield of crops.

Object. Potato varieties were studied: Utenok, Ivan da Marya, Arosa.

Materials and methods. Studies on the use of the drug Siliplant were conducted at an experimental experimental field site in 2021-2023 on the basis of the farm "Zvolinsky O. V." of the Chernoyarsk district of the Astrakhan region according to the wellknown method of B. A. Dospekhov (2011).

Results and conclusions. An analytical analysis of the obtained material showed that the use of an organomineral preparation is quite effective, it contributes to an increase in yield, at the control it was 27.8 t /ha. The double combined use of Siliplant led to an increase in yield equal to 48.9 t/ha, which is 21.1 t/ha more relative to the control yield. Growth regulators in the processing of vegetative plants have shown their effectiveness in potato cultivation technology. In this study, the chelated organomineral drug Siliplant was studied, the effect on crop yield, on the productive work of the leaf surface, as well as photosynthetic potential, promotes the growth and development of tubers.

Introduction. The problem of increasing grain production of both food and feed value is the most important task in ensuring the country's food security. Barley is the main grain crop. In solving this problem, along with improving the agrotechnics of its cultivation, the breeding of new varieties that are maximally adapted to local conditions plays an important role.

Object. Spring barley.

Materials and methods. Breeding of spring barley in the Orenburg region is carried out on a site located in the central zone of the region. The soil is ordinary chernozem, medium–sized, clay and heavy loamy. The humus content is 4.2-6.0%. 385 mm of precipitation falls per year, 152 mm in May-August. The sum of temperatures above 10°C is 2560°C. Breeding nurseries are placed according to the predecessor – black steam. Agricultural cultivation techniques recommended for this zone. The main method of work was the classical method of stepwise hybridization followed by directed individual selection. The crosses involve mainly their local material, as well as samples from the world collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. After the reproduction of the resulting hybrids, the breeding process proceeds according to the classical scheme.

Results and conclusions. Recently, a new variety of spring barley Lekar 3 has been transferred to the state variety testing, which in the competitive test of the 2nd year exceeds the standard variety Natalie in yield and grain type. The new variety, in comparison with the standard, reduces the cost of 1 ton of grain by 410 rubles, increases the profit from 1 ha by 2025 rubles, and increases the level of profitability by 16%.

The calculated characteristics of the relief of the Sarpinsky Lakes make it possible to establish the likelihood of land degradation from the effects of water erosion for planning and carrying out anti-erosion protection of agricultural landscapes.

Abstract Introduction. The high proportion of agricultural landscapes and the active manifestation of degradation processes actualize the need to assess the landscape and ecological conditions of agricultural lands in the northern part of the Ergeninsky upland. Relief is the most important factor influencing erosion-hydrological processes, soil losses, and productivity of agrocenoses. The assessment of relief indicators with pronounced landscape heterogeneity of the region will contribute to the planning and design of sustainable erosively safe agroforestry landscapes and the preservation of soil fertility of agricultural lands.

Object. The object of research is the catchment basin of the Sarpinsky Lakes.

Materials and methods. Within the boundaries of the northern part of the Ergeninsky upland, the Sarpinsky Lakes catchment area of 214.3 thousand hectares, occupying 25% of the research region territory was allocated. The novelty of the study was the use of geoinformation mapping of the relief based on photogrammetric analysis of catchment areas satellite images. To study the geomorphological characteristics of the territory, Landsat 8, 9 satellite survey data and SRTM 3 data were used.

Results and conclusions. The catchment basin of the Sarpinsky Lakes does not have significant permanent watercourses. The average steepness of the slopes is 1,40°, the maximum angles reach 12°. Territories with a height range from 60 to 80 m occupy about 19% of the catchment area, 80-100 m – 22%, 100-120 m – 27%. About 70% of the catchment area has a slope steepness of up to 1°, surfaces with a steepness of 1-2° occupy 23.2% of the area, 2-30° – about 5%. The northern exposure slopes occupy 42.4% of the catchment area, the southern – 25.4%, the eastern – 23.9%, and the western – 8.3%. An assessment of the economic development of these lands is given. An assessment of the economic development of these lands is given. Electronic thematic maps of elevations, slope angles and slope exposures allowing for design work on forest reclamation of agricultural landscapes have been developed. The use of remote sensing data and geoinformation technologies makes it possible to assess the current state of components and to carry out thematic mapping. As a result, the efficiency of planning and designing sustainable and productive agroforestry landscapes and anti-erosion forest reclamation of catchment areas increases.

The aim of the research was to reveal the current global progress and landmark results in the field of preventing the negative effects of desertification and degradation. The research objectives included: obtaining materials from public access data from various search engines (Web of Science Core Collections, Scopus) and their classification, describing the results and summarizing the main successes and significant achievements.

Materials and methods. A polysystem methodological approach was used to search and synthesize information. The study is based on a structured review of modern world scientific research, from which it is possible to highlight knowledge about the current development of global trends in the field of driving factors of desertification and degradation, as well as ways and methods of their prevention.

Results and conclusions. There are four main research areas: 1) the main driving forces of desertification and degradation; 2) remote sensing of the Earth from space and digitalization of desertification monitoring; 3) the role of biotechnologies in eliminating and preventing degradation and desertification processes; 4) global, regional and national programs in the field of solving climate problems, restoring and preserving biodiversity. The driving mechanism of desertification under the complex influence of an extremely dry climate and intensive human activity is considered based on the analysis of modern data. Much attention was paid to regions where there is rapid population growth, which relies mainly on natural resources as a source of livelihood. A global strategy for planning the restoration of degraded and desolate lands in arid, subarid and dry subhumid regions is presented. The modern nature and mechanism of desertification risk management to increase the stability of disturbed ecosystems are shown.

The aim of the research was to reveal the current global progress and landmark results in the field of preventing the negative effects of desertification and degradation. The research objectives included: obtaining materials from public access data from various search engines (Web of Science Core Collections, Scopus) and their classification, describing the results and summarizing the main successes and significant achievements.

Materials and methods. A polysystem methodological approach was used to search and synthesize information. The study is based on a structured review of modern world scientific research, from which it is possible to highlight knowledge about the current development of global trends in the field of driving factors of desertification and degradation, as well as ways and methods of their prevention.

Results and conclusions. There are four main research areas: 1) the main driving forces of desertification and degradation; 2) remote sensing of the Earth from space and digitalization of desertification monitoring; 3) the role of biotechnologies in eliminating and preventing degradation and desertification processes; 4) global, regional and national programs in the field of solving climate problems, restoring and preserving biodiversity. The driving mechanism of desertification under the complex influence of an extremely dry climate and intensive human activity is considered based on the analysis of modern data. Much attention was paid to regions where there is rapid population growth, which relies mainly on natural resources as a source of livelihood. A global strategy for planning the restoration of degraded and desolate lands in arid, subarid and dry subhumid regions is presented. The modern nature and mechanism of desertification risk management to increase the stability of disturbed ecosystems are shown.

The aim of the research was to reveal the current global progress and landmark results in the field of preventing the negative effects of desertification and degradation. The research objectives included: obtaining materials from public access data from various search engines (Web of Science Core Collections, Scopus) and their classification, describing the results and summarizing the main successes and significant achievements.

Materials and methods. A polysystem methodological approach was used to search and synthesize information. The study is based on a structured review of modern world scientific research, from which it is possible to highlight knowledge about the current development of global trends in the field of driving factors of desertification and degradation, as well as ways and methods of their prevention.

Results and conclusions. There are four main research areas: 1) the main driving forces of desertification and degradation; 2) remote sensing of the Earth from space and digitalization of desertification monitoring; 3) the role of biotechnologies in eliminating and preventing degradation and desertification processes; 4) global, regional and national programs in the field of solving climate problems, restoring and preserving biodiversity. The driving mechanism of desertification under the complex influence of an extremely dry climate and intensive human activity is considered based on the analysis of modern data. Much attention was paid to regions where there is rapid population growth, which relies mainly on natural resources as a source of livelihood. A global strategy for planning the restoration of degraded and desolate lands in arid, subarid and dry subhumid regions is presented. The modern nature and mechanism of desertification risk management to increase the stability of disturbed ecosystems are shown.

Introduction. Possessing high drought and heat tolerance, chickpeas provide more stable yields compared to other leguminous crops. Stable high market conditions for its grain make this crop economically attractive for many farms in the Lower Volga region. However, the relatively low yield of chickpeas forces scientists to search for effective methods to increase the productivity of this crop. The emergence of new brands of mineral fertilizers on the market contributes to the study of this urgent problem.

Purpose of research. Evaluation of the effectiveness of pre-sowing application of various forms of complex fertilizers on the yield of chickpeas on light chestnut soils. Object. The object of the study was the chickpea variety Volzhanin.

Materials and methods. In accordance with the stated goal and objectives of the study, a scheme of field experiment for applying mineral fertilizers to chickpeas was developed, including the following options: 1). APAVIVA NP 12:52; 2). APAVIVA NP(S) 20:20(14); 3). APAVIVA NPK(S) 15:15:15(10); 4). APAVIVA NPK(S) 8:19:29(3); 5). APAVIVA NPK(S) 10:20:20(6); 6). APAVIVA NPK(S) 8:24:24(3). Place of the experiment: Volgograd region, Gorny settlement, crop rotation plot in the Innovation Village National Democratic Institution of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. Agrochemical characteristics: the soil of the experimental plot is light chestnut, heavy loamy, humus 1.7%, pH level 7.5. Content of ammonium nitrogen (NH4) – 5.5 mg/kg, nitrate nitrogen (NO3) – 12.5 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus (P2O5) – 40.8 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium (K2O) – 338 mg/kg soil. Conducting a small-plot field experiment (plot size – 20 m2, option - 80 m2). Total experience area: 480 m2. Repetition – 4 times. The previous crop was spring barley, after harvesting which deep moldboard plowing at 0.25-0.27 m with a PN – 4 – 35 plow was used as the main soil treatment.

Results and conclusions. During research on the application of mineral fertilizers, it was found that the height of plants according to the experimental options ranged from 29.7 to 31.7 cm on the options NP(S) 20:20(14), NPK(S) 10:20:20(6 ), NPK(S) 15:15:15(10), plants were taller than on the variants NP 12:52, NPK(S) 8:24:24(3) and NPK(S) 8:19:29( 3) by 1-2 cm, respectively. The number of formed beans in the NPK(S) 8:24:24(3) variant was maximum – 28 pieces. on variants NPK(S) 10:20:20(6), NPK(S) 15:15:15(10) the number of beans decreased to 27 and the smallest number was formed on variants NP(S) 20:20(14), NPK (S) 8:19:29(3), NP 12:52 – 26, 25 and 24 pieces, respectively. The number of grains per plant for all experimental variants did not differ significantly from 29 to 31 pieces. but the grain weight was different, which in turn affected the yield. The maximum yield was recorded in the NPK(S) 8:19:29(3) option – 2.47 t/ha. On the NPK(S) 15:15:15(10) and NP 12:52 options, the yield decreased to 2.32 and 2.24 t/ha. The lowest rates of less than 2 t/ha were observed in the variants NPK(S) 8:24:24(3), NP(S) 20:20(14), NPK(S) 10:20:20(6) – 1.97, 1.93 and 1.87 t/ha, respectively. Pre-sowing application of NP 12:52, NPK(S) 15:15:15(10), NPK(S) 8:19:29(3) at a dose of 150 kg/ha helps to obtain a yield of 2.24 to 2.47 tons /ha with production profitability from 197 to 242%.

The article discusses the morphological parameters of annual apple seedlings in the technology of growing them using biologically active fertilizer "Biagum", prepared on the basis of bird droppings. The results of the study show that the rational dose of fertilizer application during planting is 2 t/ha, but during the correlation analysis it was found that the growth rates of seedlings significantly depend on the apple variety, the studied varieties differ significantly in terms of growth rates depending on the doses of fertilizer application.

Introduction. One of the conditions for effectiveness when planting orchards is the use of high-quality planting material, and an important mechanism for influencing their growth is the application of both organic and mineral fertilizers. The desire to get a faster response from seedlings and ignorance of the consequences of excessive application of fertilizer leads to an unreasonable increase in application rates. In addition to economic inexpediency, there is also an environmental side of the problem; uncontrolled application of fertilizers can disrupt the mineral balance of the soil and negatively affect the productivity of the ecosystem. The way to increase growth and obtain environmentally friendly products is the rational use of fertilizers, with strict adherence to doses, timing and methods of application.

Materials and methods. When conducting research, a systematic approach was used to study the influence of soil conditions on the development of apple tree seedlings using generally accepted methods of conducting experiments: the morphology of fruit and berry plants and methods for studying it, accounting for plant development, guidelines for diagnosing the mineral nutrition of apple trees and other horticultural crops. According to the program and methodology, when planting experimental plots with annual apple tree seedlings, an analysis of the initial state of nutrients and morphological parameters of the plant was carried out. Recording and recording of indicators of growth and increase in the diameter of the root collar was carried out once every 14 days, with the results being recorded in an observation log.

Object of study: annual apple tree seedlings of three varieties on a pome rootstock on sod-podzolic loamy cultivated soil with various doses of organic fertilizer Biagum.

Purpose of the study: to establish the dependence of the influence of different doses of biologically active organic fertilizer Biagum on the morphological parameters of annual fruit seedlings.

Results. Research has shown that the survival rate of annual apple tree seedlings at all doses was 100%; during a phytosanitary analysis, it was established that the planting material is not susceptible to disease and can be used in further research. It has been established that the greatest increase in the height of seedlings in all apple tree varieties is observed at a fertilizer dose of 2 t/ha; the yield of first grade seedlings according to GOST – R 59653-2021 increased by 25% compared to the control.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in: identifying patterns of seedling development depending on the doses of fertilizer applied. Conclusions. It has been established that the use of organic fertilizer Biagum has the greatest effect on annual apple tree seedlings of the “Autumn Striped” variety at a fertilizer dose of 2 t/ha. For the Antonovka variety, the greatest increase was obtained in the indicator “rootstock diameter” at 1 t/ha. application of fertilizers. The Biagum fertilizer has the least effect on seedlings of the “Ladoga” variety; the growth is lower than that of the control variant, and the “Autumn Striped” variety has the greatest effect.

The article presents collectible varieties of spring barley of different ecological and geographical origin, their productivity elements are studied and optimal economically valuable signs are determined in the conditions of light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region.

Introduction. Scientific research and data analysis were conducted at the Caspian Agricultural Research Center of the Astrakhan region. In order to identify valuable introduced varieties of spring barley with optimal indicators of economically valuable characteristics and high adaptive capabilities to the conditions of the arid climate of the Northwestern Caspian region.

Materials and methods of research. The experience was based on the methodology of B. A. Dospekhov. The breeding work in the experiment was carried out according to the "Methodological guidelines for the study and preservation of the world collection of barley and oats". The predecessor is an early steam.

Results and conclusions. As a result of the study of introduced varieties of spring barley, the most productive samples with high economically valuable characteristics were identified. By the number of productive stems – Pervotselinnik, Gutter, Vladimir; by the length of the ear – T-12, Yuzhny, Dneprovsky 103; by the number of grains – Dneprovsky 103, Etiquette, Pervotselinnik, Gutter, Yuzhny and Nutans 108; by the weight of grain from the ear – Pervotselinnik, Gift of Siberia, Wanderer; by the weight of 1000 seeds and yields – Pervotselinnik, Gift of Siberia, Vladimir, Ataman, Maritime, Sloop sa, Gutter, Wanderer, Mamluk, Magutny.

Introduction. Over the past decades, one of the main tasks solved by the Russian livestock industry has been increasing the production of dairy and meat raw materials, as a guarantor of the country's food security. An important role is given to domestic breeds of cattle, which include the Red Steppe breed, since it has not only a unique adaptability to local environmental conditions, but also a long period of economic use. In this regard, it seems relevant to study the possibility of increasing its productivity and quality indicators of milk by including lactulose-containing additives in the diets of lactating cows.

Object. Red Steppe cows.

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on three groups of cows (control and two experimental), each of which consisted of 15 heads. The total number of animals in the experiment was 45. Animals included in the first group (control) received the basic diet (BD). Cows of the second group received BD + "Laktuvet-1" at a dose of 0.5% by weight of concentrated feed, and their peers of the third group received BD + "LactuSuper" – 0.5% by weight of concentrated feed. The experiment was carried out over a period of 194 days.

Results and conclusions. Feed additives "Laktuvet-1" and "LaktuSuper" have shown high efficiency in increasing milk production, improving metabolic processes occurring in the body of animals, and their physiological state. Cows receiving these additives produced on average, 1 liter more milk daily; their milk contained significantly more dry matter, total protein, and casein. The introduction of feed additive “LactuSuper” into the diets of lactating cows made it possible to obtain more cottage cheese from their milk compared to group I by 6.14% (Р≤0,01) and group II – by 3.89% (Р≤0,05) with minimal milk expenditure.

The studies examined the effect of different dosages of the feed additive “Krezacin” in diets on the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in calves during the dairy growing period. The results of the experiment indicated that diet with this supplement in optimal quantities helps improve the metabolism of minerals: calcium and phosphorus in their body. It has been established that when using the feed additive “Krezacin” when feeding young animals at a dose of 15 mg/kg calf weight calcium retention in the body increased by 10.15%, and phosphorus – by 6.21%, which has a beneficial effect on the growth and development of calves when they are raised during the dairy period.

Introduction. Successful rearing of calves during the milking period depends on the organization of feeding, based on the achievements of modern zootechnical science. It is important to consider that calves during the milk growing period need sufficient amounts of minerals, necessary to ensure their optimal deposition in the body, and an indicator of the biological value of any feed or diet is the degree to which calcium and phosphorus are used in the body. Therefore, studying the metabolism of these mineral elements is very necessary, especially in connection with the effect of various feed additives on the animal’s body, having the properties of supporting immunity, antioxidant protection, enzyme activity, enhancing metabolism and increasing productivity. However, the effectiveness of using the feed additive “Krezacin” in the organization of adequate feeding of dairy calves has not yet been sufficiently studied. The influence of its various dosages in the diet of dairy calves has not been studied on the exchange of calcium and phosphorus in their body.

Materials and methods. Against the background of scientific and economic experience at “Niva” LLC of the Republic of Mordovia a balance experiment was carried out on young cattle according to the generally accepted VIZH method. For experience from each experimental group three heads of identical calves of the black-and-white breed were selected. During the exchange experiment, the same conditions of feeding and keeping animals were performed, as in scientific and economic experience. The study examined the effect of different dosages of the feed additive “Krezacin” in diets on the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in calves during the dairy growing period.

Results and conclusions. The data obtained in the experiment showed that the diet with this additive in the optimal amount helps improve the metabolism of minerals: calcium and phosphorus in their body. Installed that when using the feed additive "Krezacin" when feeding young animals at a dose of 15 mg/kg calf weight calcium retention in the body increased by 2.41 g or 10.15%, and phosphorus by 0.73 g or 6.21%, respectively, which has a beneficial effect on the growth and development of calves when growing them during the dairy period.

The article analyzes factors that are not taken into account in practical selection, but have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the assessment and use of both sires and breeding stock. One of these factors that directly affects the reproductive qualities of cows is the sex of the offspring.

Introduction. The work is devoted to the analysis of factors that are not taken into account in practical selection, but have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the assessment and use of both sires and breeding stock. One of these factors that directly affect the reproductive qualities of cows is the sex of the offspring.

Object. The object of the research is the results of the assessment of three bulls of the RedMotley Holstein breed, used to enrich the gene pool of the Red Steppe breed in terms of productive and reproductive indicators of 263 daughters who lactated under the same conditions and at the same time.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the PR agricultural production complex “Lenintsy” in the Maysky district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

Results and conclusions. According to research results, out of 141 daughters of the sire Giovani 45013, 95 gave birth to bulls and 46 to heifers. In general, the average milk yield of heifer mothers during the first lactation was 5014.9 kg and was slightly, by 27.3 kg, higher than that of bull mothers of the same age. Of the 9 fathers of mothers of daughters, the offspring of 3 stud bulls Arzamas 8815, Tibul 26849 and Iman 314 calved bulls, significantly, respectively, by 862.3; 523.4 and 342.7 kg, were superior to their peers who calved heifers. Somewhat different results were established when assessing the sire Paradise 1061, of whose 71 daughters 47 calved bulls, the milk yield of their mothers significantly (+661.6 kg) exceeded the milk yield of their peers who were mothers of heifers. A slight (+69.3 kg) superiority in the milk yield of mothers of bulls was also established based on the results of an assessment of the sire Pigeon 1270. As for the duration of the service period, at the birth of heifers in the offspring of the bull Giovani 45013, it turned out to be on average 26.3 days longer, and in the offspring of the remaining bulls, they are, respectively, 7.0 and 5.6 days longer at the birth of bulls. Taking into account the sex of the offspring and the genotype of mothers and daughters significantly increases the effectiveness of the assessment and the possibility of differentiated use of bulls.

This article presents the results of studying the effectiveness of the use of lupine grains in the diet for dairy cows. The experiment was carried out in the conditions of JSC AGROFIRMA VOSTOK in the Nikolaevsky district of the Volgograd region. Studies have established the positive effect of lupine grain on the dairy productivity of cows and their hematological parameters.

Introduction. The modern structure of the global food system leads to food shortages, since a significant part of the resources used in feeding farm animals are consumed by humans. In this regard, it is necessary to search for alternative feed products that do not differ in nutritional value from traditional feeds.

The aim of the study was to study the effect of partial or complete replacement of full–fat soy with lupine grain on hematological parameters and dairy productivity of cows and the quality of milk obtained from them.

Object. The object of the study was dairy cows of the Ayrshire breed. Materials and methods. At a dairy enterprise (JSC AGROFIRMA VOSTOK of the Nikolaevsky district of the Volgograd region). A scientific and economic experiment was conducted on dairy cows. The distinctive features were only in the feeding rations, the cows of the control group received the main diet with full-fat soy, 1-, 2- and 3-experimental groups - the main diet, in which lupine was partially or completely introduced instead of soy (50, 75 and 100% of the weight of soy in the mixed feed of cows from the control group).

Results and conclusions. Daily milk yield (average for the experiment) in cows of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups increased by 1.07 kg, 1.53 kg and 1.94 kg as the lupine content in the diet increased compared with animals of the control group receiving full-fat soy as part of the diet. Based on the chemical analysis of milk, an advantage was revealed in the concentration of the mass fraction of fat, protein, lactose and minerals in cows of the experimental groups compared with the control, respectively, on 0,02-0,05 %, 0,03-0,04 %, 0,03-0,06 % and 0.02-0.07%. The morphological and biochemical blood parameters of cows of all four groups were within the normal range, which suggests that redox processes were taking place intensively in their body. At the same time, there was an increase in the blood of cows from the experimental groups in comparison with the control group of erythrocytes by 1.19-3.41%, hemoglobin by 2.99-6.31%, total protein by 2.13-2.60%, calcium by 1.85- 6.30%, phosphorus by 1.21-4.24%. Thus, our results showed that the use of lupine in the diet of dairy cows has a positive effect on hematological parameters, the amount of milk produced, while improving its nutritional value.

Introduction. The purpose of the study was a comparative assessment of the inheritance of the basic parameters of wool productivity when creating new lines in the hundred sheep of the Salian breed. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the analysis of the manifestation of the nature of inheritance of the main signs of productivity in merino sheep when crossing domestic breeds in a new combination.

The methodology. The assessment of inheritance of wool productivity was carried out on sheep and young sheep obtained by combining the genotypes of the Salskaya, Dzhalginsky merino and Russian meat merino breeds.

The results of the research. The authors consider the prospect of creating genetic constructs in Merino sheep breeding in order to improve the genetic structure of populations. The expansion of genetic diversity is achieved through the creation of synthetic lines. The material for this will be animals obtained as a result of the unification of the carriers of inheritance, different domestic breeds of sheep. According to the results of the assessment of the average wool shearing in the mother-daughter subgroups, it was found that the bright descendants from the CA+DM crossing by shearing in pure fiber had an advantage over the control (CA) of 10%. The bright 3 (CA+RMM) groups had the highest yield of pure wool – 58%. However, in terms of cutting clean wool, they were inferior to the group of control animals (CA) by almost 3%. The thinnest hair, both on the side and on the thigh, was in the second group (CA+DM). In relation to the first group (CA), this difference was 2.4%, and in relation to the 3rd group – 6.5%. The longest hair turned out to be in the bright 3 groups, whose fathers had hair less often, rougher and longer than their peers from the first and second groups. The difference between the brightness of groups 3 and 1 was 0.6 cm or almost 5.5%.

Conclusions. It was found that as a result of crossbreeding, crossbred animals showed an intermediate nature of inheritance of the main indicators of wool productivity. The crossbreeds of the Salian breed with the Dzhalgin merinos had higher cuts of finer wool. The crossbreeds of the Salsk breed with the Russian meat merino had lower shearing of wool with a large diameter of the cross-section of the hairs, but had the highest yield of pure wool.

Introduction. One of the main priorities of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation remains to increase the production of high-quality poultry products, including edible chicken eggs. However, there are a number of negative factors that limit the growth rate of production. Special importance is attached to the full-fledged feeding of highly productive poultry. Currently, the key factor underlying technological processes in industrial poultry farming remains the use of diets that are balanced in all important nutrients and biologically active substances and ensure satisfaction of physiological needs, contributing to high poultry productivity.

Materials and methods. Studies on poultry of the highly productive Haysex Brown cross were carried out in the conditions of the poultry farm of JSC Volzhskaya in the Volgograd region, Sredneakhtuba district, Zayar farm. The duration of scientific and economic experience on young chickens of an industrial herd was 120 days. The control group's poultry received a standard industrial diet. Pullets of the I – experimental group received a basic diet in which 50% of fullfat soy was replaced with protein concentrate "Agro-Matic", in the II – experimental group of chickens, full-fat soy was replaced in the diet with protein concentrate "Agro-Matic" by 75%, and in the III – group of experimental pullets, full-fat soy was replaced Agro-Matic protein concentrate is already 100%.

Results and conclusions. The increase in the digestibility of nutrients in the body of young chickens of experimental groups who received different levels of protein concentrate "Agro-Matic" as part of compound feeds was higher compared with control analogues. Thus, in the body of youngsters of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, compared with the control, the digestibility of dry matter was higher by 1.04%, 0.64% and 0.91%, organic matter – by 2.08%, 2.48% and 2.63%, crude protein – by 0.49%, 0.62% and 0.78%, crude fiber – by 0.58%, 0.66% and 0.78% and crude fat – by 0.12%, 0.22% and 0.31%. The average availability of amino acids from compound feed by the body of chickens of the experimental groups was also higher than that of control analogues by 0.34-0.71%. At the same time, the live weight also tended to increase in the I –, II – and III – experimental groups compared with the control by 0.83%, 1.63% and 2.25%. Thus, based on the conducted studies, it was revealed that the complete replacement of full-fat soy in the feed with protein feed concentrate "Agro-Мatic" contributed to better digestion of nutrients, digestibility of amino acids and an increase in the live weight of young animals.

Introduction. Increasing the productivity of animals and the realization of their genetic potential largely depends on a full-fledged balanced feeding, which can be ensured only when using various balancing additives, in particular premixes, as part of diets. At the same time, it is worth noting that the greatest effect from the use of premixes is observed when developing their formulations taking into account specific feeding and maintenance conditions. In this regard, it is relevant to study the effectiveness of the use of the targeted premix PremiumPremix KMC in feeding lactating cows.

Object of study. The object of the study was lactating cows of the Holstein breed.

Materials and methods. Scientific and economic experience in studying the effectiveness of the use of target premix in the diets of dairy cows was organized in the conditions of one of the enterprises of EkoNivaAgro LLC in the Voronezh region. For this purpose, 20 cows were selected according to the principle of analogues, randomly divided into 2 groups (control and experimental). The cows of the control group received a premix prepared according to the Gost recipe, the experimental group received a premix PremiumPremix KMK, 150 g per day per head. During the experiment, indicators of milk productivity, digestibility and nutrient utilization, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters of blood were studied.

Results and conclusions. For a more complete realization of the genetic potential, increasing productive indicators, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of feeding and keeping animals when developing premixes. The use of PremiumPremix KMK in cow diets allowed to increase the average daily milk yield by 5.61%, the percentage of fat in milk by 0.05%, protein in milk by 0.15%, while there was an increase in the level of digestibility of dry matter by 1.25%, crude protein by 1.56%, crude fat by 1.63%, crude fiber – by 1.08%. The analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters showed that cows consuming the studied premix had a more intensive metabolism, which had a positive effect on milk productivity.

Introduction. Increasing the productivity of animals and the realization of their genetic potential largely depends on a full-fledged balanced feeding, which can be ensured only when using various balancing additives, in particular premixes, as part of diets. At the same time, it is worth noting that the greatest effect from the use of premixes is observed when developing their formulations taking into account specific feeding and maintenance conditions. In this regard, it is relevant to study the effectiveness of the use of the targeted premix PremiumPremix KMC in feeding lactating cows.

Object of study. The object of the study was lactating cows of the Holstein breed.

Materials and methods. Scientific and economic experience in studying the effectiveness of the use of target premix in the diets of dairy cows was organized in the conditions of one of the enterprises of EkoNivaAgro LLC in the Voronezh region. For this purpose, 20 cows were selected according to the principle of analogues, randomly divided into 2 groups (control and experimental). The cows of the control group received a premix prepared according to the Gost recipe, the experimental group received a premix PremiumPremix KMK, 150 g per day per head. During the experiment, indicators of milk productivity, digestibility and nutrient utilization, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters of blood were studied.

Results and conclusions. For a more complete realization of the genetic potential, increasing productive indicators, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of feeding and keeping animals when developing premixes. The use of PremiumPremix KMK in cow diets allowed to increase the average daily milk yield by 5.61%, the percentage of fat in milk by 0.05%, protein in milk by 0.15%, while there was an increase in the level of digestibility of dry matter by 1.25%, crude protein by 1.56%, crude fat by 1.63%, crude fiber – by 1.08%. The analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters showed that cows consuming the studied premix had a more intensive metabolism, which had a positive effect on milk productivity.

The relevance is associated with the need to use new diets for growing highly productive modern crossbreed poultry. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the lactulose-containing additive “Laktuvet” (MK “Stavropolsky”) on economic and biological indicators, the physiological state and the intestinal microbiome of laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross.

Introduction. The relevance is associated with the need to use new diets for growing highly productive modern cross-breed poultry.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the lactulosecontaining additive “Laktuvet” (MK “Stavropolsky”) on economic and biological indicators, the physiological state and the intestinal microbiome of laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross.

Materials and methods. At the age of 25 weeks or the 1st phase of laying, using the method of pairs of analogues, 2 groups of laying hens were formed: control and experimental, 70 heads each. Molecular genetic studies of chicken intestinal microbiota were carried out at the research and production company Biotrof LLC, St. Petersburg. At the end of the study, mathematical processing of the results was performed using statistical methods and MS Excel. Object laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross and the prebiotic feed additive “Laktuvet”.

Results with the inclusion of 0.5% of the prebiotic feed additive “Laktuvet”, an increase in the gross yield and intensity of egg laying was established by 1.84 and 1.74%, respectively, and egg weight by 1.17 g (1.86%; P≤0.001). In the intestines of chickens of the experimental group, the number of microorganisms increased by 22.9%, including a 9-fold increase in the number of bacteria of the Phylum Actinobacteria category, and a 1.4-fold increase in microorganisms of the order Ruminococcaceae, which are responsible for the digestion and absorption of fiber; 1.8 times – Lactobacillales bacteria, the most important in the group of lactic acid bacteria, belonging to the class of symbiotics, responsible for the decomposition of plant food and suppressing the growth and development of pathogenic microflora.

Conclusion. The prebiotic feed additive "Laktuvet" in the amount of 0.5% in the diet of laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross has a positive effect on their economic and biological indicators, which confirms the direct relationship between the growth of economic and biological indicators of laying hens and the microbiological composition of the intestinal microbiome.

The article presents the results of research on the nutritive value of feed prepared from ears of grain crops of early ripeness stages. The results of the studies showed that the mid-wax ripeness stage is the best time for harvesting grain crops by ears for preparation of feed from their ears. Ears harvested without threshing are a means of increasing the nutritive value of fish feed due to the higher content of digestible protein.

Introduction. Interest in growing non-traditional grain ear crops and studying the possibility of their use during their harvesting in the early stages of ripeness as a raw material for the preparation of feed for omnivorous fish has recently increased.

The aim of the study was to determine the nutritive value of feed prepared from ears of cereal crops harvested in early ripeness stages and their suitability as raw material for the production of fish feed.

Materials and methods. Soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Indian dwarf winter wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum Percival) and Trititrigia (×Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvel) grown in 2022-2023 in the South of Rostov region of Russia were the objects of the study. Harvesting was carried out by combing without threshing the ears and separating the grain heap at different dates corresponding to different stages of maturity. Pelleted feed was made from grain heap of different harvesting dates. Chemical analysis of feed samples was performed according to standard methods.

Results and discussion. The mid-wax ripeness stage is the best harvesting time for ears of cereal crops, including Soft wheat, for preparation of feed from their ears, since in this stage they contain the maximum amount of protein, including essential amino acids, and the minimum amount of cellulose. Ears of Soft wheat at the mid-wax ripeness phase contain 14.86 % protein and 5.03% essential amino acids, of Indian dwarf wheat, respectively, 14.23 and 7.26 %, of Trititrigia – 18.21 and 7.46%. Indian dwarf wheat and Trititrigia have better quality of feed produced from their ears than winter soft wheat. The feed prepared from them has a higher protein and essential amino acid content and a better amino acid profile. This makes it possible to use these cereals in fish feed production to increase protein content. The disadvantage of these crops is a 10-12% higher cellulose content than that of soft wheat. Conclusions. Ears harvested without threshing in the mid-wax ripeness stage are a means of increasing the nutritive value of fish feed, including carp, because of the higher digestible protein content.

The article presents the results of a study of the efficiency of using land for the development of beef cattle and sheep breeding in the Kushchevsky district of the Krasnodar region in 2022. The results of the studies showed that the studied grass stands in the Kushchevsky district of the Krasnodar region are rich in floristic composition and are capable of fully providing animals with all nutrients, as well as macro- and microelements. To ensure the highest profitability from meat cattle in the highly rugged terrain of the studied natural meadows, it is recommended to give preference to Hereford, Aberdeen Angus or Kazakh white-headed cattle breeds.

Introduction. To ensure feeding, walking, and increasing productivity, grazing of farm animals is necessary. To identify suitable areas for this, it is necessary to first conduct a survey of natural feeding grounds. pasture grass is a complete feed in all respects, capable of satisfying the full needs of all farm animals. This is true for pastures with a diverse botanical composition. In this regard, it became necessary to analyze the current state of natural meadows in various climatic zones of the Kuban and develop recommendations for their improvement and possible load of beef cattle and sheep.

Object. The object of research is the grass stand of natural meadows and pastures in the Kushchevsky district of the Krasnodar region.

Materials and methods. The paper presents the results of a study of the efficiency of using land for the development of beef cattle and sheep breeding in the Krasnodar region. In the Kushchevsky district of the Krasnodar region in 2022, an analysis of climatic conditions was carried out as the main factor in the productivity of natural hayfields and pastures. The reserve of productive moisture in a meter layer of soil at the beginning of the active growing season in the Kushchevsky district (Northern zone) of the Krasnodar region was 150-165 mm. In the surveyed area of the Krasnodar region, taking into account the average temperature graphs, the duration of the grazing period equal to 200 days from April 15 to November 1 is justified. The accepted duration of the stall period is 165 days. An analysis of the species composition of the grass stand was carried out, and the yield and nutritional value of the studied areas were determined.

Results and conclusion. Field observations showed that the studied grass stands in the Kushchevsky district of the Krasnodar region are rich in floristic composition and are capable of fully providing animals with all nutrients, as well as macro- and microelements. The species eaten in the studied areas make up 60.0-90.9%. In the Kushchevsky district, of the 12 surveyed sites, all but No. 1 and No. 9 are effective in terms of productivity for raising beef cattle and sheep. Natural pastures can be effectively used with calculated indicators taking into account the grass yield in 3 cuttings of up to 2 hectares per 1 conventional head of cattle. In the surveyed area, one conventional head in the summer period (lasting 200 days) requires 2,130 EFU, in the winter (lasting 165 days) – 1,594 EFU, a total of 3,724 EFU for the year. To ensure the highest profitability from meat cattle in the highly rugged terrain of the studied natural meadows, it is recommended to give preference to Hereford, Aberdeen Angus or Kazakh white-headed cattle breeds. 

The article shows the dynamics of intrauterine microflora in cattle with varying degrees of disease severity, calving cows were grouped according to the nature of the vaginal secretion, and a comparative analysis of the microbial communities of the uterine contents during bacterial infections was carried out. The results of these studies will help open up opportunities for the development of new and improved treatment and prevention strategies.

Introduction. In the first weeks after birth, almost all calving animals test positive for uterine bacterial contamination, but not all animals develop clinical signs of postpartum disease.

The purpose of the study is to monitor the dynamics of changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of bacterial communities in the uterine contents of cows with bacterial infections in the postpartum period.

Object. 22 cows 2-3 calving’s, Holstein-Friesian breed. 10,563 isolates were isolated from 132 studies of uterine contents in cows with bacterial infections.

Materials and methods. Samples of the uterine contents were taken 12 hours after calving (day 1), as well as on days 3, 9, 15, 21 and 28 after birth. Intrauterine samples were collected using cytobrushes. Identification of bacterial isolates was carried out according to methods accepted in laboratory practice.

Results and conclusions. According to the results of 22 cows during six days of sampling of cow uterine contents, 132 samples were obtained, and the total number of isolates grown in aerobic culture conditions amounted to 7440, they are represented by 202 species and 76 genera of bacteria. Four weeks after calving, the number of non-pathogenic (opportunistic) isolates decreased 1.49 times from 196 (68.06%) to 132 (45.83%). At the same time, the number of pathogenic isolates isolated decreased significantly, from 82 (28.47%) to 18 (6.25%) by 4.56 times. Data from analysis of variance: P-value 0.33, F critical 5.19, Omega square 0.16, homogeneity of variance criteria: Hartley Fmax 4.00, P-value 0.98, Cochran C 0.50, P-value 0.58.

The article examines experimental material on the influence of different interbreed types of Kalmyk fat-tailed sheep on their physiological state and natural resistance of the body. The influence of interbreed types on the physiological state of animals has been proven, so at the age of 4 months, the blood of rams of a new type of erythrocytes contains more erythrocytes compared to peers of the original type by 6.57% (P≥0.95), leukocytes – by 13.68% (P ≥0.99). During the experimental work, the advantage of the new type of rams over the original peers in terms of live weight was established (at the age of 4 months – 8.35%; at the age of 7 months – 8.38%), higher activation of metabolic processes occurring in the animals' body ( increasing the content of the studied blood parameters and its serum), increasing the production of enzymes during the functioning of their liver (urea at the age of 4 months by 17.07%; 7 months – by 17.84%; AST at the age of 4 months by 4.42%; 7 months – 6.83%). All this contributed to increasing the maintenance of the natural immunity of the body of the new type of rams.

Introduction. The presented article, aimed at studying the possibility of increasing lamb production with animals of different interbreed types, is relevant. The article examines the physiological health of animals and the natural resistance of the body of experimental lambs.

Object. Rams of the Kalmyk fat tail breed.

Materials and methods. A scientific and economic experiment was carried out; for this purpose, 70 heads of purebred mating queens of the same age were selected, distributed into two groups of 35 heads each. When forming the first group, animals of the original type were chosen, and for the second group – a new type. Subsequently, the resulting young animals (rams), 15 heads from each group, were subjected to further study.

Results and conclusions. During the experimental work, a high advantage of the new type of lambs over the original peers in terms of live weight was proven, a higher activation of metabolic processes occurring in the animals’ bodies, and an increase in the production of enzymes during the functioning of their liver. All this contributed to increasing the activation of the natural immunity of the body of the new type of lambs.

Introduction. When feeding highly productive cows with complete feed mixtures, the issue of increasing their milk productivity becomes more complicated. It is possible to partially change the composition of the feed mixture and thereby achieve some increase in daily milk yields. In addition, the productivity of animals increases when feeding feeds pretreated in various ways. However, a more effective method would be to include various feed additives and premixes produced by industry in the composition of the feed mixture. For effective management of the cattle breeding industry in modern conditions, it is necessary to observe all elements of technology and, especially, to make a complete feed mixture according to the periods of the physiological state of cows. The most significant period is the period of milking, in which it is necessary to achieve maximum milk yields from cows. Therefore, various feed additives and premixes should be used during this period. In this regard, the study of the use of the Rumimix-3 premix as part of a feed mixture for dairy cows during the milking period is relevant.

Object of the study. The object of the study was dairy cows of Holstein black-and-white breed.

Materials and methods. Scientific and economic experience was conducted in the conditions of Borisov Farms LLC, Borisovsky district, Belgorod region. For its implementation, 4 groups of cows were selected, 10 heads in each group. The first group, the control group, received the main diet in the form of a feed mixture without the addition of the Rumimix-3 premix, the second, third and fourth groups received the same basic diet, but the specified premix was added to it in doses of 200, 250 and 300 grams per head per day, respectively.

Results and conclusions. Our studies on the testing of the Rumimix-3 premix in doses of 200, 250 and 300 grams per head per day for highly productive cows in the milking phase have shown the high effectiveness of this premix. The dairy productivity of cows increased by 2.6-4.9%, the amount of profit by 3.3-6.8% and the level of profitability by 1.9-5.0% compared to the control, where this premix was not used.

The article proposes an improvement of the short-jet deflector nozzle by changing the type of longitudinal passage channel made in the form of a truncated cone, in which a screw flow director with a Teflon coating 45 microns thick is located, which will lead to an increase in the rotation speed and an increase in the centrifugal forces of the flow. As a result of improving the short-jet deflector nozzle, by changing the type of flow guide and coating it with Teflon, the speed of the water jet will increase; the flow, breaking up on the deflector into small drops, increases their flight range, due to their lower weight.

Introduction. All sprinkler machines and installations are equipped with rain-forming devices to create artificial rain. A wide variety of different rain-forming devices are known, differing in design, required pressure, radius of action, forming a stream of various shapes and sizes that are not always of sufficient quality. Existing deflector nozzles have a fairly high-quality distribution of rainwater due to the design of the deflector. Together with uniform watering and a fairly small droplet size of the artificial rain created (0.9-1.1 mm), they can operate with a relatively low pressure, which reduces energy costs. Deflector nozzles also have disadvantages associated with the high intensity of rain and the small radius of rain catching the irrigated area.

Object. Short jet deflector nozzle.

Materials and methods. It is proposed to improve the short-jet deflector nozzle by changing the type of longitudinal passage channel made in the form of a truncated cone, in which a screw flow director with a Teflon coating 45 microns thick is located, which will lead to an increase in the rotation speed and an increase in the centrifugal forces of the flow.

Results and conclusions. As a result of improving the short-jet deflector nozzle, by changing the type of flow guide and coating it with Teflon, the speed of the water jet will increase; the flow, breaking up on the deflector into small drops, increases their flight range, due to their lower weight.

The article examines the design features of sorghum harvesters developed at the Volgograd State Agrarian University: mounted single-row, trailed double-row and mounted single-row, equipped with replaceable grain bins. Based on continuous timing of the operation of a mounted single-row sorghum harvester and mathematical modeling of the use of other studied combines for harvesting grain sorghum, the distribution of time costs by shift time elements is given. The coefficients of utilization of shift time and shift productivity of combines have been determined. Ways to increase the productivity of sorghum harvesters have been proposed.

Introduction. Increasing the efficiency of using agricultural machinery is inextricably linked with the introduction into production of new types of machines that perform technological operations with high productivity and quality of work. In this regard, researchers of agricultural machines have a goal aimed at solving problems of developing methods and ways to increase machine productivity, reduce crop losses, labor costs, fuel and lubricant consumption, including through improvements in machine designs using statistical information on the results of their operation in real conditions, the use of scientific methods and methods developed by scientists. The results of studies of the developed models of sorghum harvesters for harvesting panicle crops show significant losses of shift time for unloading grain from bins into a vehicle and waiting for this transport, which leads to a decrease in the shift productivity of combines, an extension of harvesting time and an increase in grain losses. In addition, trailed sorghum harvesters lose significant time turning at the end of the headland. Reducing unproductive time is the main way to increase the productivity of a sorghum harvester.

The purpose of the work is to reduce unproductive shift time when harvesting grain sorghum through the use of an experimental sorghum harvester equipped with replaceable grain bins.

Materials and methods. When harvesting grain sorghum of the Premiere variety during the harvesting seasons of 2020 and 2022, continuous timing of the operation of a mounted sorghum harvester was carried out, the energy source of which was the T-16M self-propelled chassis. Based on the obtained statistical information on the operation of a mounted sorghum harvester, mathematical modeling was carried out to evaluate the performance indicators of using a trailed double-row sorghum harvester based on MTZ-82.1 and a mounted sorghum harvester equipped with replaceable grain bins.

Results and discussion. The schemes of a mounted single-row sorghum harvester, as well as a trailed double-row and mounted one, equipped with replaceable grain bins, are considered. The time spent on elements of shift time when threshing standing grain sorghum with the studied sorghum harvesters was determined. Analysis of the research results showed that the maximum share of the main time in the shift (71.57%) corresponds to harvesting grain sorghum with an experimental sorghum harvester equipped with replaceable grain bins, and the minimum (44.0%) – when using a trailed double-row sorghum harvester; the most significant time spent on unloading grain from the bunker of a trailed double-row sorghum harvester, which is explained by the use of an insufficient grain bin on this combine; Unproductive shift time can be reduced by using a sorghum harvester equipped with replaceable grain bins.

Conclusions. Based on the results of continuous timing of the operation of a mounted sorghum harvester based on the self-propelled T-16M chassis for harvesting grain sorghum and mathematical modeling of the assessment of indicators for the use of trailed two-row and mounted sorghum harvesters equipped with replaceable grain bins, the distribution of shift time by component elements was obtained. Significant unproductive shift time (more than 30%) occurs when unloading grain from the bunker of a trailed double-row weed harvester. It has been established that shift time is used most effectively when harvesting grain sorghum using an experimental mounted sorghum harvester equipped with replaceable grain bins. The productivity of a sorghum harvester can be significantly increased by increasing the number of simultaneously threshed rows of grain sorghum using more powerful energy resources and equipment with replaceable bins.

The article presents research on determining the technological parameter of the thickness of column air accelerators to increase the efficiency of the process of separation of soy particles from the waste of postharvest processing of soybeans in a deep pneumatic channel. As a result, the efficiency of the separation process reached 71%, while the frequency was 77%, and the losses were 4.3% of soy particles. The constructive layout scheme of a deep pneumatic channel for the process of separation of soy particles from the waste of post-harvest processing of soybeans has been determined.

Introduction. Despite the rather rapid development of the leguminous crops market, the development of harvesting and tillage equipment, especially in the issues of post-harvest processing of grain and seeds, remain acute and unresolved [1, 2]. To date, the trend towards the use of industrial waste is actively developing, which on the one hand minimizes costs and on the other is considered environmentally friendly. Soybean post-harvest waste is often simply discarded, as it cannot be separated from impurities, which makes their use impossible and dangerous. This happens, among other things, due to the fact that there is no specialized equipment for cleaning waste from post-harvest processing of soybeans, and the use of standard post-harvest grain processing machines is not effective enough.

The purpose of the study is to verify the effectiveness of the technological thickness parameter when using column air flow accelerators to increase the efficiency of the process of separating soy particles from soybean post–harvest waste in a deep pneumatic channel.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted at the FSAC VIM. A developed mock-up sample of a vertical deep pneumatic channel was used to isolate soy particles from soybean post-harvest waste, consisting of three sections of different heights. The technological parameter of the thickness of column air flow accelerators in a deep pneumatic channel with a vertically ascending air flow for the separation of soybean particles from soybean post-harvest waste was justified. The completeness of the impurity release and the efficiency of the process of separating soybean particles from soybean post-harvest waste in a deep pneumatic channel with vertically ascending airflow at maximum specific grain load were determined.

Results and conclusions. We determined: the technological parameter of the thickness of column air flow accelerators in a deep pneumatic channel with vertically ascending airflow when separating soybean particles from soybean post-harvest waste is 80 millimeters, while the maximum specific grain load is 3 kilograms / (centimeter 2 hour), seed losses do not exceed 5% in a pneumatic channel with column air flow accelerators, the completeness of the separation impurities are 76% of the "Waste" fraction, the efficiency of the separation process was 71%, the purity of the "soy particles" fraction was 77% in one pass during pre-cleaning.

The article presents the results of the development of new technologies for rice cultivation in the Achuevskaya agricultural firm in the Slavyansky district of the Krasnodar Territory. This technology for cultivating rice will allow us to develop a comprehensive multi-level methodology for cultivating rice in compliance with all technical and technological requirements for growing rice crops, as well as for environmental protection, which will not only balance the soil balance of micro and macroelements of the soil, redox potential, but also agroresource potential of rice agricultural landscapes.

Introduction. The study presents a nature-like technology for balanced water use in rice irrigation systems in the Lower Kuban. The vector of development of modern humanity is directed upward along the technocratic curve. The consequences of this development are pollution of surface and groundwater runoff, an ever-increasing shortage of water suitable for humans and plants, an increase in anthropogenic load on agricultural lands, which results in not only a decrease in soil fertility, but also complete degradation with their removal from crop rotations. At the present stage of development, we need green technologies that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, the goal of our research is to develop new approaches to naturelike technology for balanced water use in rice irrigation systems in the Lower Kuban.

Object. The object of research was the water management complex of the Lower Kuban.

The research problem is to develop a new rice map to save irrigation water, improve the reclamation status of rice soils and rice productivity.

Materials and methods. The article proposes the design of a new generation rice card. The results of the construction and operation of a new generation rice map in the Achuevskaya agricultural firm in the Slavyansky district of the Krasnodar Territory are presented. This map allows you to highly effectively control the groundwater level, which in turn allows you to maintain the specified parameters of soil moisture with the necessary and sufficient accuracy. A mathematical model for achieving the optimal state of a rice irrigation system has been developed, based on an integral approach to the formation of management decisions in the process of selecting the optimal option for planned work on a rice irrigation system with predicted operational parameters of the system. Allows you to quantify the strength and direction of influence of the factors taken into account, to perform multivariate forecast calculations based on the resources available at the time of construction, the scientific and technical level, technologies and construction materials.

Results and discussion. As a result of the research carried out, positive results were obtained, which are expressed in: a reduction in the irrigation norm on average over the years of research by 5 times and which amounted to about 3.5 thousand m3/ha, which in turn allowed for energy savings at waste pumping stations in 20 %. A 40-45% reduction in the application rate of pesticides and herbicides was also obtained, which made it possible to reduce the cost of rice production by 5% and reduce drainage water pollution by 10%. The improvement in the granulometric composition of the soil was expressed in a 10% increase in soil aggregates with a diameter of 0.25 – 10 mm in the 0-20 cm layer. The improvement in NPK was characterized by an increase in the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen in the arable horizon by 1.1%, mobile phosphorus – 0.16%, mobile potassium – 1.32%, while the humus content in the arable horizon increased by 0.08%). The economic effect of introducing this rice map made it possible to increase the yield of green mass of alfalfa to 650 c/ha, corn to 720 c/ha. An increase in the yield of rice and related crops of rice crop rotation was obtained. The decrease in groundwater levels improved the ecological and reclamation state of the soils of the rice paddies. Optimization of the process of making management decisions during the construction of an irrigation system made it possible to reduce the amount of labor costs by 5% and energy resources by 20%. The increase in rice yield was 13%, while its cost decreased by 5%.

The optimization of the design parameters of the sorption loading of the filter is considered based on a mathematical regression model and laboratory experimental data.

Introduction. The problem of pollution of rivers and lakes by wastewater is a complex and multifaceted object of scientific analysis. Wastewater is the source of a variety of anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystems that lead to deterioration of water quality, loss of biodiversity, threats to human health and loss of economic value of water resources. To minimize the negative consequences of wastewater pollution, it is necessary to develop and implement effective technologies for the treatment and reuse of wastewater, as well as to improve management and control systems for their volume and quality.

Object. The object of the study is wastewater contaminated with heavy metals.

Materials and methods. Factors were identified to optimize the design parameters of the sorption load. Based on algorithmic, theoretical and laboratory studies, data were obtained for the regression equation using the Reichschaffner method. Also, a chemical analysis of the test water was carried out in laboratory conditions, where a concentration was determined that exceeded sanitary standards for total iron and copper. An experiment was carried out using the settling method at various time intervals to determine the dynamics of a decrease or increase in the concentration of the studied chemical elements.

Results and conclusions. Based on the results of solving the regression equation, data were obtained in laboratory conditions with the help of which the coefficients B0, Bi, Bij and Bii were calculated. To check the accuracy of the obtained coefficients using the Student method, we re-calculated the regression model in which these equations were obtained in encrypted form, the accuracy of the resulting models was checked using the Fisher criterion, which is not a random factor. When conducting an experiment in laboratory conditions by settling zeolite in fractions from 0.4 cm to 0.75 cm in time intervals from 1 hour to 4 hours, the best result was a time interval of 4 hours, which showed a decrease in the concentration of total iron and copper by 71%, which corresponds to mathematical calculations and proves the purity of the experiment.

A functional diagram of an autonomous inverter and an algorithm for the operation of its automatic control system have been developed, using an intermediate high-frequency voltage conversion and a reversible rectifier converting its industrial frequency level. The proposed circuit design of the inverter increases the reliability of its operation and improves its weight and size indicators.

Introduction. Autonomous power supply systems operating on renewable energy sources use autonomous inverters (AI), which convert DC voltage into alternating current. An analysis of known structural solutions of AI showed that they have disadvantages: low reliability of operation due to the large number of power electronic devices, and accordingly increased weight and size indicators. A functional diagram of AI is proposed, where an intermediate high-frequency conversion of electricity is used, which has a reduced number of power electronic devices due to the transformer, the primary and secondary windings of which have midpoint terminals, the high-frequency voltage is converted to the industrial frequency level by a reversing rectifier. An algorithm for the operation of an automatic AI control system for voltage conversion and stabilization has been developed. The proposed AI circuit solutions made it possible to increase the reliability of the inverter and improve its weight and size characteristics. The purpose of the study is to develop a functional diagram of an autonomous inverter with improved reliability indicators and weight and size indicators, as well as an algorithm for the operation of its automatic control system.

The object of research: structural and functional circuits of autonomous inverters.

Materials and methods. During the research, methods of theoretical foundations of electrical engineering, power electronic converter technology and methods of statistical information processing were used Results and conclusions. The developed structural and circuit solution for converting a DC voltage into a sinusoidal AC voltage, made using an intermediate high-frequency conversion, has improved reliability and weight and size indicators in comparison with known AI technical solutions, by reducing the number of electronic devices in the power part of the converter and simplifying the control circuit.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the digital adaptation of equipment for the processing industry by developing and justifying a simulation model of an automated process control system.

Materials and research methods. The development and modeling of the automated control system for the shredder was carried out in the CAD environment “Proteus 8.15 ISIS”, where the selection of the main elements of the control system and their connection to the microcontroller was carried out. The project code was built in the integrated development environment "Arduino IDE" in the programming language «C++».

Research results and conclusions. A functional diagram of the proposed automated control system for chopping fruit and vegetable products has been developed. The inputs and outputs of the microcontroller board are represented by fourteen signals and are divided according to the controls of the fruit and vegetable raw material chopper into three groups: rotor controls; dispenser; ensuring automatic operating mode. Information about the state of all input and output signals of the automated control system is visualized on the LCD display. A control system for an automated fruit and vegetable chopper was modeled on the basis of AVR / ARM Cortex M microcontrollers using the C++ programming language, and its performance was tested in the Proteus 8.15 ISIS CAD system, which proved its performance and efficiency. To implement numerical modeling of the cutting process, specialized software has been developed, the source code of which is compiled in the “Object Pascal” programming language in the «Lazarus» IDE.

The fruitfulness of the joint energy and ecological approach to greenhouse horticulture in obtaining scientific knowledge is revealed.

Introduction. The issues of energy saving, ecology and light culture are priorities in the practice and scientific and technological development of the agro-industrial complex. The concept has been put forward that at the present stage it is advisable to talk about the energy ecology of horticulture (EEH) as a new complex scientific direction based on taking into account the flows of substances that form the energy and environmental indicators of an artificial bioenergy system.

Object of the study is scientific activity and factors of scientific productivity of the specialized laboratory of the EEH of Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production (IEEP).

The study aimed to reveal the fruitfulness of the joint energy and ecological approach to greenhouse horticulture in obtaining scientific knowledge at the intersection of the mentioned subject areas.

The history of laboratory. It is noted that the scientific tradition of the IEEP has always been characterized by increased attention to problems in these areas. The relevance of the study of the experience of the formation and development of the EEH laboratory was substantiated.

Materials and methods. The study identified the main research areas with the biggest publication activity of the laboratory experts. The study included a comparative scientometrical analysis of publications in the laboratory and the institute.

Results and conclusions. The study formulated the paradigm of energy and ecology convergence in greenhouse horticulture as a new scientific field. The paper cites the most important scientific results of the laboratory: energy saving and efficiency, the designing of phytoirradiators, greenhouse irradiation installations, instrumentation and metrological practices; developing a teaching technology of energy saving for professionals; setting up special experiments in greenhouse horticulture; identifying the properties of plants as elements of an ecosystem, their developmental stability, bioindication issues; applied theory of energy saving, artificial bioenergy system; energy and eco-friendliness of greenhouse horticulture, energy and ecological auditing. The study revealed the important role of the institute in establishing and developing the energy and ecology convergence in greenhouse horticulture as a scientific field. An important organizational factor was to open a specialized scientific laboratory. Its research activity contributed greatly to the scientific image of the institute. In the publication activity, the laboratory ranks high among other scientific departments of IEEP. Over the decade of scientific activity, its researchers published above 200 scientific papers, received 29 patents for inventions. The practical developments received 11 gold medals at Exhibition of National Economy Achievements in Moscow and AGRORUS exhibition in Saint Petersburg.

The article presents calculations of hourly productivity of serial cars GAZ-SAZ-33071, GAZ-3302 Gazelle and KAMAZ 45144 with a trailer, as well as machine and tractor units MTZ-82.1+2PTS-4.5 and MTZ82.1+PTRS (loader-transporter of hay rolls) for the transportation of hay rolls formed by a presspickers PRF-110, PPR-120"Pelikan" and PRF-750. The results of the evaluation of the hourly performance of the GAZ3302 Gazelle on-board vehicle, equipped with a specialized cargo platform that allows unloading hay rolls without the use of additional machines, and a machine-tractor unit with an improved design of a loadertransporter of hay rolls, are also given.

Introduction. Harvesting agricultural crops is a complex technological process in which a complex of harvesting, transport and lifting machines is used, means of maintenance and field repair of machines, communication systems and other equipment are used. The harvesting result depends on how effectively all the machines involved in harvesting are used, and, first of all, harvesting vehicles and vehicles. To increase the efficiency of harvesting agricultural crops, there are many solutions to improve the designs of modern harvesting and transport machines and the organization of their work during harvesting. In this case, it is necessary to use such developments that provide a significant increase in the productivity of harvesting vehicles and vehicles while reducing crop losses, fuel consumption, labor and material and monetary costs. With the increase in the productivity of machines for harvesting agricultural crops, the likelihood of meeting agrotechnical requirements for harvesting and, in particular, for its duration, increases. By meeting agrotechnical requirements for harvesting duration, not only direct crop losses are reduced, but also its quality is improved. It is possible to increase the productivity of machines for harvesting agricultural crops, as follows from many scientific works, by reducing unproductive shift time. However, issues of assessing the performance of vehicles for transporting hay rolls and selecting the most productive ones in.

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the performance of a number of serial and some improved vehicles for transporting hay rolls.

Materials and methods. In the process of preparing this article, scientific articles, reports on the implementation of scientific work and other publications of scientists devoted to research into technologies for harvesting agricultural crops, the productivity of grain and forage harvesters, loaders-transporters of rolls and hay bales and vehicles were used. In order to analyze the impact on the productivity of technical systems involved in harvesting hay rolls from the field, the rolls were formed by the following balers: PR-F-110, PPR-120 "Pelikan" and PRF-750. Loading of rolls and unloading of non-tipping vehicles was carried out by PF0.5 loaders with PT-F-500 and SNU-550 attachments, mounted by MTZ-82.1 tractors. Transportation of rolls was carried out by KAMAZ 45144 with a trailer, GAZ-SAZ-33071, GAZ-3302 “Gazelle”, MTZ82.1+2PTS-4.5 and MTZ-82.1+PTRS (loader-transporter of hay rolls). MTZ-82.1+2PTS-4.5 and MTZ82.1+PTRS were used to transport hay rolls over a distance of up to 3 km, GAZ-SAZ-33071 - up to 20 km, KAMAZ 45144 – over a distance of more than 20 km and GAZ-3302 "Gazelle" - up to and more than 20 km. During the operations of loading, transporting and unloading vehicles, they were timed under real operating conditions. Results and discussion. When assessing the hourly productivity of vehicles, the following were taken into account: the nominal carrying capacity of vehicles, the length of travel with a load, the average technical speed, the coefficients of utilization of carrying capacity and mileage, the time spent on loading rolls of hay onto vehicles and unloading them. As a result of calculations, it was established that with an increase in the mass of transported hay rolls, the productivity of all studied vehicles for all types of transportation increases; for on-farm and on-farm transportation, the GAZ-SAZ-33071 has maximum productivity, and for off-farm transportation, the KamAZ-45144 with a trailer; When using improved designs of the pick-up-transporter of hay rolls (PTRS-2) (RF patent No. 2747569), which ensures the transportation of hay rolls formed by PR-F-110, PPR-120 "Pelikan" and PRF-750 in 2 tiers, the utilization rate increases lifting capacity, respectively, up to 0.75; 0.98 and 0.96, while the performance of PTRS-2 in comparison with the PTRS prototype when transporting hay rolls formed by PR-F-110, PPR-120 "Pelikan" and PRF-750 in intra-farm transportation increases accordingly by 73%, 33% and 0.6%; and when using the GAZ-3302 "Gazelle" vehicle, equipped with a specialized cargo platform (RF patent No. 2554036) with unloading of rolls from the platform on both sides of the vehicle without the use of additional means, the productivity of this vehicle increases compared to a serial on-board vehicle for intra-farm transportation of rolls from balers PR-F-110, PPR-120 "Pelikan" and PRF-750, respectively, by 23%; 32% and 18%, on intra-farm transportation – by 23%; 32% and 18% and off-farm – by 23%; 32% and 18%.

Conclusions. Based on the results of timing the operation of three brands of vehicles GAZ-SAZ-33071, GAZ-3302 “Gazelle” and KAMAZ 45144 with a trailer, as well as machine-tractor units MTZ-82.1+2PTS-4.5 and MTZ-82.1 with a pick-up-transporter of hay rolls design of the Volgograd State Agrarian University for the transportation of hay rolls formed by PR-F-110, PPR-120 "Pelikan" and PRF-750 balers, it was established that for intra-farm and on-farm transportation of all types of rolls, the GAZ-SAZ-33071 dump truck has maximum productivity, and for off-farm transportation – a KAMAZ 45144 vehicle with a trailer. With an increase in the mass of transported hay rolls, the productivity of all studied vehicles for all types of transportation increases. The use of an improved design of a pick-up - transporter of hay rolls for intra-farm and on-farm transportation; its productivity is higher than that of the GAZ-SAZ-33071 vehicle. In this case, it is not necessary to use technical means for loading rolls of hay into this vehicle and unloading them. The use of a GAZ3302 Gazelle vehicle with a specialized cargo platform allows one to increase its hourly productivity in all types of transportation by 18%-32% compared to a production vehicle.

The experimental results showed that the modified working bodies with a modified surface shape had a lower traction resistance compared to the serial ones.

Introduction. The improvement of working bodies for agricultural machinery plays an important role in improving production efficiency. This makes it possible to improve the quality of tillage, reduce fuel consumption and increase the productivity of agricultural machinery. The development of modernized working bodies for the chisel plow is aimed at optimizing the process of chiseling the soil in order to reduce energy consumption. Research shows that the use of such working bodies helps to improve the tillage process, reduce energy consumption and increase the efficiency of the plow.

Object. The object of the study is the working body of a chisel plow, made in the form of a chisel.

Materials and methods. Experimental research methods were used. Experimental studies were carried out on real objects of tillage implements equipped with working bodies with different geometric characteristics of the working surface, using standard techniques.

Results and conclusions. The experimental results showed that the modified working bodies with a modified surface shape had a lower traction resistance compared to the serial ones. This suggests that optimizing the shape of the working bodies allows you to reduce energy consumption for soil work. Further research in this direction may lead to the creation of more efficient agricultural tools and an improved tillage process.

The article examines the correlations between the field germination of soybeans and the values of vegetation indices. Tests on two groups of breeding samples showed that the MCARI and NDVI indices are the most sensitive to field germination indicators. The use of vegetation indices is advisable in years with unstable field germination of soybeans as an indirect method for its assessment.

Introduction. Field germination is estimated by counting the number of germinated plants per unit area. This is expressed as a percentage of the seed sown. This method requires not only certain physical costs but also time. With the development of digital technologies in modern conditions, it is necessary to search for new methods of assessing field germination.

Object. The object of the research is the soybean competitive and preliminary variety testing nurseries and the soybean breeding and collection nursery.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the experimental base of the Federal Research Centre for Legumes and Cereals in the Orel region. The planting of the nurseries and the related observations were carried out according to the methods of VIR and State Agricultural Testing. A DJI Matrice 200 v2 unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a MicaSense Altum multispectral camera was used for multispectral aerial imaging. Six flights during the main growing season. Vegetation indices were calculated: NDVI, NDRE, CLGreen, GNDVI, and MCARI.

 Results and conclusion. Tests on two groups of breeding samples showed that the correlations are stronger, with large differences in the values of field germination of cultivars on plots. The correlation coefficient (r>0.8) for most of the indices reaches its highest value on the 25th day after the appearance of the first shoots. The most sensitive to field germination are the MCARI and NDVI indices, for which the average correlation (r>0.7) remained until the beginning of August (the end of flowering for most cultivars) with average differences in field germination and until the end of August (the beginning of maturation for most soybean cultivars) with high differences in field germination (r>0.5). The use of vegetation indices is advisable in years with unstable field germination of soybeans as an indirect method for its assessment, especially when there are significant differences between the samples studied and when there are a large number of forms studied on extensive and heterogeneous crop areas. It is also relevant for breeding material testing or environmental testing to reduce the amount of groundwork when assessing soybean field germination.

This article proposes a technology for simultaneous cultivation of mushroom, berry or vegetable products in a greenhouse consisting of two chambers – oxygen and carbon dioxide. The cultivation technology is based on the principle of plant responsiveness to aeration. During aerobic respiration, the amount of carbon dioxide released is approximately equal to the amount of oxygen absorbed, taking into account this pattern, a technology for cultivating the studied crops was proposed.

Introduction. Conducting joint research using sheltering greenhouses or tunnels, when cultivating fruit and mushroom products with mutual gas exchange, will lead to mutual and beneficial development of plants for further fruiting.

Object. Prefabricated greenhouses made with transparent or darkened halfpolypropylene. The greenhouse is divided into two equal halves by a partition for the separate cultivation of mushrooms and fruit and vegetable products, i.e. each crop has its own separate section.

Materials and methods. Soil racks are located in each half of the greenhouse, for the cultivation of products. In one half, a mushroom culture is cultivated, in the other, any other culture that absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen during respiration, which will flow as a result of gas exchange through exhaust fans to the other half of the greenhouse. To monitor the level of carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation compartment, a carbon dioxide (CO2) detector is installed, with which the required level is maintained (up to 0.5%). The source of materials for growing mushrooms and vegetables are the theoretical and practical developments of scientists at VNIIOZ and VNIIGiM.

Results and conclusions. As a result of the development, the prefabricated greenhouse is equipped with a lowvolume irrigation system of the pipeline drip type with nozzles of fine sprinkling to maintain the necessary thresholds of soil moisture and air temperature. Two electric fans built into the partition from different sides and at different heights (in our case, greenhouses), will facilitate mutual gas exchange with timely activation, for the distillation of carbon dioxide and oxygen from one half of the greenhouse to the other, released during respiration by cultivated crops.

Introduction. The combined method of transportation assumes the ability for an experimental vehicle to move by rolling on the bases with a load-bearing capacity sufficient for adhesion and walking, provided that the load-bearing capacity to move in the first way is not enough. The combined method of movement allows, without the use of external sources of energy and attachment to surrounding objects on the ground, to increase the cross-country ability of an experimental vehicle, which is determined in the study by the indicators of work spent on soil deformation when moving by rolling and walking methods.

Object. The object of the study is the results of energy costs when moving by rolling and walking methods of an experimental vehicle.

Materials and methods. Energy costs for movement in a combined way are defined as the work spent on soil deformation when overcoming the test section using the rolling and walking methods. Based on the results of the study, dependency graphs were constructed and conclusions were drawn.

Results and conclusions. A comparative analysis of the results of theoretical studies of the energy costs of moving using a combined method showed that when moving using the rolling method, compared to the walking method, significantly more work is spent on soil deformation when moving, and that moving using the walking method allows the vehicle to get out without the use of external energy sources and continue a similar movement along the base with a weak load-bearing capacity until its adhesion properties allow you to switch to a higher-speed method of movement – rolling.

Research on improving the working bodies of the chisel plow is of great importance in terms of improving the energy efficiency of tillage and improving the environmental performance of agriculture

Introduction. The development of modernized working bodies for the chisel plow is aimed at optimizing the process of chiseling the soil in order to reduce energy consumption. Research shows that the use of such working bodies helps to improve the tillage process, reduce energy consumption and increase the efficiency of the plow.

Object. The object of the study is the working body of a chisel plow, made in the form of a chisel.

Materials and methods. Experimental identification of the properties of the object under study, verification of the validity of accepted hypotheses. Then, on this basis, a comprehensive and in-depth study of the topic of scientific research.

Results and conclusions. An experimental installation has been prepared for production testing of a chisel plow with upgraded working bodies in real conditions, which will allow assessing its operability and economic feasibility. The results of such an inspection can be used to determine the effectiveness of modernized working bodies and make a decision on their introduction into production. The improvement of working bodies for agricultural machinery plays an important role in improving production efficiency. This makes it possible to improve the quality of tillage, reduce fuel consumption and increase the productivity of agricultural machinery. Through the development of innovations and experimental research, we can create more advanced and efficient working bodies, which will ultimately lead to improved working conditions for agricultural workers and increased agricultural productivity.