The article presents the results of the use of QR codes for the disclosure of data on soil standards, toxation and reclamation characteristics and deciphering signs. The applicability of the QR code as one of the elements of digital technologies in agroforestry is analyzed. The results obtained made it possible to formulate a conclusion about the positive aspect of using QR codes for storing information and presenting its large arrays in a compact form, which makes it possible not to overload the text of scientific articles with a large amount of data.

Introduction. The 21st century is characterized as a time of rapidly developing technologies, which significantly affects not only the use of new information carriers, but also the means of its presentation. Modifications of devices capable of encrypting information and presenting it on demand in the information space are being improved daily with virtually no size limit. One of such rapidly developing technologies, which is in full open access for consumers of various professions and fields of activity, is the technology of QR codes. QR code technology is being actively introduced into everyday life and is used everywhere, simplifying various financial and digital transactions, but this technology has not been fully used in agroforestry before. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the possibility of using a QR code as an element of digital technologies in agroforestry would make it possible to make a significant transition in the presentation of information from the text of a scientific article with a summary of the results obtained and conclusions to the presentation of all research results, with a detailed description and additional information not reflected in the text of the article itself.

Object. The object of the study is the technology of QR codes, used in agroforestry and representing a twodimensional space barcode with information of a different nature, read by mobile phones or special barcode scanners.

Materials and methods. In the course of the work carried out, field visits to the object of study, geoinformation modeling of field-protective forest plantations in agrolandscapes, and remote assessment of forest cover were carried out. Soil samples were taken for standard agrochemical soil analyzes, including the determination of the mechanical composition of the soil, pH, the degree of saturation with organic matter, basic minerals, etc. To work with QR codes, a free public program was used that works both from a personal computer and from a smartphone running on any operating system.

Results and conclusions. As a result of the process of interpretation and analysis of space images, a database of deciphering signs of forest belts was compiled and their taxation and reclamation characteristics were made, a database of standards was compiled. Subsequently, the entire data array was encrypted into QR codes. The paper lists and analyzes the positive results of working with a QR code as one of the elements of digital technologies in agroforestry, used to simplify work with a large amount of data and present this volume in an orderly and compact form for further work. In addition to the study on the applicability of the QR code in agroforestry studies, a SWOT analysis was carried out, which made it possible to identify strengths and weaknesses and showed the prospects for the development of this technology, taking into account the opportunities and possible threats.

The article presents the results of the introduction of intensive and high-intensity agricultural technologies of adaptive landscape farming, increasing the genetic potential of grain and leguminous crops selected by the Federal Research Center "Nemchinovka".

Introduction. The use of modern agricultural technologies of adaptive landscape farming with the aim of ensuring the country's food security, capable of realizing the genetic potential of grain and leguminous crops, favors an increase in their productivity, as well as the restoration, conservation and growth of soil fertility; development of selection, seed production, as well as reducing import dependence on seeds.

Materials and methods. In a twofactor field experiment on soddy-podzolic soils of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem Zone, technologies for growing crops, grains and leguminous crops were studied in agricultural technologies differentiated by the scale of intensification – high-intensity, intensive and normal.

Results and conclusions. The number of crop varieties included in the State List of Breeding Results accepted for use in 2022, the selection of FIC "Nemchinovka" 85 things, of which 13 and 12 pieces of soft winter and 10 pieces – winter rye and triticale – 11 and 8 pieces, spring barley and oats of 16 and 23 pieces, peas of sowing 2 pieces, respectively. A register of varieties of grain and leguminous crops has been formed for the Central region of the Non-Chernozem Zone: winter rye – Moskovskaya 18, Valdai, Moskovskaya 15, Tatyana, Moskovskaya 12; winter triticale – Victor, Hermes, Nemchinovsky 56, Nina; soft winter wheat – Nemchinovskaya 57, Moskovskaya 39, Nemchinovskaya 85, Moskovskaya 40, Nemchinovskaya 24, Moskovskaya 56; spring soft wheat – Esther, Zlata, Agatha, Rome, Radmir; spring barley – Nur, Moscow 86, Vladimir, Yaromir, Zlatoyar; oats spring – Lev, Yakov, Bulani, Slovlet, Nemchinovsky 61; peas sowing – Nemchinovsky 50, Nemchinovsky 100. According to high – intensity agricultural technology, the
yield in 2022 was the highest and amounted to winter wheat – 7.50 t/ha, winter rye – 6.78 t/ha, winter triticale – 6.49 t/ha, spring wheat – 6.50 t/ha, spring barley – 6.80 t/ha, spring oats – 5.70 t/ha and peas – 4.22 t/ha.

For the first time, studies of the profile structure of the aggregate composition of chernozem have been carried out using dated samples from the Bioresource Collection of the Central Soil Museum by V. V. Dokuchaev. The degree and nature of the influence of 70-year-old forest plantations on the aggregate composition of arable soils have been established.

Introduction. In recent years, scientists have paid special attention to the study of the structure of aggregates, mechanisms and factors of formation of the percentage ratio of aggregates, i.e. fractions of different sizes, as well as aggregative stability and its influence on plant growth and productivity. Nevertheless, genetic aspects of aggregate percentage formation are less often studied. However, it should be noted that without studying the percentage ratio of aggregates as a typomorphic feature of soil-forming processes, it is difficult to predict changes in the percentage ratio of aggregates as a result of climate warming and anthropogenic impact. Thus, it is inevitably necessary to study the aggregate composition throughout the depth of the soil profile. The paper presents the results of the first research of the aggregate composition profile structure of southern chernozem using dated samples from the Bioresource Collection of the Central Museum of Soil Science. The degree and nature of the influence of 70-year-old forest plantations on the aggregate composition of arable soils were determined.

Object. The object of the study is textural carbonate chernozems (southern) at the station "Belye Prudy", located in Danilovsky district of Volgograd region.

Materials and methods. Soil samples were collected under two-year old tree plantings on arable land along a transect crossing three forest protection strips from west to east in 1950 and 2021 to a depth of 300 cm. A total of 3 soil transects were established with an average distance between transects of 360 m.

Results and conclusions. According to the results of the study, based on the comparative analysis of the percentage ratio of aggregates of soils, soil-forming and underlying rocks, the structure of the aggregate composition profile of southern chernozem on loess-like sediments was studied for the first time. It was found that the percentage of aggregates of southern chernozem was formed on a structured mineral matrix represented by loess-like clays. A comparative study of soil samples from 1950 and 2021 revealed a different degree and character of change in the aggregate composition of arable soils under the influence of afforestation. The structure coefficient corresponds to a good structural condition. No principal changes in the profile structure of the aggregate composition of arable soils during the period from forest planting to the mature state were revealed. Significant correlations were established in the content of aggregates of different sizes, as well as with the content of some fractions of granulometric composition. No correlations between the content of aggregate composition fractions, humus and environmental reaction (pH) were revealed.

Introduction. The article analyzes the adaptation capabilities of steppe and semi-desert plants to unfavorable conditions (resistance to low and high temperatures in conditions of moisture deficiency) for their widespread use in enriching agrocenoses of forest-agrarian landscapes. The purpose of the work was to study the biological properties and ecological characteristics of populations of the genus Atrapháxis, to assess their resistance to the soil and climatic conditions of thе Lower Volga.

Objects. Populations of the kurchavka of shrubby (Atraphaxis frutescens (L.) C. Koch.) were studied in the Kamyshinsky district of the Volgograd region at the Nizhnevolzhskaya station for the selection of tree species – a branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the steppe zone on chestnut light loamy soils in combination with salt marshes, precipitation 320-390 mm, humidification coefficient 0.35. In the conditions of the Astrakhan region of the Kharabalinsky district, in the desert zone of light chestnut soils, solonetzic-desert, solonchak, with a precipitation amount of 180-250 mm and a moisture coefficient of 0.11, the kurchavka of prickly (Atraphaxis spinosa (L.)) was studied.

Materials and methods. The bioecological properties of the selected objects were visually assessed according to five criteria: drought resistance (sixpoint scale of Pyatnitsky S.S.), winter hardiness (seven-point scale of the GBS RAS), assessment of the intensity of flowering and fruiting by the method of V. G. Kapper (five-point scale), vitality (three-point scale). The dynamics of the physiological state of the shrub during the growing season based on the indicators of the green leaf pigment system (chlorophyll, flavonoids, anthocyanins) was carried out using the DUALEX SCIENTIFIC+™ flavonoid and chlorophyll meter.

Results and conclusions. It was revealed that the plants were able to adapt to stress conditions due to the high adaptive characteristics of the plant. Kurchavka, thanks to its high adaptive potential, forage and decorative qualities, the ability to purify the air, retain soil and prevent erosion, the curlew plays an important role in the ecosystem. It can grow singly and in sparse xerophytic shrub phytocenoses with buckthorn, almond, honeysuckle, etc. Prospects for further research have been identified – it is necessary to continue the ecological and biological study of species of the genus Atrapháxis in various habitats within the range and the development of mechanisms of introduction and reintroduction in the south of Russia to assess their potential for forest reclamation complexes.

Introduction. This article presents the results of two-year observations of the formation of yields of three varieties of blue mustard at two sowing periods in the subzone of light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. The control was the usual sowing time, when the soil warmed up to a seed depth of 6-7 degrees. The second sowing date was very early due to the frozen soil. Long-term observations of weather conditions were relatively favorable for the growth and development of mustard, which naturally affected both the photosynthetic parameters of the studied mustard varieties and their yields during both sowing periods. On average, in two years of research, ultra-early sowing proved to be the best. When growing mustard varieties during this sowing period, all photosynthetic parameters were significantly better than during the usual sowing period. The Gorlinka variety turned out to be the most productive. At the usual sowing time, it exceeded the Rushen variety by 10.5%, and the Slavyanka variety by 6.9%. With an extremely early sowing period, the advantage of the Gorlinka variety was even greater and amounted to 21.5 and 17.0%, respectively. The highest yield was achieved in 2023 for the Gorlinka variety – 2.25 t/ha, and the lowest – 1.48 t/ha for the Rushena variety in 2022. According to economic indicators, the Gorlinka variety turned out to be the most effective. The production of this variety at the usual sowing period was 70.9% more profitable than that of the Rushen variety, and 62.2% more profitable than that of the Slavyanka variety. At the earliest sowing date, the advantage of the Gorlinka variety was even greater and amounted to 74.4 and 62.6%, respectively.

Relevance. In recent years, interest in blue mustard has increased significantly in agricultural production. If in 2020 this crop occupied only 34 thousand hectares in the region, then in 2023 it will already be 104 thousand hectares. However, its yield varies greatly both from year to year and from region to region. In the region as a whole, the average yield of blue or Sarepta mustard does not exceed 1.0t/ha. The potential yield of modern varieties is estimated at 2.5-2.7 t/ha, and the Gorlinka variety is capable of producing up to 3.0 t/ha. Therefore, the search for ways to increase the yield of this valuable oilseed crop in the conditions of the Volgograd region is a completely relevant and timely task.

Object. As the object of the study, two periods of sowing blue mustard were taken – Factor A: 1. Normal sowing time (control). 2. Extra early on thawed frozen soil. Factor B – three varieties of blue mustard: 1. Rushena (control). 2. Slavyanka.3. Gorlinka.

Materials and methods. A two-factor field experiment was carried out on light chestnut soils of the Ilovlinsky district of the Volgograd region in 2022-2023. according to the method of Lukomets V.M. [1]. The registration area of the plot is 72 m2, the experiment is repeated three times. The predecessor is winter wheat walking on fertilized fallow.

Results and conclusions. An analysis of two-year observations of the formation of yields of three varieties of mustard blue at two sowing periods in the subzone of light chestnut soils of the Ilovlinsky district of the Volgograd region showed that weather conditions naturally affected both the photosynthetic parameters of the studied varieties and their yields at both sowing periods. On average, over two years of research, the most effective was the early sowing of mustard. Of the varieties taken for study, the Gorlinka variety turned out to be the most productive. So, if at the usual sowing period the yield of varieties ranged from 1.53 to 1.69 t/ha, then at the early sowing period these indicators were significantly higher and varied in varieties from 1.81 to 2.20 t/ha. The Gorlinka variety turned out to be the most productive. The yield of this variety did not fall below 2.0 t/ha over the years and averaged 2.2 t/ha over two years at the early sowing period. At the usual sowing period, this variety also exceeded the other varieties and amounted to 1.69 t/ha, which is 0.16 t/ha higher than at the control. All photosynthetic parameters were also the best in this variety, both at the usual and early sowing dates. The calculation of economic efficiency for cultivation options also showed a clear advantage of the early sowing period. So, if the profitability of the production of oilseeds at the usual sowing period varied by varieties from 206 to 276.9%, then at the early sowing period the profitability ranged from 262.7 to 337.1%. Of the varieties, Turtledove turned out to be the most effective. The production of this variety at the usual sowing period was 70.9% more profitable than the Rushen variety and 62.2% more profitable than the Slavyanka variety. At the early sowing period, the advantage of the Gorlinka variety was even greater and amounted to 74.4 and 62.6%, respectively.

Introduction. The intensification of world soybean production is preceded by an increase in the efficiency of breeding and seed production. Modernization of domestic soybean production should be focused on increasing the demand for improved varieties of soybeans of Russian selection. This is especially true in the southern regions. Here, the natural factors of the life support of the soybean plant favor obtaining high yield levels (3-5 t/ha) of varieties of this crop of average maturation time (110-120 days) under irrigation conditions. The effectiveness of breeding research largely depends on the development of the model variety prototype of soybeans that is closest in terms of economically valuable characteristics to the future original.

Object. The purpose of the research. Based on a comparative analysis of the obtained results of the influence of economically important signs on soybean yield, to develop indicators of the characteristics of an average-ripened soybean variety for future use in production with a yield level of 4 tons /ha of grain and maturation periods of up to 120 days under irrigation conditions.

Materials and methods. For a comprehensive study in the period 2019-2021, varieties of various ecological and geographical origin cultivated under irrigation conditions since their zoning were used: Volgogradka 1 (registered since 1991), Soer 6 (since 2001), VNIIOZ 76 (since 2003), Slavia (since 2009), VNIIOZ 31 (since 2011), Vita (since 2020). The area of plots is 12.6 m2. The repetition is 4-fold. The area of plant nutrition was 0.70 x 0.024 m. Fertilizers N-100, P_2 O_5 -80, K_2O – 50 kg d.v./ha were applied for a programmable yield of 4 t/ha. The irrigation regime is differentiated: in the generative period of development it is maintained at the level of 80% HB, in the vegetative and during the maturation of plants – 70% HB. The productivity structure was determined by selecting plants from 1 m2, photosynthetic parameters were determined by die–cutting, the concentration of crude protein and fat was determined using an infrared analyzer.

Results and conclusions. The analysis of generalized indicators of varieties of the previous stage of selection (16 names) contributed to the design of an architectural model of a plant of the future medium-ripened soybean variety for cultivation under irrigation conditions. In the dynamics of the stage development of plants, it is planned to reduce the vegetative period to 42 days and increase the reproductive period to 78 days. The morphological structure of the stem should be based on medium-sized (0.76 m) plants with increased attachment of the lower beans (0.16 m) and increased branching on average per plant (4 pcs.). The production-oriented capacity of photosynthetically active sowing should be achieved due to the optimized leaf surface area by the beginning of flowering – up to 29 thousand m2 / ha, by the end of flowering increased – up to 70 thousand m2 / ha and significantly enhanced photosynthetic potential – up to 3 million m2 x days/ha. The net productivity of photosynthesis and the collection of dry biomass should not increase in medium-ripened plants in order to avoid increasing their mutual shading, which leads to a decrease in the share of grain in the total biomass. Optimization of the level of leaf-stem mass contributes to the good development of donor-acceptor relations in favor of reproductive organs, therefore, the yield index should be increased to 20%. The orientation of the distribution of plastic substances between the leaves of beans and seeds is closely related to the microdistribution index, which in productive and low-growing varieties of irrigated agriculture should reach 74%. The crop structure of a highly productive plant should be focused on increasing the grain weight on average per plant to 10 g. To do this, it is necessary to strengthen the process of bean formation in the nodes – up to 5.5 pcs. and seed formation in beans up to 2.4 pcs. when optimizing the number of plants for harvesting at the level of 40 pcs. / m2 due to their high preservation during the growing season – 72.7%. Obtaining a high yield – 4 t /ha with increased protein content of grain – up to 40% and optimal oil content – up to 19% will contribute to a high collection of these valuable substances – 1.38 t / ha and 0.65 t / ha under irrigation conditions.

Summary The article presents the results of research on the effect of winter wheat precursors black steam and peas on grain yield. Higher yields were noted for the predecessor black steam. However, in conditions of intensification of agriculture, peas can become a promising precursor of winter wheat. It provides economic compensation for a slight decrease in yield (by 10.0-11.9%), compared with black steam, due to the return on annual use of the field.

Introduction. Based on previous studies, it was found that the best precursor for winter wheat in the zone of insufficient moisture is black steam, which contributes to obtaining the highest grain yield. However, in the realities of the modern market, the use of steam often turns out to be economically costly. Therefore, it remains relevant to search for alternatives to the black pair of precursors of winter wheat, allowing in specific soil and climatic conditions to fully unlock the potential of not only the crop, but also the agrocenosis of the field over time. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to establish the optimal precursor and key elements of cultivation technology that ensure high yields of a new variety of winter wheat Bylina Don in the conditions of the Azov zone of the Rostov region.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the experimental hospital of FSBSI FRARC in 2019-2022, the soil of the experimental site is represented by ordinary chernozem, carbonate medium-sized light loam on loess-like loam. Two precursors of winter wheat were studied: black steam, peas for grain. Against their background, there are different seeding rates: 1) 4.0 million units/ha; 2) 4.5 million units /ha (control); 3) 5.0 million units /ha and mineral nutrition levels: without fertilizers – "0", moderate – "1" (N80P60K60), high – "2" (N120P80K80). When conducting the field experiment, generally accepted methods were used.

Results and conclusions. The precursor of winter wheat, black steam, contributed to a higher average yield compared to its predecessor, peas. This difference at the studied seeding rates in conditions of moderate nutrition background was 10.0%, high – 11.9%. The average yield of winter wheat for peas, regardless of seeding rates and fertilizers, was 7.8-9.1% less than after steam. The seeding rate of 4.0 million units /ha reduced grain yield, regardless of the background of fertilizers, for steam by 16.8-17.3%, for peas – by 17.1-19.7%, compared with the control. The rate of 5.0 million units / ha provided an increase in yield, relative to control, for steam – by 7.5-8.7%, for peas – by 5.9-7.6%. The steam predecessor gave the greatest increase in yield from fertilizers, which amounted to 0.88-1.27 t/ha (28.3-31.6%) for the average background, and 1.54-2.09 t/ha (49.5-52.0%) for the high background. The best return on the use of fertilizers was obtained on the variant with the steam precursor, fertilizer and seeding standards N120P80K80 and 5.0 million units/ha – 7.39 kg/kg. The highest grain yield was provided in variants with a seeding rate of 5.0 million units/ha and a background nutrition of N120P80K80, amounting to the predecessors: steam – 6.11 t/ha, peas – 5.35 t/ha.

Conclusions. Black steam remains an effective precursor of winter wheat, providing the highest grain yield. However, in conditions of intensification of agricultural production, peas can become a promising precursor to wheat. A decrease in grain yield after this leguminous crop by 10.0-11.9% can be economically compensated by obtaining additional products with the annual use of the production field with an improvement in its soil fertility and phytosanitary conditions.

Introduction. Tomato is the main vegetable crop in Russia, but when cultivating it, the most labor-intensive process is harvesting (up to 70% of total costs), so the need to replace manual fruit harvesting with mechanized harvesting is obvious, which requires specialized varieties. VNIIOOB has been studying breeding material for a long time in accordance with the requirements of mechanized harvesting, on the basis of which varieties have been created.

The purpose of this work is to study the created new tomato varieties for suitability for mechanized harvesting. The task is to study groups of tomato varieties bred by VNIIOOB and select them in accordance with the requirements of mechanized harvesting.

Novelty – for the first time, new varieties bred by the institute have been assessed for their suitability for mechanized harvesting. The relevance of the work carried out is that the cultivation of selected varieties with mechanized harvesting will reduce labor costs by up to 70%.

Object. Tomato varieties of two types: I₈ – Bulldog, Avdeevsky, Astrakhansky, Khors; and I₂ – Torpedo, Malinovka, Orange Avuri. The work was carried out using appropriate methods. The suitability of varieties for mechanized harvesting was studied based on the yield yield and the physical and mechanical properties of the fruit.

Research results. According to the studies, the most suitable in terms of fruit ripening friendliness (variety I₈) was the Astrakhan variety – 75.9% of mature fruits. In variety type I₂ (Torpeda, Malinovka and Orange Avyuri), the ripening friendliness varied from 81.7 to 89.6%, which is higher than the varieties variety type I8 by 1.2 times. The highest ratio of fruits to tops weight was observed in the varieties Torpeda and Orange Avyuri – within 9.2 – 12.6. Fruit separation is better in the Orange Avyuri and Torpeda varieties – 1.28 – 1.42 kg. The most durable skin was characteristic of fruits of variety type I₂, which amounted to 238.0 – 290.0 g/mm², and their resistance to crushing was 4.9 – 6.2 kg; in varieties of type I₈, the crushing force was 1.1 – 1.3 times less.

Conclusions. Thus, all the studied varieties of variety type I₂ are suitable for mechanized harvesting, and of the studied varieties of variety type I₈, the varieties Astrakhansky and Bulldog are the most suitable.

Summary. The article presents the results of the effectiveness of the effect of non-root fertilizers on the elements of the structure and yield of corn grain during grain cultivation in the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria.

Abstract Introduction. In order to obtain a high grain yield, along with high-quality seed material, properly selected agricultural techniques, using chemical protection agents, mineral fertilizers, an important role is assigned to the use of highly effective non-root (leaf) top dressing on crops, which contribute to the removal of plants from a depressed state when applying high doses of herbicides and increasing crop yields by an average of 15-20%.

Object. The object of scientific and practical work were non-root preparations for crops of corn hybrid Krasnodar 291 AMV.

Materials and methods. The experiments were conducted in the conditions of the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria in the experimental field of the structural division of the ISS KBNTS RAS in the period from 2020-2022. The following non-root fertilizers were used in the work: Agrostimul, VE-50 ml/ha; Alfastim, VE-50 ml/ha; Intermag Profi-2, l/ha; Bigus, BP-0.5g/l; Agromaster 18-18-18+3 – 2,5 kg/ha. This work was carried out in compliance with all methodological recommendations.

Goals and objectives. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the effectiveness of the use of non–root top dressing on the indicators of the yield structure and yield of corn grain in the conditions of the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria. In connection with this goal, the following main tasks were solved in the experiment: to determine the effect of non-root fertilizers on corn height and crop structure indicators; to establish the effect of non-root fertilizing on grain yield.

Results and conclusions. The most effective drugs have been identified, which had a significant impact on the formation of elements of the structure and yield of corn grain as a whole. Among them, the following options can be distinguished: Agromaster, where the yield was 7.9 t /ha, and the increase was 1.2 t/ha; Intermag Profi, CE – a yield of 7.7 t /ha and, accordingly, an increase of 1 t/ha; Agrostimul, VE yield of 7.5 t / ha, an increase in grain yield of 0.8 t /ha. The conducted studies show the expediency of spraying corn crops with leaf fertilizers during grain cultivation, as they are one of the effective agricultural practices aimed at increasing yields.

Summary. The technology of thermal compensation irrigation has been developed, which provides accelerated heat removal from the soil surface during periods of realization of the climatic risk of soil overheating and prevents the formation of mass precipitation in plantings due to plant death.

Abstract Introduction. The relevance of research is determined by modern requirements and trends in the development of hydro-reclamation systems and technologies, including in the field of integrated regulation of life factors, plant protection from meteorological extremes, ensuring the achievement of goals for sustainable and highly productive agricultural production. The present study is carried out within the framework of systematic work on endowing modern hydro-reclamation systems with the functions of comprehensive plant protection from climatic risks and is devoted to the development of technology capable of effectively compensating for temperature soil extremes to prevent mass death of strawberry plants during the laying and operation of plantations.

Object. Strawberry planting during the period of planting and operation of plantations, considered as an object of realization of the climatic risk of mass plant death due to overheating of the upper root-bearing soil layer.

Materials and methods. The aim of the study is to develop a technology for thermal compensation irrigation during the laying and operation of strawberry plantations, which protect plants from the risk of death due to overheating of the soil in the hot, sharply continental climate of the Lower Volga region. The working hypothesis of the research was the assumption about the possibility of using irrigation for accelerated heat removal from the soil surface during periods of climate risk. The key parameter of the technology is the frequency of watering. In methodological terms, the basis of the study is a field experiment. The main evaluation criteria were: the value of the compensated soil temperature in the 0.05-0.10 m layer, plant safety and biometric indicators, including strawberry yield.

Results and conclusions. The effectiveness of thermocompensation irrigation technology in the laying and operation of strawberry plantations in the sharply continental climate of the Lower Volga region has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. Studies have obtained convincing data confirming the possibility of reducing the temperature of the upper root-bearing soil layer by conducting thermal compensation irrigation by 3.4-10.6 0C and maintaining it no higher than 26.0-31.0 0C when the risk is realized. The parameters of thermocompensation irrigation technology for the region under consideration are experimentally substantiated. The greatest effect on compensation of soil temperature from overheating is provided when conducting thermal compensation watering immediately after drying of the soil surface or with a waiting period of 0.5 hours. This allows for a 6.2-9.9% reduction in the proportion of strawberry plant fallout in the year of plantation laying, a 12.0% reduction in total plant losses due to soil overheating and freezing during the first overwintering, and a significant increase in the coefficient of plant alignment in plantings from 75.1 to 92.9%. The highest yield of strawberries, 24.4 t/ha, was provided in areas where thermal compensation watering was carried out with a waiting period of 0.5 hours.

The article presents the results of laboratory studies on the stimulation of pea seeds with sulfuric acid salts of iron and magnesium, as well as in combination with a humate-containing complex preparation. The synergistic effect of the combination of drugs on the growth activity of pea seedlings was obtained. New knowledge has been obtained on the processing of pea seeds with growth-stimulating preparations for use in crop production in the Russian Federation.

Abstract Introduction. Unlike the seeds of grain crops, a much larger amount of productive moisture is required to obtain friendly pea shoots, approximately 150% of the seed weight. The steppe zone of Orenburg region in 80% of cases is characterized by insufficient moistening of the upper sown soil layer. In such conditions, agricultural practices that accelerate the processes of swelling and germination of seeds are very relevant.

Object. The object of the study is: seeds of Vortan peas and preparations for seed treatment: Borogum – M molybdenum, crystallohydrates of magnesium and iron sulfates.

Materials and methods. The treatment of pea seeds with preparations was carried out in plastic bags at the rate of consumption of 10 liters of working solution per 1 ton of seeds. The exposure of the treated seeds was 24 hours. Germination was carried out in a thermostat in the sand at a constant temperature of 20°C for 6 days. The laboratory experiment was based on a 4-fold repetition of 50 seeds in each repetition with subsequent processing of the experimental results. The smallest significant difference was calculated in the author's variance analysis program by B. A. Dospekhov.

Results and conclusions. Treatment of pea seeds with Borogum – M molybdenum biological preparation in combination with trace elements: iron and magnesium increases seed germination by 3% and 4% respectively. Separate use of single-component drugs does not give a positive result. Of the single-component preparations, only a 1% solution of magnesium sulfate (Epsomite) showed a significant result on the formation of sprouts in peas (an increase of 12.8%).Complex preparations in various combinations showed the best results on growth activity, the processes of formation of sprouts and roots in peas. The formation of the aboveground part of the seedling is more influenced by the combination of Borogum with magnesium (Mg): an increase of 28.3% relative to the control, and the roots – Borogum + Mg + Fe – 13.6% of the control. There is an obvious synergistic effect of enhancing the growth and development of peas at the seed germination stage from the addition of iron and magnesium sulfates to Borogum-M preparation, in which these trace elements were absent.

Introduction. When developing resource-saving technologies for the production of planting material, a significant place is given to preparations containing physiologically active substances, the action of which would lead to the stimulation of the most important physiological and biochemical processes in the plant body and, as a result, would ensure an increase in the yield and quality of seedlings.

Object of the research was the technology of production of grafted grapevine seedlings. The subject of the study is the use of synthetic medicine Melafen in the technological cycle of grafted grapevine seedlings production of Preobrazhenie, Stanichny, Tsimlyansky Cherniy (rootstock – B×R Kober 5BB) varieties.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out in All-Russian Research Ya. I. Potapenko Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking – branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center (Novocherkassk, Rostov region) in laboratory and field conditions, according to generally accepted methods in viticulture. Table grafting was used for the experiment. The method of growing seedlings is open, with mulching of the soil with a black film, the planting scheme was 0.2 x 0.15 m. The experiment included 5 variants in 3 repetitions of 100 grafts. The single cultivation technology was used in all variants of the experiments (stratification, irrigation, fertilizer, plant protection from diseases and pests).

Results and conclusions. It was found that Melafen in a very low concentrations has an effect on regeneration processes, contributing to the formation of stronger connections between the graft and rootstock cuttings. The yield of grafts after stratification, depending on the grafted variety and the concentration of the solution, increased by 1.0-23.3% relative to the control variants. The maximum yield of grafts after stratification was 93.3% (Preobrazhenie 1 x 10^-11 mg/l and Stanichny 1 x 10^-7 mg/l). Inhibition of the bud break of Tsimlyansky Cherniy variety was noted using a solution with concentrations of 1 x 10^-9 and 1 x 10^-11. In all the other variants of the experiment, Melafen stimulated the bud break and the shoot growth. The drug had a positive effect on the adaptation of grated plants to field conditions, the growth and development of seedlings in the nursery. In all experimental variants, an increase in the yield of grafted seedlings was noted, the excess relative to the control variants ranged from 0.6 to 16%. The prospects for using the drug Melafen in grape nurseries have been proven.

Summary. The article presents the results of the study of the selection material obtained under the influence of colchecin from the original spherical wheat grade of Sharad wheat. It was found that despite higher production characteristics, the qualitative characteristics of its grain corresponded to ball wheat, including the original Sharad. The cleaved macromutant soft wheat, in terms of its production indicators, did not exceed the soft wheat variety, but had the best grain quality.

Introduction. The foundation of wheat breeding remains a combination of high yield potential and grain quality with a certain resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors. Therefore, breeders pay close attention to the corresponding indicators of the starting material. However, since there is a negative correlation between harvest and grain quality, the increase in gross harvest of soft wheat T. aestivum L. A^uA^uBBDD is accompanied by some decrease in grain quality. As one of the possible options for improving the quality of the resulting products, some researchers suggest using T. Sphaerococcum Perc ball wheat. A^uA^uBBDD. The useful properties of this wheat include high quality of grain, resistance to subsidence, erektoid arrangement of leaves, low requirement for soil conditions, precocity, sunniness, undevelopment and spherical shape of the grain. The results of a comparative analysis of the area-settled varieties of spherical and soft wheat showed that the former are significantly inferior in their production indicators to the latter, but this, in some way, is compensated by the higher grain quality of the former. Therefore, it is of great interest to create, with the help of mutagenic exposure to colchicine, one of the first varieties of spherical wheat, its improved shape and macromotant soft wheat.

Materials and methods. One of the first varieties of Sharad ball wheat and macromutant forms obtained from it under the influence of colchicine served as objects of research: Sharad improved, and isolated at the same time with it, macromutant soft wheat, as well as districtsettled varieties of shearer wheat. When comparing soft wheat from Sharada with varieties of T.aestivum L, standard in the region varieties of soft millettsa Don 107, Yermak and modern zoned varieties were used. At the final stage, the line 1/10-17 and the line of soft wheat of hybrid origin 2/13-19, obtained from the combination Sharada improved x Rasswet 1, as well as 1/20-21 (Sharada improved x soft from Sharada) were used. Plants in each test were grown according to the principle of a single difference. Morphometric parameters were determined in the scale phase before or at the beginning of the scale. Morphometric parameters were determined in the scale phase before or at the beginning of flowering. In the full ripeness phase, 15-20 productive shoots were selected and after bringing them to standard humidity, structural analysis was carried out. Grain quality determination was carried out in the laboratory of general analyses of FSBNU FRANZ according to GOSTs. Statistical processing of data for B. A. Dospekhov according to Michsoft Excel standard programs.

Results and discussion. As a result of studies of the original Sharada grain wheat and macromutant forms obtained from it, it was established that plucked soft wheat has higher morphometric and production indicators. It has larger ears and, accordingly, grains and, as a result, the largest mass of grain from the ear. The lowest indicators were the original Sharada. The charade, improved in terms of the parameters of its ears and grains, occupies an intermediate position. At the same time, it is noteworthy that in turn, Sharada has an improved larger grain than the original Sharada, despite the same spherical shape. In terms of morphostructural indicators, Sharada improved significantly exceeds the original Sharada and is quite close to soft wheat., both in weight 1000 grains and in size of its flag leaf. Accordingly, the improved Sharada was superior in such an important selection feature as the mass of grains from the ear of zoned varieties of spherical wheat. At the same time, in terms of quality indicators of grain, it remained almost at the level of the original Sharada and the varieties of spherical wheat used in the production. The isolated macromutant soft wheat was, in terms of its production characteristics, at the level of those varieties of soft wheat, and in terms of grain quality at the forefront. Therefore, lines based on macromutant soft wheat had relatively good grain quality.

Conclusions. Due to the effect of colchicine, macromutant Charades improved and soft wheat are obtained from the original Sharad spherical wheat. The improved charade significantly exceeded the original charade and, currently available, other zoned varieties of ball millet. Despite higher production characteristics, the qualitative characteristics of its grain corresponded to spherical wheat, including the original Sharad. The cleaved macromutant soft wheat, in terms of its production shows, did not exceed the soft wheat variety, but had the best grain quality, which it apparently inherited from the original spherical form, which is subject to the lines created on its basis. Therefore, Sharada improved can be quite used as a source selection material for increasing the productivity of existing varieties of spherical wheat. Macromutant soft as a grain quality improver in soft wheat.

Summary. The article presents an analysis of the relationship of climatic data with the dynamics of the areas of open sand massifs identified using remote sensing data in the south of the Astrakhan Volga region over the last decade (2014-2023).

Introduction. Throughout the entire territory of the Caspian lowland, including the Astrakhan Trans-Volga region, in recent years there has been an increase in the frequency and intensification of dust storms, while winds reaching deflation-dangerous speeds also lead to an increase in the areas occupied by open sands. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of the areas of open sands for 2014-2023 and the influence of climatic factors (precipitation and wind conditions) on it.

Object. The study was conducted on the territory of the Kharabalinsky and Krasnoyarsk districts of the Astrakhan region (south of the Astrakhan Volga region). The territory is characterized by a flat relief and belongs to the dry-steppe and semi-desert natural zones.

Materials and methods. Mapping was carried out on the basis of visual interpretation of satellite images "Landsat-8, 9" (in "natural colors" and with the addition of IR) for the end of August and beginning of September. Data on wind conditions, dust storms and annual precipitation amounts from weather stations in Dosang and Kharabali were used. "QGIS" and "MS Excel" were used for processing raster, vector and statistical data.

Results and conclusions. According to the results of decryption, a total of 524 thousand hectares of open sands were identified for the entire period of the study (more than 160 thousand objects). The largest areas of open sands were identified in 2020, the smallest – in 2023. A strong positive relationship between the area of sand massifs and climatic factors (critical wind speeds and dust storms) was revealed. The reduction of the visible deciphered area of sands is associated with the growth of psammophytes, mainly annual. The results of the study are applicable in further studies of desertification in the Astrakhan region and adjacent regions, as well as in the development of reclamation measures.

Summary. The article presents the results of calculating the correlation between climatic factors and the dynamics of desertification. The data indicates an inverse and moderately strong correlation of -0.61. This means that as the GTK coefficient decreases, desertification area tends to increase. Conversely, during 2016 and 2019 when the GTK coefficient increased, there was a decrease in desertification area.

Introduction. Desertification is one of the main environmental problems in the south of Russia. To successfully combat desertification, it is required to identify all possible factors that affect the dynamics of land desertification. The article presents data on changes in the area of desertification, a study was conducted to identify the correlation between climate data and the area of desertification.

Object. territory of the Terek Kuma lowland.

Materials and methods. According to the research program, an analysis of the images of satellite images Lansat 8, 9 was carried out using the classification method "without training" according to the value of spectral-zonal channels. The work was carried out using ArcGIS PRO software. As a result, synthesized images of the study area were obtained, in which areas of desertification were identified and vectorized. On the basis of vector maps developed from multi-temporal images, a study of the dynamics of desertification was carried out. The area of desertification was calculated by years. The change during the study of climatic factors, in particular precipitation, was studied. The calculation of desertification areas from 2013 to 2021 was carried out. The calculation of the SCC index Selyaninova G. T. for the period 2013-2021. The correlation between the moistening of the territory by means of the GTK index and the area of desertification was calculated.

Results and conclusions. As a result, an inversely weak correlation of - 0.61 was revealed. With a decrease in the GTK coefficient, an increase in the area of desertification is observed. In 2016, 2019, when an increase in the value of the GTK coefficient was observed, a decrease in the area of desertification was also observed. There is an inverse correlation between the amount of precipitation and the dynamics of desertification, but there are other factors influencing this process.

Summary. This article presents the results of research conducted on the territory of the Lower Don irrigation system. The influence of water quality used for irrigation of cultivated crops on the productive potential of agricultural land has been studied. It is revealed that the limiting factor in obtaining high yields from agricultural is the unsatisfactory technical condition of reclamation systems.

Introduction. The close attention paid to the problem of changing the productivity of vegetation cover is associated with the global transformation of the climate. At the same time, anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems, mainly associated with changes in the structure of land use and human influence on soil fertility, develops largely independently of climatic processes and can dramatically affect the productivity of vegetation cover. Land reclamation for agricultural purposes is aimed at the optimal use of natural resources of the agricultural landscape, taking into account its environmental sustainability. It is necessary to study the quality of water used for soil irrigation in order to identify its impact on land productivity.

Object. The object of the study was the Lower Don irrigation system located in the direction from east to west in the interfluve of the Don and Sala.

Materials and methods. To determine the state of water and soil resources on the territory of the Lower Don irrigation system, field studies were conducted with the aim of their visual examination, sampling of water, soils and bottom sediments for chemical laboratory analysis. The potential productivity of the soil in the soil and climatic conditions of the studied territory was calculated according to the model of assessing the productive potential of the agroecosystem (Volobueva V.R., the module calculation is carried out using the program Kireicheva L.V., Timoshkina A.D.).

Results and conclusions. The influence of water quality used for irrigation of cultivated crops on the productive potential of agricultural land has been studied. It is revealed that the limiting factor of obtaining high yields from agricultural lands is the unsatisfactory technical condition of reclamation systems. In order to increase the efficiency of using the available reclaimed lands of the Volgodonsky district of the Rostov region, it is proposed to develop and implement methodological recommendations at the level of each municipal district aimed at preserving soil fertility and increasing the yield of cultivated crops.

Summary. The article emphasizes that the need to comply with federal legislation creates a difficult situation using the method of purebred breeding as the only method in livestock breeding. This determines the relevance of the ongoing research. The article assesses the possibility of purebred breeding in the herd of the Salian breed by using topcrossing.

Introduction. The fine-fleeced and semi-fine-fleeced sheep farms of the Russian Federation are going through difficult times. The trend of reducing the number of sheep has not been overcome. A balance has not been found between the meat and wool productivity of this animal species. The problem is so acute that the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, M.M. Mishustin, having visited Karachay-Cherkessia and visited sheep-breeding and infrastructure facilities in this region, instructed to take measures to improve the situation in the industry. Against this background, the number of small breeds of merino sheep is increasing, which makes it difficult to conduct breeding work.

Object. The object of research is the livestock of sheep of the Salsky breed, located on the territory of LLC Belozernoye farm in the Salsky district of the Rostov region.

Materials and methods. A scientific and economic experiment was conducted in the breeding plant of Belozernoye LLC on animals of the Salsky breed herd in 2021-2023. Inbred breeding sheep obtained in the fathergranddaughter selection system were used in the experiment. The sheep of the experimental groups, formed according to the principle of pairs of analogues, were of the elite class at the age of 2-3 lambs. Control over changes in body weight was carried out by weighing young animals at birth, at 4, 9.5 and 13.5 months of age with an accuracy of 0.5 kg. Meat productivity was assessed by conduc ting a control slaughter of sheep at the age of 9.5 months according to the method of VISH (1978). The wool productivity of yarns was assessed by the results of shearing at 13.5 months of age, the yield of pure wool was determined in laboratory conditions.

Results and conclusions. At birth, the live weight of the sheep of group 1 turned out to be 9.5% higher than that of their peers from the co ntrol group, and 7.3% higher in the bright ones. At 4 months of age, by 8.9 and 7.3%, respectively. At the age of 9.5 months and during this period, the differences between the 1st and 2nd experimental groups amounted to 7.8% in favor of the descendants of inbred sheep producers. The established differences in body weight between the groups at all age periods – both in sheep and in young sheep - were significant (P> 0.95-0.99). In terms of meat and wool productivity, according to the data of the scientific experiment, the superiority also belonged to a group of young animals obtained with the pa rticipation of inbred sheep producers.

Summary. The protein component in the composition of combined feeds for salmon is of great importance. The shortage of protein raw materials in the domestic feed market leads to the need to search for alternative sources. The possibility of using the product of microbiological synthesis "Gaprin" as part of production salmon feeds has been experimentally proven. Experimentally revealed the advantage of compound feeds containing 50 and 75% of the substance "Gaprin", instead of fishmeal, which is the optimal rate of its input.

Introduction. The quality and quantity of protein in the composition of combined feeds for salmon is of great importance. However, today there is a shortage of protein raw materials for the production of feed on the domestic market, and in this regard, alternative sources are being searched for. It is known that this quality can be: products of microbiological synthesis, meat flour, hydrolysis yeast, plant components, etc. The substance "Gaprin" is 70-79% crude protein. It is a protein product with a high content of B vitamins (in particular B12), amino acids and trace elements that fully meet the needs of animals in them. Therefore, the experimental determination of the norms for the input of biomass of the product of microbiological synthesis "Gaprin" into compound feed for rainbow trout is an urgent direction.

Object. Rainbow trout grown on domestic production feeds with the addition of the product of microbial synthesis "Gaprin".

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out in the installation of the Ultrasonic Research Center "Breeding of valuable sturgeon breeds" of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. The study was conducted using standard zootechnical experience – a method of comparing control and experimental groups and further evaluating their productive qualities. The effectiveness of the introduction of "Gaprin" into the diet was determined by weight gains, linear indicators, fatness and safety of individuals in each group. After the measurements, the absolute, average daily and relative increments were calculated.

Results and conclusions. By evaluating the results of the experiment, by testing the productive qualities of the studied individuals of rainbow trout, the advantage of the effectiveness of compound feeds containing 50 and 75% of the substance "Gaprin", instead of fish meal, which is the optimal norm, has been proved.

Summary. The article presents the results of evaluation of the effect of fulvohumate on the energy metabolism of broiler chickens. The results of studies showed that fulvohumates influenced the productive effect of digestible nutrients of the diet, in particular, led to an increase in the coefficients of digestibility of crude fat, crude protein and nitrogen-free extractive substances. At the same time, the productive effect of fulvohumates is mediated by the effect on energy metabolism, in particular, by an increase in metabolizable energy, coefficient of useful utilization of metabolizable energy and reduction of energy losses with manure.

Introduction. Growing broiler chickens is an important area of poultry production that requires certain conditions to be met in order to achieve high performance. The intensive growth rate of broiler chickens requires a large amount of energy, so the regulation of energy metabolism is an important aspect of their growth. Energy balance is a complex multifactorial process that depends primarily on the diet of the animals. Under the condition of a balanced diet, the additional introduction of growth biostimulants has an effect on metabolic states in particular and on the efficiency of cultivation in general. Humic substances, taking into account their unique physical and chemical properties, influence production parameters, immune system and general condition of animals. Considering the fact that energy is the key to productivity, an important aspect of this issue is to find out the role of humic substances on the energy balance and metabolic state of broiler chickens.

Object. The object of research is broiler chickens of the cross ArborAcres.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of FGBNU "Federal Scientific
Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy". Zootechnical analysis of feeds and biosubstrates was performed in accordance with the unified methods.

Results and conclusions. Introduction of humic substances into the diet of broiler chickens was accompanied by growth intensification, the difference in live weight of chickens of control and experimental groups amounted to 21,55 % (P≤0,05). At the same time, feed costs per 1 kg of gain in the experimental group were lower by 5.7 %. Humic substances influenced the coefficients of digestibility of nutrients of the diet, so the digestibility of crude fat was higher by 4,52 % (P≤0,05), crude protein by 3,58 % (P≤0,05) and non-nitrogenous extractive substances by 2,77 % (P≤0,05). At the same time, the productive effect of humic additives was mediated by the effect on energy metabolism, in particular, an increase in metabolizable energy and a decrease in energy losses with litter. At the same time, the increase in the metabolic energy of the supernatant and the coefficient of useful utilization of metabolic energy in the humic group indicated the overall efficiency of intercalary metabolism. Thus, humic supplementation can be an effective tool to optimize energy metabolism in broiler chickens. Their use is accompanied by an increase in live weight dynamics with a simultaneous decrease in feed conversion ratio, which also makes it cost-effective to feed this additive.

This article is devoted to bacteriological studies to detect pathogens of nonspecific infections isolated from the uterus of cows belonging to LLC “SP “Donskoye” in 2023. The bacteriological properties of the isolated pathogens of nonspecific infections and the incidence of nonspecific uterine infections in cattle were studied.

Summary. The article shows the study of non-specific infections of cows' uterus in LLC "SP "Donskoe" in 2023. Aim is to study the effect of nonspecific uterine infections on the incidence and post-fertility of cows. Four weeks after calving, the number of non-pathogenic (opportunistic) isolates decreased 1.49-fold. The study of nonspecific uterine infections in cows may provide information that can be correlated with animal performance.

Introduction. Diagnosis of metritis in most cases is carried out using various methods, including vaginoscopy, manual examination, cytology and ultrasound. Various diagnostic modalities, including transrectal palpation of the uterus, vaginoscopy, uterine biopsy, and uterine cytology, as well as varying sampling times in the postpartum period, contribute to differences in case definition and treatment options. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of nonspecific uterine infections on the incidence and subsequent fertility of cows.

Object. A total of 756 samples from 96 cows were studied on the day of calving and four weeks after calving.

Material and methods. Before each sampling, rectal temperature was measured and a brief general clinical examination was performed. Cows with a rectal temperature above 39.5°C, foul-smelling reddish-brown watery vaginal discharge and signs of systemic damage were assessed as having metritis. Before sampling the uterus, the vulva of each cow was washed with disposable paper towels and disinfected with 70% ethanol. To prevent contamination during sampling, the sampler was protected with a disposable plastic catheter and a plastic sleeve. In the uterine cavity, the plastic sleeve was retracted, and the cytobrush advanced and rolled along the wall of the uterus. The brush was then inserted into the catheter, and the instrument was removed from the genitals. Immediately after sampling, the cytobrush head was cut off and transferred into sterile phosphate buffer in a tube in a room outside the animal facility. Microbiological samples were taken in the following sequence: from the vagina, cervix and uterus of each cow. Within an hour, the material from the cell brushes was placed in Petri dishes with Columbia agar and MacConkey agar medium, and then incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours.

Results and conclusions. There is a decrease in the score in the study four weeks after calving from 3, 2, and 1 point to 0 points. Four weeks after calving, the number of non-pathogenic (opportunistic) isolates decreased by 1.49 times from 196 (68.06%) to 132 (45.83%). At the same time, the number of isolated pathogenic isolates decreased significantly, from 82 (28.47%) to 18 (6.25%) by 4.56 times. ANOVA data: P-value 0.33, F critical 5.19, Omega squared 0.16. Tests for homogeneity of variances: Hartley Fmax 4.00, P-value 0.98, Cochran C 0.50, P-value 0.58. Other microorganisms took the leading place among the isolated isolates 658 (28.96%). They are followed by enterobacteria 354 isolates (15.58), non-hemolytic streptococci 325 isolates (14.30), coagulase-positive staphylococci – 247 isolates (10.87%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci – 244 isolates (10.74%), bacilli 215 cases (9. 46%), Proteus was identified in 115 cases (5.06%) and diphtheroides in 114 (5.02%).

Introduction. Often the reason for the premature culling of roosters is a decrease in the fertilizing ability of their sperm as a result of increased exploitation. The available data obtained during the study allow us to state the need for the use of water-soluble liquid feed additives to maintain high rates of sexual activity in roosters. The purpose of the study is to study the comparative effectiveness of using water-soluble feed additives “Rasil Humic Vet” and “Silymarin nSePs” on changes in blood parameters in roosters.

Object. The experiment used roosters of the HISEX brown cross.

Materials and methods. The selected roosters were divided into three groups: group 1 (n=5) – control; The 2nd group (n=5) experimental group received “Reasil Humic Vet” with water, the 3rd group (n=5) experimental group received “Silymarin nSePs” with water. It has been established that drinking the liquid feed additive “Reasil Humic Vet” and the product “Silymarin nSePs” with water neutralizes the negative “technological” stress effect on the body of breeding roosters.

Results and conclusions. It was established that the variability and level of biochemical parameters of blood plasma in roosters of the 1st control group were significantly higher in the content of triglycerides, cholesterol, cortisol and corticosterone, in comparison with experimental breeding roosters, which indicates the stress of this group. The use of biologically active additives "Reasil Humic Vet" and Silymarin nSePs for breeding roosters helps to reduce the level of concentration of the hormone corticosterone in the blood serum of experimental animals by 33.47% and 34.9% relative to control ones. At the same time, the use of these dietary supplements stimulates hematopoiesis, which is reliably stated. At the same time, the use of these biologically active additives stimulates hematopoiesis, as evidenced by significantly higher numbers of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration in the blood of experimental animals relative to control roosters. In the experimental groups, there was a significant increase in lacto- and bifidobacteria with a simultaneous decrease in the number of coliform bacteria, enterococci and staphylococci. The materials presented in the article describe a solution to the problem of maintaining reproductive health through the use of liquid watersoluble feed additives "Reasil Humic Vet", consisting of a solution of high molecular weight sodium salts of humic acids from leonardite and the product "Silymarin nSePs", containing colloidal selenium and silymarin as nanoparticles and stabilizer.

Summary. The article shows the influence analysis results of cow-mothers' culling age on the cow-daughters' productive longevity and reproductive ability. The influence of cows' culling age on the cow-daughters' age at first calving and the mothers' insignificant influence on economic use period and lifetime milk yield of daughters has been established. The research results can be recommended for use in breeding work with RedMottley breed cows.

Introduction. Increasing the cows' productive longevity and improving their reproductive ability is one of the important tasks in dairy cattle breeding in our country. Long-term operation of cows allows for more efficient breeding work with cattle and contributes to improving the industry's efficiency as a whole. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the cows' average culling age is 3.3 calving, but their highest productivity is usually manifested only in 4-6 lactation.

Object. The research object was Red-Mottley breed cows.

Materials and methods. To conduct research in CJSC "Nazarovskoye" of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, a database with using the Selex program was formed. The statistical processing included data from 2,199 cows that dropped out of the herd from 2017 to 2022 at age of the first completed lactation and older. The cows were divided into groups depending on the culling age of their cow-mothers.

Results and conclusions. It was discovered that the cows received from mothers who had the culling age of 5.3-7.2 years were characterized by the highest milk yield and the longest of economic use period. Cows received from mothers who had the culling age of 7.3 years and older had the lowest age at first calving. Reliable positive associations of weak strength were found in groups I and III between the cow-mothers' culling age and such indicators as duration of economic use of daughters (r = 0.08 ...0.11; P>0.95...0.99), lifetime milk yield (r = 0.09...0.11; P>0.99), life expectancy (r = 0.08...0.10; P>0.95) and number of lactation (r = 0.07 ...0.11; P>0.95...0.99).

The article provides data on the antimicrobial properties of Hermetia Illucens. According to the studied literature, antimicrobial peptides are classified into groups. In addition, the fatty acid composition of a 15-dayold larva and the biological activity of fat were analyzed and presented. Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of black lion larvae fat in the plant food matrix.

Introduction. In the modern world, multi-drug antibiotic resistance is an increasingly serious problem which poses a serious threat to plants, animals and humans. The unreasonable use of antibiotics has led to the spread and increase in the number of infectious diseases that existing antibiotics may not be able to cope with. Thus, there is a need for the development of new classes of antibiotics that do not induce resistance. It is necessary to find agents with new mechanisms of action for the development of such antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial peptides are excellent candidates for this role. Penetrating through the membranes, they affect the target protein without high specificity, which in turn reduces the probability of induced resistance to a minimum. Scientists have identified about 57 active peptides belonging to various groups of antimicrobial peptides, including defensins, cecropins, attacins and lysozyme. Defensins form the largest group of antimicrobial peptides in insects. As a rule, a defensin-like peptide contains from 34 to 43 amino acids. Antimicrobial peptides obtained from Hermetia illucens can become a good alternative to antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, as they differ in their antimicrobial properties and are less likely to induce resistance. The lipid composition as well as the amino acid composition can be changed by different larvae diets. Larvae fat contains oleic, palmitic, lauric, myristic, stearic and palmitolic acids, which are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and have an intense effect against bacteria.

Summary. The article reflects the results of a study conducted in the conditions of the Belgorod State Agrarian University for the inclusion in the diets of broiler chickens of the Ross - 308 cross of a plant extract with an antioxidant effect obtained by percolation with organic solvents from cocoa shell. The research results showed that the use of plant extract had a positive effect on the productivity of broiler chickens.

Introduction. Today, a large role in the preparation of feed rations is assigned to the use of organic waste – as one of the ways of their secondary use and the main nutritional component. The shell of the cocoa bean husk is one of the examples of by–products with many valuable biologically active components. The husk is about 52-76% of the total weight of cocoa fruits. In the production of dry beans, ten tons of husk account for every ton received, which is an important problem in waste disposal. The purpose of the experiment is to study and evaluate the effectiveness of various doses of plant extract when introduced into the diets of broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross.

Object. The object of research is broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the conditions of the scientific and production laboratory of poultry farming of the UNIC "Agrotechnopark" of the Belgorod State Agrarian University. The experiment was carried out according to the methodology of FGBNU "VNIiTIP".

Results and conclusions. It was found that when the broiler chickens were included in the diet of the obtained feed additive throughout the entire experimental period in the amount of 50 g /t, 100 g / t, 150 g / t, 200 g /t, 250 g/t, the live weight increased, in comparison with the control group by 1.38-2.83%, the safety livestock by 2.0- 4.0%, the production efficiency index by 16.3 – 32.4 units. We consider it expedient to use the dosage of the 4th experimental group for industrial feeding of broiler chickens – 200 g / t of compound feed, which increases the live weight in comparison with the control by 76.44 g (2.65%), safety by 4.0%, the production efficiency index by 32.4 units.

Summary. The paper presents data on the study of modified succinic acid in the diets of broiler chickens in the conditions of the Belgorod State Agrarian University. As a result of the conducted studies, it can be concluded that the introduction of modified succinic acid (Leoxum) at the age of 0-10 days – 1.25 mg of Leoxum per head per day and from 21 to 30 days – 2.5 mg of Leoxum per head per day contributes to: increase in live weight by 2.8 %; reduction of conversion by 0.07 units; preservation of safety indicators. A more in-depth study of the effect of Leoxum on the body of broiler chickens and clarification of dosages is required.

Introduction. Broiler meat production is intensive fattening of chickens. The main goals that are set during production are the protection of animal health from various diseases and obtaining high–quality and environmentally friendly products from them. There is an urgent question about the need to find acceptable ways of growing and preventing poultry diseases that would be fruitful in economic terms. It is necessary to choose a universal tool that would be effective, but, on the other hand, would not have a negative impact and would be safe for the final product. Organic acids have proven themselves in poultry farming. They can suppress both the development and spread of intestinal pathogens and the negative effects of the body's immune system, avoiding the expenditure of nutrients on the immune response. Also, this group of feed additives can improve their absorption and significantly increase the productivity of poultry. There is information in the literature about the use of succinic acid in agriculture. Succinic acid is known to take part in energy metabolism. The aim of the research was to study the effect of modified succinic acid (feed additive Leoxum) on the main zootechnical indicators in the cultivation of broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross.

Object. The object of research is broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the conditions of the scientific and production laboratory of poultry farming of the UNIC "Agrotechnopark" of the Belgorod State Agrarian University. The experiment was carried out according to the methodology of FGBNU "VNIiTIP".

Results and conclusions. As a result of the conducted studies, it can be concluded that the introduction of modified succinic acid (Leoxum) at the age of 0-10 days – 1.25 mg of Leoxum per head per day and from 21 to 30 days – 2.5 mg of Leoxum per head per day contributes to: increase in live weight by 2.8%; decrease in conversion by 0.07 units; preservation of safety indicators. A more in - depth study of the effect of Leoxum on the body of broiler chickens and clarification of dosages is required.

Introduction. One of the important factors significantly influencing the production of hydrogel of melon crops is contamination, and especially during their development from germination to the "Shatrik" phase. It is known that the main part of melons (watermelons, pumpkins, melons, squash, etc.) are cultivated on light sandy loam soils, with a feeding area of 1.0 to 6.0 m² per plant. The area of nutrition depends on the type of crop being cultivated. Before sowing melon seeds, pre-sowing tillage is carried out by cultivators to the depth of seed embedding. On the 5th-6th day, and sometimes even earlier, weed shoots appear, the most active are root weeds (field aspen, field bindweed, milkweed, etc.). It is known that the roots of these weeds reach a depth of 4.0 m. At the same time, there is a branching of the root system, the main node of which is located at a depth of 7.0 to 10.0 cm. The removal of weeds by conventional cultivators with flat-cutting paws is carried out by pruning them at a depth of 6...7 cm. A large depth is not recommended due to possible damage to the roots of cultivated plants, as well as an increase in the width of the protective zone. It is known that after pruning, additional growth points are formed at the site of the cut and the branching of the weed roots increases. The periods between treatments decrease, which leads to unnecessary costs and an increase in cost has a detrimental effect on the soil, due to repeated pruning, increases the protective zone of a row of melons, which is processed manually. Therefore, machines with working bodies are needed to ensure combing of the root system of weeds.

Object. As an object of research, it is proposed to consider combing the roots of weeds together with the vegetative part with special working organs.

Materials and methods. In theoretical studies, the Preston hypothesis was used in the form of a mathematical model describing the destruction of a material due to the displacement of layers depending on the limiting values of velocities and forces, taking into account the elastic properties of the material.

Results and conclusions. When cultivating melons, the most expensive operation is the care of crops and, first of all, the treatment of crops from weeds. Therefore, a machine has been developed that can come out weeds by grabbing them by the root system. Such a technological operation is provided by special working bodies in the form of staples, capturing the root at a certain depth and pulling it out from the lower layers of the soil. In order to theoretically find a condition that excludes pruning of the root at the place of its capture, a study was carried out and the dependences of the displacement of the layers of the root crust on the force and speed of the action of the working organ were obtained. The limit values of the values are 2Н.

Summary. An automatic regulator for water distribution in open irrigation systems is proposed, which will find application in farms that need reliable accounting data, filling and maintaining specified water levels in irrigation canals.

Introduction. Rational use of water bodies is possible only if reclamation systems are equipped with modern and affordable automation means, which will allow reducing unproductive water losses at the lowest cost of production and operation. The relevance of creating new automatic water flow regulators is due to the increase in irrigated areas for the implementation of the program in the Volgograd region.

Object. The object of the study is the water level regulator in the downstream of the irrigation canal.

Materials and methods. A theoretical justification is given for calculating the capacity of the developed auto-regulator based on an analysis of fluid flow using D. Bernouli's equation and a hydraulic calculation of the regulator elements.

Results and conclusions. An automatic regulator has been developed for water distribution in open irrigation systems, which allows for initial filling in accordance with the calculated flow rate, does not allow overflow, maintains a given water level during operation, does not depend on electricity, has a simple design, resistance to external influences and the ability to be serviced by personnel without special highly qualified training and significant time investment. A theoretical justification is given for calculating the capacity of the developed auto-regulator based on an analysis of fluid flow using D. Bernouli's equation and a hydraulic calculation of the regulator elements.

Summary. The article presents the study results of air temperature and humidity regimes in a cow barn with tie-stall housing conducted in January-June 2021. The monitoring outcomes and statistical data analysis resulted in the mathematical models, which could be the basis for the creation of modern microclimate control systems in cow barns.

Introduction. Several factors, including the outside environment, govern the formation of optimal temperature and humidity conditions in a cow barn. The study aimed to monitor the air environment parameters in a cow barn and to establish the patterns, by which the temperature and humidity regimes in the cow barn were formed under different weather conditions. Research associated with identifying these patterns in live-stock premises in the North-West Region of the Russian Federation will make it possible to create an array of mathematical models for different technologies of cattle housing essentially required in the development of modern microclimate control systems livestock housing facilities.

Object. The study object was a barn for 200 dairy cows with tie-stall housing and a natural ventilation system.

Materials and methods. The study monitored the temperature and relative air humidity in the cow barn in January-June of 2021 with a stationary system designed at IEEP – branch of Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. The data analysis using MS Excel and Mathcad software packages resulted with the mathematical models.

Results and conclusions. The variation amplitude of indoor parameters was smaller than that in external weather conditions. When the outside air temperature fluctuated from -5^°С to +20^°С, the temperature in the cow barn varied from +7^°С to +22^°С. The relative air humidity in the cow barn was within 69±20%, and the outside air humidity was 58±42%. Statistical data analysis for the period from January to March showed that the air temperature in the cow barn in winter with a probability of 0.955 would be in the range of +12.6±4.68°C and depend on the outside air temperature only by 23%. Statistical data analysis for the period from April to June showed that the air temperature in the cow barn with a probability of 0.955 would be in the range of +18.23±7.72^°C and depend on the outside temperature by 75%. The relative humidity in the cow barn during this period with a probability of 0.955 will be in the range of 67.3±26.2% and depend on the relative humidity of the outside air by 65%. The high dependence of these parameters on the outside environment in the period from April to June, compared with the period from January to March, is explained by a larger air exchange, as a rule, owing to completely open windows and gates.

Summary. The article presents the results of a study of comparative energy and environmental assessment of soilcultivating machines. The results showed that the developed combined tillage machine KPM-2.7 in combination with a tractor of class 1.4 is superior in productivity, fuel consumption, energy intensity of the tillage process and emissions of toxic components to its mass-produced analogue – the KN-2.8 cultivator and can be recommended for use in the production of crop products on intensive technologies.

Introduction. With the transition to modern intensive technologies for the production of crop products, the requirements for the design of machines and their use are increasing and becoming more stringent. The new technical means being developed, including soil-cultivating units, must ensure energy, environmental and economic efficiency in the process of performing technological operations during the operation period. The purpose of the research is to compare energy and environmental indicators for assessing the effectiveness of tillage units for surface and shallow tillage.

Object. The object of research was the process of surface and shallow tillage of soil using tillage machines KPM-2.7 and KN-2.8 in conjunction with a class 1.4 tractor.

Materials and methods. When conducting research, methods of energy assessment of technical means were used, based on the identification and study of patterns occurring during soil cultivation.

Results and conclusions. A comprehensive comparative assessment of the operation of soil-cultivating units MTZ-82.1+KPM-2.7 and MTZ-82.1+KN-2.8 for surface and shallow tillage was carried out. The following evaluation indicators were considered: economic – productivity and per-hectare fuel consumption, energy – energy intensity of the technological process, environmental – the mass of toxic components emitted into the atmosphere when processing 1 hectare of area with soil-cultivating units. The patterns of changes in productivity, per-hectare fuel consumption, energy intensity of the technological process and the mass of toxic components emitted into the atmosphere when cultivating 1 hectare of area, depending on the speed of movement of soil-cultivating units, have been established. A comparative assessment of the performance of soil-cultivating machines showed that the combined soil-cultivating machine KPM-2.7, developed in the Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production (IEEP) branch of Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, in conjunction with a tractor of class 1.4, developed in the main indicators, is superior to its analogue - KN-2.8 with the MTZ-82.1 tractor. The MTZ-82.1+KPM-2.7 tillage unit, compared to the MTZ-82.1+KN-2.8, provides an increase in productivity by 3.9-5.7%, a reduction in fuel consumption per hectare by 3.8-5.5%, and a reduction in the energy intensity of the tillage process by 3.82-5.64% and emissions of toxic components by 3.8-5.5%.

Currently, in order to increase the reliability and reliability of drip irrigation systems as a result at the stage of operation of the facility, it is necessary to take into account the results of assessing the influence of design, technological, design and operational factors on the performance of drippers.

Introduction. In modern conditions, when growing crops, the performance of drip irrigation systems largely depends on the reliability of the drippers. In this regard, to improve the reliability and quality of the elements of drip irrigation systems, it is first of all possible to increase the operational reliability of the systems.

Object. The object of the study is the operational reliability and reliability of drip irrigation systems.

Materials and methods. This article substantiates the theory of reliability of drip irrigation systems. It has been established that during the operation of drip irrigation, the reliability of operation of drip irrigation systems largely depends on the materials used in manufacturing, their design parameters, and operating modes. To establish the reliability of drip irrigation systems, the method of mathematical statistics is used, i.e., the law of time-to-failure distribution.

Results and conclusions. The study found that the performance of a dripper with a change in diameter from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm and a turbidity of irrigation water of 2.0 g/l improves from 58 to 96 %, respectively. In addition, with an increase in the diameter of the dropper from 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, the probability of failure-free operation of the dropper changes within the range P(t) = 0.58-1.0, and when changing from 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm P(t) = 0.80-1.0. These data are greater than the recommended reliability coefficient of 0.798. Based on the analysis and data obtained, we supplemented the existing structural diagram of the operational reliability of the drip irrigation system as a fourth factor – human. The issues of theoretical justification and practical application of information and analytical drip irrigation control systems are considered.

Summary. Currently, weak technical equipment remains a deterrent to highly efficient harvesting of high-quality feed, the renewal of agricultural machinery lags behind the rate of its disposal by 3...4 times. The article discusses the results of research on agrotechnical and energy indicators of machines for strip sowing of grasses in the turf of the MPTD family, developed on the basis of the FSАC VIM.

Introduction. The development of feed production is a strategic direction in the development of rational nature management in agriculture in Russia. Natural and seeded forage lands are one of the main sources of feed for livestock. However, significant areas of hayfields and pastures, both in terms of yield and the quality of grasses growing on them, do not meet the requirements of animal husbandry: low productivity of natural forage lands – 7...13 kg/ha of dry matter, unsatisfactory condition of natural lands, extensive system of grassland management, etc. The average annual rate of degradation of grass stands continues to increase due to the lack of advanced technologies and machines for improving forage lands. One of the options for surface improvement of pastures and hayfields is strip processing of sod and planting grasses in the treated strips.

Object. The object of research is the machines developed on the basis of the FSАC VIM for strip sowing of grasses in the turf of the MPTD family.

Materials and methods. The necessary calculations were carried out on the basis of well-known dependencies of efficiency theory and mathematical analysis, optimization methods, and probability theory. Field research was carried out in accordance with current methodological requirements and standards.

Results and conclusions. The analysis of agrotechnical and energy indicators developed on the basis of FSАC VIM machines for strip sowing of grasses in the turf of the MPTD family on the basis of field tests was carried out. As a result, the use of special grassland equipment is justified, which provides an increase in productivity and improvement of the species composition of the herbage of cultivated and natural forage lands with an increase in the yield of grasses by 1.8...2.5 times and a reduction in the consumption of fuel and lubricants by 30...40%.

Summary. The proposed article presents research on the drip-injection irrigation system for vegetable crops, for managing the water regime of the soil, with the function of fine sprinkling of cultivated crops. The water consumption in the proposed irrigation system is 0.6-1.0 liters/hour, which is an order of magnitude less than with drip irrigation.

Introduction. Research on the development of combined irrigation systems for perennial and agricultural crops by VNIIGiM scientists has been conducted since 1976. Previously developed combined irrigation systems, such as drip irrigation, combined with aerosol humidification, intra-soil irrigation in combination with fine sprinkling have proven themselves on the positive side, especially in critical dry years. The use of low-volume combined irrigation systems for the cultivation of row crops has been reduced to a minimum dependence of yield on climatic risks.

Object. The development of the irrigation system was based on the improvement of the drip-injection irrigation system. Based on the analysis of long-term meteorological data, a combined irrigation system is proposed, which includes structural elements for the functional capabilities of regulating the hydrothermal regime of the irrigated area.

Materials and methods. In our research on the regulation of the hydrothermal regime in agrophytocenoses, we used materials from regional weather stations. Observations were conducted daily. The time of the beginning and completion of fine sprinkling (MDD) was determined by the method of the time interval between subsequent humidifications.

Results and conclusions. The development of combined irrigation methods is being held back due to the many unresolved issues related to irrigation processes. A significant disadvantage of the existing low-volume local irrigation systems, in relation to the problem being solved, is that without the function of humidifying the air, leaf surface and lowering the temperature in the plant environment, during vegetative watering in hot and dry years, there is no possibility of regulating the hydrothermal regime, and in general to influence the physiological processes of plant development. An increase in the required humidity and air temperature, with injection - drip irrigation, is possible only with precipitation, i.e. for a short period of time, which depends only on weather conditions. In areas of risky agriculture, where frequent droughts and dry spells prevail, the cultivation of crops under irrigation by low-volume methods without MDD often leads to significant risk, and leads to partial or complete loss of yield.

Introduction. Soy is one of the few agricultural crops that provide the diet of humans and animals with the necessary amount of vegetable protein. Studies of scientists and specialists have established that soy, with a yield of up to 250 c / ha, is capable of harvesting from an area of 100 ha and providing vegetable protein for a whole year to the population of a small town (up to 10 thousand people), according to the standards recommended by the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The protein content in soy reaches 35..38%, which corresponds to the best indicators compared to all legumes. However, large amounts of water are needed to grow soybeans, since this crop is very warm and moisture-loving. So in order to obtain one ton of soybeans of the Volgogradka-2 variety, it is necessary to supply at least 650 m ^ 3 of water during irrigation by sprinkling. In recent years, due to a significant increase in temperature and the globally recognized climate change towards an increase in positive temperatures, drought phenomena are increasingly manifested. Therefore, saving water becomes an urgent problem of humanity. We propose to use sorbents capable of accumulating excess moisture when growing soybeans, with its increased content, and then, as it decreases in the soil, transfer it to the roots of the plant. As such a sorbent, "Avaxin" was used, with a water retention capacity of 1:138 on distilled water of 1:118 – when using irrigation water from open reservoirs. Since the use of sorbents is quite expensive, the design of a seeder with a coulter capable of feeding hydrogel and fertilizers locally is proposed; i.e., into the row zone.

Object. The technological process of the seeder's coulter operation when sowing soybean seeds with the supply of enriched hydrogel was considered as an object of research.

Materials and methods. The research used: laboratory equipment equipped with modern devices for recording the technological parameters of the coulter; the sowing section of the seeder, with a modernized coulter; Methodological developments for conducting and performing research; processing of the results was carried out on the basis of adapted theoretical recommendations.

Results and conclusions. To reduce the cost of irrigation by sprinkling when growing soybeans, it is necessary to use a hydrosorbent that can accumulate moisture in excess and transfer it through the roots to plants, while reducing the content in the soil. Due to the high costs of obtaining a hydrosorbent (from 400 to 800 rubles per 1 kg), it is necessary to introduce it locally, directly into the rare zone, for which a seed drill for sowing soybean seeds with simultaneous introduction of hydrogel below the bottom of the seed furrow by 7 cm has been developed. Laboratory and production experiments were carried out to determine the design and kinematic parameters of the converted coulter. As a result, it was found that in order to comply with agrotechnological parameters when sowing soybean seeds, it is necessary that the speed of the unit does not exceed 2.5 m/ s (9.0 km / h), and to reduce the vibrations of the coulter, it is recommended to install bushings in the hinges of the coulter attachment links to reduce the gaps and vibrations of the coulter in depth.

Summary. The strategic goal of modern agriculture is the vital need to increase crop yields while maintaining its quality, minimizing the total energy costs for cultivation and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. It is quite possible to achieve these tasks if you have healthy seeds, characterized, first of all, by improved sowing qualities.

Introduction. The strategic goal of modern agriculture is the vital need to increase crop yields while maintaining crop quality, minimizing the total energy costs of cultivation and negating the negative impact on the environment. It is quite possible to accomplish these tasks if you have healthy seeds, characterized, first of all, by improved sowing qualities.

Object. To implement the indicated approaches, today it is possible to use the preparation of seeds for sowing, using a variety of electrophysical influences, including processing of seed material in a high-voltage electric field.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out by the Problem Research Laboratory “Bioenergy Research and Effective Electrotechnologies” of the Volgograd State Agrarian University, as well as on the basis of the experimental field of the Federal National Scientific Center “Agroecology, integrated reclamation and protective afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences” and the peasant farm of N. N. Oleinikov.

Results and conclusions. The purpose of the presented article is to analyze the results obtained from studying the process of treating grain crop seeds before sowing in an electric field of constant (EPPVN) and alternating high voltage (EPPVN), as well as in the electric field of pulsed high-voltage discharges (EPHVD). For the research, a universal experimental setup was assembled, which could be transformed to change processing modes for processing seeds in electric fields of all designated types. According to the results of the experiments, there was a clear dependence of the speed and speed of germination of seeds of winter triticale and winter barley on the effects of electrical nature on them. The effectiveness of the effects and their modes is also manifested in the protection of plants from various pests, for example, against flea beetles and meromyses – this is a treatment in EPPrVN lasting 120 s.; against the Swedish fly – EPPrVN lasting 60 s.; against wheat thrips – EPIVN lasting 60 s. The use of pre-sowing treatment of winter barley seeds in EPIVN made it possible to increase the weight of 1000 seeds on average: a) by 1.16-1.94 g at a seeding rate of 3.0 million seedlings. seeds per 1 ha; b) by 0.48-1.44 g at a rate of 3.5 million shoots. seeds per 1 ha. Over two years of observation, an increase in the yield of barley plants from treated seeds over crops with untreated seeding material at a seeding rate of 3.0 million seedlings. seeds per 1 hectare ranged from 0.006 to 0.23 t/ha, and with 3.5 million seeds per 1 hectare – from 0.06 to 0.22 t/ha.

Summary. The legislative and investment initiatives of agrarian regions of the Russian Federation occupying the top lines of the investment rating in the field of renewable energy were analyzed to select the practices that should be adopted by less successful regions.

Introduction. The introduction of renewable energy power plants into regional energy systems is an important stage in the implementation of Russian energy strategy for the period until 2030, however, not all regions are successful in this task. Some of Russian agricultural regions are more successful than others at integrating renewable energy into their energy system. Agrarian regions that have rich climatic potential but that are not included in the lists of leaders in the field of renewable energy sources, such as, for example, the Krasnodar region, can borrow successful experience in introduction of regional economic programs to support renewable energy sources and in their legal support. In order to adopt the experience and best practices of the regions of the Russian Federation most successful in introduction of installations based on renewable energy sources into their energy balance it is necessary to determine in which aspects of the introduction of renewable energy sources into their energy balance these regions have succeeded.

Object. Renewable energy power plants as an element of the regional energy system.

Materials and methods. Methods of statistical processing, fundamentals of electrical engineering and energetics were used when conducting research and making calculations. For the purposes of the study, seven agricultural regions occupying the top lines of the RREDA ranking were selected, namely Krasnodar region, Rostov region, Stavropol region, Astrakhan region, Republic of Kalmykia, Volgograd region and Orenburg region. To borrow the experience and best practices of the regions of the Russian Federation that most successfully implement installations based on renewable energy sources into their energy balance, the following assessment criteria were identified: renewable energy potential of the region, installed capacity of renewable energy equipment, share of renewable energy sources in fulfillment of regional demand, energy generated per 1 MW of installed capacity.

Results and conclusions. Based on the criteria chosen in the methodology, we should highlight Republic of Kalmykia, in which it was possible to use the high potential of renewable energy resources to bring the region from a deep energy deficiency to energy neutrality, and Stavropol region, in which, under less favorable climatic conditions, it was possible to achieve high energy generation per 1 MW of installed capacity and the largest energy production from renewable energy installations among the regions.

Summary. The article presents the results of determining the humus content in the studied soil samples. Obtaining the results was based on processing phonograms with subsequent decomposition of the acoustic signal into a Fourier spectrum. The obtained spectrum was processed by the method of pattern recognition with division into classes corresponding to the proportion of humus content in the soil.

Introduction. Obtaining a stable harvest in agricultural fields of the agroindustrial complex is inextricably linked with the annual agrochemical analysis of soils. One of the indicators of soil quality is the content of humus in the arable layer. The development of an express analysis to determine the humus content in the analyzed layers of soils is the purpose of this research. At this stage of research, the task is to analyze the acoustic absorption signal and select the necessary number of factors that allow recognizing the structure of an object according to the accepted classification scale.

Object. The object of research is samples of soil layers in order to determine the humus content in the soil.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out by analyzing and decomposing the acoustic signal transmitted by an electromechanical transducer to the surface of a vibrator in contact with the analyzed soil, where the acoustic absorption signal is received by a sensor installed on the object.

Results and conclusions. In order to diagnose soil samples by humus content, the acoustic signal is decomposed into natural components corresponding to various signal sources, therefore, by decomposing the complete signal into orthogonal components - the main and timbre harmonics, it is possible to isolate the informative part of the signal, freeing it from noise interference. The informative signal prepared in this way is subjected to mathematical processing. After restrictions, filtering in the information frequency band and pre-amplification, the time series of signals is decomposed into the acoustic Fourier spectrum and analyzed by the fundamental frequency and highest timbre harmonics of the diagnostic spectrum. The signal is decrypted using the method of potential functions from the theory of pattern recognition into classes of elemental composition of soils. In an experiment with known (reference) classes of objects, the spectra lead to their own central axes, replacing each spectrum with an equivalent application point found by the method of static moments. After obtaining the dividing boundaries, all experimentally obtained pairs of samples with coordinates f₁ – frequency and f₂ – amplitude are plotted on the graph.

Summary. This article is aimed at the analysis and creation of new reclamation systems for irrigation of agricultural products associated with climate risk. The scientific novelty is determined in the solution of the proposed irrigation system with a submersible water intake device.

Introduction. The optimal value of the water temperature for irrigation is 18... 22 degrees. The temperature of the water from the well does not exceed the threshold of 7... 9 degrees. This will not benefit the plants. According to scientists, the temperature difference between soil and water for irrigation should not exceed 5 degrees. Therefore, it is advisable not only to measure the temperature of the water, but also to ensure that containers are available in irrigation areas to warm it up. This approach is especially necessary when irrigating seedlings.

Object. Based on existing irrigation equipment and technological processes for growing vegetable crops in the open ground, we offer a technology for water intake of irrigation water from different depths of the reservoir.

Materials and methods. The proposed experimental technology of water intake from different depths is necessary for watering plants with water with different values of optimal temperature. The experimental system also includes materials from previous developments of float water intake devices, an air cushion for regulating the depth of irrigation water intake and scientific materials accumulated by VNIIGiM scientists.

Results and conclusions. The article analyzes and makes recommendations on the creation of new reclamation systems for irrigation of agricultural products associated with climate risk. The scientific novelty is determined in the solution of the proposed irrigation system with a submersible water intake device. The submersible device is used to take water from a depth of 0.5...2.5 meters from the mirror of the water surface. At the same time, in the irrigation season, the temperature of the irrigation water depends on the depth of immersion. The deeper we pump the water, the colder it is, and vice versa, the closer to the water mirror, the warmer it is. Thus, our technology is aimed at taking water of different temperatures, depending on the depth of immersion of the float intake device, for irrigation of cultivated plants.

Summary. The study analyzed the environmental impact of agricultural technologies and the current legal and regulatory documents. Further, the study designed an information and analytical system for estimating the environmental compliance of agricultural enterprises and supporting the related managerial decision-making. The article describes the structure and some features of the system.

Introduction. In today's world, the acute are the issues of human and environmental security. The Stockholm+50 conference held in 2022 drew attention to the unfolding triple planetary crisis of climate change, ecosystem degradation and environmental pollution. The efforts of all countries should be focused on overcoming it. In recent years, our country has adopted several important documents referring to combating the climate change and promoting the global sustainability, environmental management, and human well-being. The environmental impact of agricultural sector is ever increasing with introducing the industrial production methods into agricultural technologies. There is a growing relevance of monitoring and forecasting the environmental conditions in agroecosystems. This supports their management and ensures their sustainable functioning and development. The decision-making is effective only through processing of large amounts of data. Digital platforms allow for rapid analysis of the required information thus reducing the time and improving the quality of decisions.

Object. The study object was the information and analytical systems for assessing the environmental safety of agroecosystems and supporting the decision-making on their management.

Materials and Methods. The study applied the system analysis, analytical methods and generalization of research results from literature sources. The information system was implemented in the Visual FoxPro 9.0 software development environment.

Results and conclusions. An information and analytical system was designed to improve the planning efficiency of agricultural production development with due account for environmental requirements complying with current legislation and regulations. The developed database got a State Registration Certificate No. 2023621601 dated May 19, 2023. To date, the database contains about 600 documents. The system’s functionality allows quickly finding the required materials, methods and standards for environmental assessment of agricultural enterprises, planning work on their development following the environmental requirements and, accordingly, making necessary calculations for the environmental assessment.

Introduction. Over the past ten years, there has been a deterioration in the state of recreational planting, urban ecosystems, protective forests and forest-agrarian landscapes, which leads to a violation of the ecological balance in the vast territories of the country. At the same time, the degradation of the soil cover (water regime) is observed, natural ecological systems are being destroyed due to climate change, and there is a danger of extinction of many animal species. Replenishment of the assortment of trees and shrubs is of significant practical importance for agro- and urban landscapes of the dry-steppe, semi-desert regions of the Volgograd region and the Lower Volga region. Special attention of the scientific community is currently focused on the development of electro physical methods of influencing plant seeds, including tree species, in order to obtain stronger and higher-quality seedlings.

Object. The seeds of Crimean pine (Pinus nigra.L), widely distributed in various types of protective forest plantations of the Southern Federal District, and were chosen as the object of research.

Materials and methods. In the laboratory of the Volgograd State Agrarian University, a prototype of an installation for the study of seeds treated in a high-voltage alternating current electric field was assembled, consisting of an industrially manufactured SCAT-70 apparatus, two plate electrodes placed in an experimental cell. To study the response of woody plants to the modes of electro physical exposure, experiments were laid, according to which the impact of a high-voltage alternating electric field on the qualitative indicators of the development of seedlings was assessed.

Results and discussion. The field experimental studies performed to determine the qualitative indicators of the development of seedlings of tree species and the change in their morphometry during electrical stimulation confirm the hypothesis of a positive effect of the alternating current electric field. Positive results have been revealed, which significantly increase the development of the root system and the plant itself by accelerating the course of biological processes and releasing additional energy for plant growth.

Conclusions. Based on the research during the field experience in the nursery of the Nizhnevolzhskaya Station for the selection of woody Plants of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the following conclusions can be drawn: – The effect of a high-voltage AC electric field on the seeds of Crimean pine has a generally positive effect by increasing the quality indicators exceeding the standard methods of intensive agricultural techniques for growing planting material; – Seeds that have undergone electrical stimulation above the value of the electric field strength of 5.0 kV / cm sharply worsen the development of the plant and the percentage of healthy seedlings.

Summary. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the working bodies of chisel tools with improved geometric characteristics. The results of experimental studies have shown that the use of working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface can reduce the total traction resistance of the tractor by 6-9%. It is noted that the effectiveness of the use of experimental working bodies decreases with an increase in the speed of movement of the unit.

Introduction. Among the effective agrotechnical methods of soil destruction, from the point of view of environmental factors (the development of wind and water erosion), it is possible to distinguish non-dumping loosening with chisel plows. This agrotechnical technique is used, as a rule, on "heavy" soils: the value of the resistivity coefficient is 6.5 – 11 kg / cm2; the humus content is less than 2%; the reduced value of soil moisture at the time of chisel treatment (up to 12%). Of the main disadvantages of chisel processing, it should be highlighted: the significant energy intensity of the process; the complexity of using chisel tools on clogged soils and soils with low humidity due to the occurrence of the process of block formation and "porosity" of the arable layer; the appearance of the effect of cutting the soil background without crumbling it (on soils with high humidity). The desire of scientists to reduce the total cost of continuous tillage forces them to pay attention to the physical processes of interaction of the tillage tool with the soil, the study of which makes it possible to improve the geometry of the working bodies of existing tools according to energy efficiency criteria. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the energy intensity of the chiseling process by working bodies of various geometric shapes is an urgent task.

Object. The object of the study is the energy parameters of the chisel tillage process with the OCHO-5 plow, equipped with working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface.

Materials and methods. Theoretical research methods were based on the analysis and modeling of the physical features of the destruction and movement of the soil layer on the surface of the working organ. Experimental studies were carried out on real objects of tillage implements equipped with working bodies with different geometric characteristics of the working surface, using standard techniques.

Results and conclusions. An analysis of the results of field studies of the energy intensity of the technological process of chiseling soil showed that the use of working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface reduces the overall traction resistance of the chisel plow: by 11% when working at speeds up to 4 km/h and by 8% when working at speeds of 4-7 km/h.

Summary. The article presents the results of modeling and experimental studies of the working bodies of chisel tools with improved geometric characteristics. The results of experimental studies have shown that the use of working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface can reduce the total traction resistance of the tractor by 6-9%. It is noted that the effectiveness of the use of experimental working bodies decreases with an increase in the speed of movement of the unit.

Introduction. The issues of modeling the working surfaces of tools for loosening the soil remain quite relevant. At the head of the study, the authors of the analyzed works raised the question of the essence of the conditions that ensure the minimum value of energy costs during soil loosening. The main factors determining this condition were: physical and mechanical characteristics of the processed material; high-speed modes of loosening and cutting the soil; tribotechnical characteristics of materials used for the manufacture of working bodies, and, finally, the shape of the working surface. The main part of the theoretical developments concerning the theory of the wedge and the movement of soil particles along the executive surfaces of the working bodies of tillage implements is devoted to the analysis of the relative motion of soil particles. This is explained, first of all, by the classical approach to the invariance of the movement of the treated soil layer and the working organ. There are separate theoretical calculations that contain elements of describing the kinematics of the absolute motion of soil particles in space, but their presentation is not presented in full, and a characteristic feature of such calculations is that they consider, mainly, the case when soil particles make absolute motion along trajectories normal to the executive surfaces of working bodies. Based on the conducted studies of the deformation of the soil layer, the basic principle of the relationship and mutual transition of the shapes of the surfaces of the working body was formulated: "a concave profile should be replaced by a convex profile when passing through a rectilinear shape, and vice versa. The surface shapes are formed as a combination of the shape of the longitudinal and the shape of the transverse profiles. Using this principle as a criterion condition, we propose a mathematical model for describing the surface of the working body of a chisel plow.

Object. The object of the study is the working body of a chisel plow, made in the form of a chisel.

Materials and methods. Theoretical research methods are based on the analysis and modeling of the physical features of the destruction and movement of the soil layer on the surface of the working organ.

Results and conclusions. The forming curve of the surface of the chisel plow working body is obtained by conjugating the calculated parabolas, provided that they pass through the reference points belonging to the surface of the working body. The first reference point is the point P1, located on the upper boundary of the bit in its left part, the coordinates of this point P1 (0;24). The second reference point is located in the zone of the second attachment of the chisel to the gun rack, the coordinates of the point P2 (80;12). The third reference point is located on the border of the two functional zones of the chisel, the working zone and the fastening zone. The position of the point P3 is determined by the coordinates P3 (168;24). The position of the fourth reference point is assumed on the bow of the chisel. This point defines the boundaries of the existence of the working body, its coordinates are P4 (240;6). Based on the parabolic interpolation of analytically obtained parabolic lines, parametric equations of the generating curve and the surface of the simulated working body are obtained.

Summary. The paper discusses the methodology for energy assessment of the operating efficiency of the “gasdischarge lamp + ballast” set.

Introduction. The problem of energy saving is the most important in various sectors of the agro-industrial complex. This especially applies to optical electrical technologies. Gas-discharge lamps (GL) have long occupied their niche in lighting and irradiation installations used in various energy technology processes. As elements of an electrical circuit, GLs have a number of features that require consideration when analyzing and calculating circuits based on them.

Object of the study is the operating patterns of the GL type LB-40 when working with ballasts of various types.

The aim is to adapt the method of analyzing non-sinusoidal alternating current circuits for its use in irradiation installations with GL to identify energy saving reserves.

Materials and methods. We used an electrical circuit for sequential connection of a GL and ballast of various types: active, for which resistance was used; inductive (we took ballasts of various brands), capacitive. A sinusoidal mains voltage was supplied to the input of the circuit. The instantaneous values of the operating current and voltage on the GL were recorded using an C1-82 oscilloscope.

Results and conclusions. The resulting oscillograms of current and voltage showed a large non-sinusoidality of the current flowing through the GL with resistive and capacitive ballast. As a consequence, large pulsations of the current are observed. For inductive ballasts of two types, ABI and UBI, the current amplitude coefficient takes the value of 1.38 relative units, which is acceptable. The energy intensity of these types of ballast is 1.38 and 1.21 rel. units. respectively. The efficiency of replacing ABI ballast with UBI as an energy-saving measure is 15%.

Introduction. A significant number of hydraulic structures (GTS) located on the territory of the Volgograd region are in an accident and inoperable condition. The unsatisfactory technical condition of the GTS has a negative impact on the security of settlements and economic facilities, the ecological condition of the territory, the integrated use of water resources of the Facility.

Object. The object of research is the overflow dam on the Arable Erik of the Kashirinsky water tract.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out using the GPR "Oko-3", equipped with a 2-frequency antenna unit 150 + 400 MHz. Georadolocation survey is a non-destructive research method, which is based on the phenomenon of reflection of electromagnetic waves from surfaces on which electrical properties change.

Results and conclusions. As a result of the georadiolocation study of the overflow dam on the Arable bridge of the Kashirinsky waterway, it was found that voids and pronounced soil decompression were not found to be critically dangerous for the hydraulic structure. The studies allowed to identify and localize inhomogeneities in the body of the dam, expressed in areas of disturbed soil structure in the body of the dam, as well as local areas of increased soil moisture. The use of non-destructive testing methods, including the use of such modern equipment as the GPR "Oko-3" with a 2-frequency antenna unit 150 + 400 MHz allows for a high degree of accuracy to carry out a survey of hydraulic structures.

Introduction. In the work of an agro-industrial enterprise, transportation of agricultural goods in field conditions is an important stage of the technological process, the implementation of which arises difficulties associated with the condition and type of soil of the supporting surface, rugged terrain, which ultimately affects the increase in the time of transportation of goods, the presence of downtime in the work of the main and auxiliary equipment, disruption or increase in deadlines for completing types of work. Increasing the mobility of movement of road freight vehicles for agriculture and increasing their cross-country ability on various soils of the supporting surface, regardless of weather conditions, is an urgent task, one of the directions for solving which is the use of vehicles with a combined method of movement – rolling and walking. To study the operation of a car with a combined mode of transportation, an experimental vehicle was designed that allows choosing a mode of transportation depending on the adhesion properties with the supporting surface.

Object. The object of the study is a comparative analysis of the results of field tests of the support cross-country ability of an experimental vehicle on wet plowed soil, a wet dirt road, and dry loose sand.

Materials and methods. The supporting cross-country ability of the experimental vehicle on the bases of wet plowed soil, wet dirt road and dry loose sand was determined by visual and instrumental measurement of the following indicators: the amount of current consumed by the motors, the distance traveled, the depth of the rut, and the degree of soil compaction. Based on the results of the study, dependency graphs were constructed, preferred indicators were determined, and conclusions were drawn.

Results and conclusions. A comparative analysis of the results of field tests showed that movement by walking, compared to rolling, leaves a rut of less depth on the supporting surface, the degree of soil compaction decreases, and the current consumption of the electric motors that ensure the forward movement of the experimental vehicle decreases.

Summary. The article presents the results of geoinformation analysis of point data obtained from the weather stations of the Saratov region. The results of the study reflect the regional features of global warming. The outcomes obtained can be used to adapt agriculture to new conditions.

Introduction. In regions with arid climate, an urgent issue is the assessment of climatic conditions and monitoring of their changes in the course of global warming. Landscapes of arid territories are the least resistant to changes in external conditions. The issue of climate monitoring is especially relevant for regions with a high share of the agricultural sector and leading positions in terms of agricultural production. With climate change without adaptation of agriculture, the efficiency of agriculture can significantly decrease. The purpose of this study is to assess climatic features of the Saratov region, to identify dynamic characteristics which can be used to make decision in agricultural production in future.

Object. The object research is the climate of the Saratov region.

Materials and methods. Point data of the weather stations of the Saratov region, adjacent regions and Kazakhstan were used in research. The data was obtained using the AISORI and Weather and Climate services. Statistical data processing was performed in Microsoft Excel and Graphical Analysis. The creation of cartographic materials was carried out by the interpolation method (IDW method) in QGIS 3. Using the interpolation method gives greater accuracy of the results in comparison with global data.

Results and conclusions. As a result of data analysis and mapping, the features of the climate dynamics of the Saratov region against the background of climate changes have been revealed. It has been established that the air temperature has been increasing everywhere at a rate of 0.038 °C per year since. It has increased by 2.17 °C over the past 57 years. Precipitation has increased by an average of 23.4 mm, but in the south-east of the region, moisture availability is decreasing from year to year.