Evaluation of spring barley varieties of Orenburg selection by a number of economically Valuable characteristics

The data obtained as a result of the study of the collection of spring barley of the fodder direction of the Orenburg selection for a number of economically valuable parameters in the zone of the southern steppes of the Orenburg Urals are presented. Cultivars with a set of economically valuable qualities that can be used as parent forms for breeding spring barley for feed have been identified.

Introduction. In the dry conditions of the Orenburg Urals, the success of creating highly productive cultivars largely depends on the parent forms that are most suitable for the soil and climatic requirements of the region. To assess the baselines for a number of economically valuable characteristics, studies were conducted on 14 varieties of spring barley of Orenburg selection. The purpose of this work was to identify valuable sources of productivity and the main indicators of the structure of the spring barley crop for further use in hybridization.

Object. All the studied varieties were obtained in the laboratory of spring barley breeding of the Orenburg Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences (since 2017 FRC BST RAS), 12 of which are zoned and included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in the ninth region, in addition, the Anna variety is recommended for use in the Ural, Middle Volga and East Siberian regions of Russia, cultivars T-12 and Gubernatorial districts are located in all zones of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The Natalie spring barley variety (nutans variety) until 2021 was the main recommended standard variety in the GSU system for the Orenburg region.

Materials and methods. These and other highly productive varieties were studied for three years (2020-2022). Field and laboratory evaluation of the numbers was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The results of the study of the elements of the crop structure of varieties of Orenburg selection are given, the forms of economically valuable traits are selected for further introduction into hybridization to obtain valuable initial breeding material. The correlation dependence of the productivity of spring barley varieties on morphological and structural parameters was revealed.

Results and conclusions. The most productive varieties in the conditions of the Orenburg Urals were: Miar, Lekar 2 and Chebenek. The analysis of the correlation coefficient allowed us to establish that the productive tillering coefficient and the weight of 1000 grains and the feedback with plant height have a positive effect on the yield of the variety in the arid conditions of the Orenburg region. From the samples we studied, varieties were selected for breeding for productive bushiness: Armilid, Miar and Chebenek; weight of 1000 grains: Healer and Healer 2; plant height – Lida. It is recommended to involve these varieties in crossbreeding for conducting adaptive breeding of spring barley of the fodder direction in the Ural region.

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