Influence of fertilizer doses on the productivity and quality of grain of early soybean varieties under irrigation

The article presents the results of scientific research on the technology of cultivation of early soybean varieties under irrigation. A significant effect of mineral nutrition on the productivity and grain quality of soybean varieties Volgogradka 2 and VNIIOZ 86 was shown.

Introduction. Under irrigation conditions, for the cultivation of promising early soybean varieties, it is important to study the mineral nutrition. The purpose of the research is to identify the responsiveness of early soybean varieties to fertilizer doses calculated for programmed yield levels: 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 t/ha of grain with maintaining the irrigation regime at least 80% HB.

Materials and methods. Early maturing soybean varieties of the Nizhnevolzhsky agroecotype, registered in the State Sort Register: VNIIOZ 86 – since 2002, Volgogradka 2 – since 2020. Doses of fertilizers (urea, nitroammophoska) were applied in accordance with the planned yield: 2.5 t/ha – N₆₃P₅₀K₂₅; 3.5 t/ha – N₈₈P₇₀K₃₅; 4.5 t/ha – N₁₁₃P₉₀K₄₅ kg AI/ha. The control variant was without fertilization. The harvesting area of the plots is 35 m2. Repetition 4-fold.

Results and discussions. With an increase in mineral nutrition, the maximum leaf surface area increases significantly – by 9.3–9.5 thousand m²/ha compared with the control (54.8–62.9 thousand m²/ha). The photosynthetic potential increases – up to 2.5–2.9 million m²×day/ha, in comparison with the control variant – 2–2.5 million m²×day/ha. However, an increased increase in biomass under the influence of fertilizers was noted only in the new variety Volgogradka 2 – from 15.3 t/ha of dry matter (control) to 19.3 t/ha. Fertilization led to a significant increase in the share of grain in the biomass in both varieties – up to 21.9–22.9%, compared with the control (14.7–16.6%). An increase in the background of nutrition increased the height of attachment of the lower bean to 0.13–0.16 m (especially in the Volgogradka 2 variety). The increase in economically valuable traits in soybean varieties led to a significant increase in yield in all variants of fertilizer application - up to 3.60–3.96 t/ha of grain, compared with the control – 2.33–2.40 t/ha. On fertilized variants, the content of protein in seeds increased from 32.7 and 36.0% (control) to 37.7–39.2%, as well as its collection – up to 1.19–1.28 t/ha. The concentration of fat increased, and its collection (0.55–0.65 t/ha) exceeded the control by 0.18–0.24 t/ha.

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