Influence of ecological and agrarian factors on the productivity of camels

Introduction. Camel farming is a promising branch of livestock farming in Russia not only for the production of meat, but also milk, especially in regions with unstable climatic and agrarian conditions.

Object. Camels of the Kalmyk breed (Bactrian) at the age of 4 years.

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out in the conditions of two farms - in the camel breeding facility of the Kirovsky Farm in the Yashkul district of the Republic of Kalmykia (group I) and in the Zakharov private enterprise in the Nikolaevsky district of the Volgograd region (group II). To conduct research, 6 camels with a live weight of 550-600 kg were selected from each farm. The duration of the experiment was 18 months.

Results and conclusions. The results of the analysis of the milk productivity of the experimental camel population indicate that animals raised in the Volgograd region (group II) were superior to their peers kept in the Republic of Kalmykia (group I) for each month of lactation. In general, during a full lactation, 1635 kg of milk was obtained from camels of group I raised in the Republic of Kalmykia, and 1968 kg from camels raised in the Volgograd region, which is 20.37% higher (P≥0.99). The fat content in the milk of camels of group II was higher in May by 0.65% (P≥0.95)
compared to female camels of group I of the same age; SOMO – by 0.89%; protein – by 0.39%, respectively. At the same time, in November, higher levels of fat content were found in the milk of camels raised in the conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia (group I), by 0.48% (P≥0.95) compared with their peers from the territory of the Volgograd region (group II). However, in terms of the content of dry skimmed milk residue in milk, camels of group II exceeded their peers of group I by 0.12%; protein – by 0.28% (P≥0.95), respectively. Thus, it is advisable to raise camels of the Kalmyk breed (Bactrian) in the Volgograd region with more nutritious natural pastures to produce high-quality milk.

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