Assessment of the biological value of sorghum grain protein of different varieties

The article presents experimental data on the assessment of the biological value of the protein of sorghum grain of different varieties. The highest biological value of sorghum grain protein is possessed by the Derzhavnoye variety (72.3%). This variety is the most balanced in amino acid composition compared to other varieties. The biological value of the varieties Slavyanka (70.5%) and Vera (67.5%) is slightly lower. Lower – in the varieties Yelenushka (64.2%) and Kinelskoye 63 (62.7%).

Introduction. When creating and evaluating new varieties and hybrids of any agricultural crop, one of the indicators of economically valuable traits is the content and quality of protein in grain, which is used for food purposes and in animal feeding. The content of crude protein in sorghum grain varies between 10.0-17.0%. Moreover, the sorghum grain protein contains 8 essential and 10 non-essential amino acids, which form the fundamental basis for the metabolism in the body. There are significant differences between cultivars in the amino acid profile in sorghum grain protein. Therefore, the identification of genotypes and the establishment of the nutritional value of sorghum grain of different varieties for human and animal health by analyzing the physicochemical composition of grain and determining the composition of amino acids is an integral part of the breeding process.

Object. Samples of sorghum grain varieties Slavyanka, Kinelskoe 63, Elenushka, Vera and Derzhavnoe were used as experimental material.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out in 2018 - 2020 at two scientific bases: the Volga NIISS – a branch of the Sam Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Samara State Agrarian University. The protein content was calculated by the Kjeldahl method. The amino acid composition of the sorghum grain protein was determined by the KAPEL 105M capillary electrophoresis system.

Results and conclusions. According to the protein content in the grain, the sorghum varieties studied were distributed in the following order from smaller to larger: Kinel’skoe 63 → Elenushka → Vera → Slavyanka → Derzhavnoe. During the research, it was found that 8 essential and 10 interchangeable amino acids were identified in the studied samples of sorghum grain. The amino acid composition of sorghum protein is in a slight deficit from the reference egg protein recommended by FAO/WHO for all varieties: Vera – by 8.8%, Kinel’skoe 63 – 9.8%, Elenushka – 25.5%, Slavyanka – 33.7% and Derzhavnoe – 39.6%. The highest biological value of sorghum grain protein is possessed by the Derzhavnoe variety (72.3%). This variety is the most balanced in amino acid composition compared to other varieties. The biological value of the Slavyanka (70.5%) and Vera (67.5%) varieties is slightly lower. The Elenushka (64.2%) and Kinel’skoe 63 (62.7%) varieties have a lower biological value.

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