The role of methods of basic treatment of bare fallow in the cultivation of winter wheat
https://doi.org/10.32786/2071-9485-2023-03-04
Abstract
The article presents the data on the influence of tillage methods and varieties of different selection on field germination, overwintering, preservation of winter wheat plants to harvesting, reserve of productive moisture in the meter soil layer, total water consumption and its coefficients, weediness of crops and crop yield in the conditions of dry steppe zone of chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region.
Abstract Introduction. Improvements in winter wheat cultivation technology are inextricably linked to changes in climatic conditions.
Object. Winter wheat varieties of different breedings were the objects of the research.
Materials and methods. Investigated methods of main tillage (factor A) – ploughing to the usual depth of 20 – 22 cm PLN-5-35 (control), deep-cleaving at 30 – 32 cm PCHN-2,3P, shallow discing at 12 – 14 cm BDM-3,6x4P and cultivars (factor B) of Rostov selection Ermak (St), Lilit and Volgograd Kamyshanka 6. Cultivation technology is conventional. The rainfall totals in 2019 – 2020, 2020 – 2021 and 2021 – 2022 agricultural years were 284.0; 429.3 and 405.0 mm, respectively.
Results and conclusion. The field germination of winter wheat varieties in the leached and Lilith varieties by ploughing was good - more than 80 %, in the other variants – satisfactory from 60 to 80 %. Weak stalk thinning after overwintering was observed only for the Ermak standard by discing – more than 25.0 %, in the other variants thinning was imperceptible – less than 25.0 %. The highest retention rate was achieved in Kamyshanka 6 and Lilith, 72.3 and 72.8 % respectively. The highest total water consumption of winter wheat was noted in Lilith and Kamyshanka 6 by cheesemaking, 274.0 and 274.1 mm respectively. The lowest water use coefficient was provided by Lilith for cheesemaking – 69.5 mm/t. The lowest total weed infestation was in Lilith and Kamyshanka 6, 10 and 11 pcs./m2, respectively, with perennials of 4 pcs./m2 assessed as moderate, with minor infestations of 6 – 8 pcs./m2 assessed as weak. The lowest total air – dry weight of weeds was observed in Kamyshanka 6 – 17.5 g/m2 and Lilith – 17.0 g/m2 by ploughing. The best winter wheat variety in terms of yield was Lilith on a cheesemaking background – 3.94 t/ha.
About the Authors
A. V. Zelenev
Federal state budgetary scientific institution «Federal research center «Nemchinovka» (FIC «Nemchinovka»)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Zelenev Alexander Vasilyevich, doctor of agricultural sciences, chief researcher of the laboratory of varietal technologies of winter grain crops and fertilizer application systems
Russian Federation, 143026, Moscow, Bolshoi Boulevard, 30s1, Skolkovo innovation center
tel. 8-905-333-21-68
N. M. Egorov
Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «Volgograd state agrarian university» (Volgograd GAU)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Egorov Nikolai Mikhailovich, postgraduate student of the department of agriculture and agrochemistry
Russian Federation, 400002, Volgograd, Universitetskiy prospekt, 26
tel. 8-937-700-74-15
P. A. Smutnev
Federal state budget scientific institution «Federal scientific center of agroecology, complex melioration and protective afforestation of the Russian academy of sciences» (FSC of agroecology RAS)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Smutnev Pavel Anatolyevich, candidate of agricultural Sciences, leading agronomist breeder of the laboratory of breeding, seed production and nursery production
Russian Federation, 400062, Volgograd, Universitetskiy prospekt, 97
tel. 8-937-720-38-85
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For citations:
Zelenev A.V., Egorov N.M., Smutnev P.A. The role of methods of basic treatment of bare fallow in the cultivation of winter wheat. Title in english. 2023;(3 (71)):39-53. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32786/2071-9485-2023-03-04
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