Evaluation of the efficiency of spring soft wheat varieties in the Lower Volga region

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the adaptive potential of spring wheat varieties by weight of 1000 grains and yield for the dry steppe conditions of the Lower Volga region.

Introduction. The basis of crop production is the variety, which largely determines the regional cultivation technology and the quality of cultivated products

Object. The subject of the research was spring wheat varieties.

Materials and methods. A total of 28 varieties were studied in the demonstration nursery: Red-grey – Favorit (St), Ershovskaya 36, Furor, Saratovskaya 68, Ulyanovskaya 100, Voyevoda, Simbircit, Mashenka, South-East 2, Arhat, Eskada 97, Eskada 66, Trizo, Prohorovka, Eskada 70, Margarita, Tambovchanka and whites – Tulaikovskaya golden (St), Albidum 32, Sara tovskaya 73, Saratovskaya 42, Albidum 188, Albidum 29, Saratovskaya 70, Zinaida, South-East 4, Kamyshinskaya 3, Lebedushka.

Results and conclusions. The white-grey varieties had a higher 1000-grain weight than the red-grey varieties. The highest score was recorded for the white-green variety Saratovskaya 73 at 34.9 g. Among the reddish varieties, Simbirchite and Ershovskaya 36 were the best, with 33.6 and 33.7 g, respectively. The best reddish varieties in terms of adaptability, which exceeded one, were Simbirtsit with an adaptability coefficient of 1.06; Voyevoda, 1.07; Ulyanovskaya 100, 1.12; Saratovskaya 68 and Favorit (St) – 1.15; Furor – 1.25; Ershovskaya 36 – 1.30; of the whitegrey varieties Saratovskaya 70 and Albidum 26 – 1.02; Albidum 188 – 1.04; Saratovskaya 42 – 1.07; Saratovskaya 73 – 1.10 and Albidum 32 – 1.12. In terms of adaptability, the red-black varieties outperformed the white-black varieties. The highest yield was that of the red-eye variety Ershovskaya 36 at 1.90 t/ha. The reddish variety Furor also exceeded the standard by 9.0%. Of the white-grey varieties, Albidum 32 had the highest yield of 1.64 t/ha. Also significantly higher than the standard were the white-grey varieties Saratovskaya 42 and Saratovskaya 73 by 33.9 and 34.8% respectively, Albidum 29 and Albidum 188 by 28.8 %, Saratovskaya 70 by 27.1% and Zinaida by 19.5%.

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