Technology of soybean cultivation during irrigation by sprinkling with the use of hydrosorbents

Based on the research of abstract sources on the problem of ensuring the effective use of natural waters for soybean irrigation, studies were conducted on the use of Avaxin hydrosorbent and the technology of its simultaneous application when sowing crops with a standard seeder with a developed module for applying hydrogel was investigated.

Introduction. The cultivation of agricultural crops on irrigation guarantees the planned receipt of a high-quality crop, regardless of climatic conditions. However, an increase in the average annual temperature, recorded as a fact on all continents, will lead to an increase in the shortage of natural fresh water on the territory of the European part of Russia, and the water capacity, for example, of soybeans when grown in the conditions of the Lower Volga, is about 1500 m3 per ton of grain. It is necessary to introduce water-saving technologies. A team of researchers has developed a technology to reduce the volume of irrigation water supplied by using a modern innovative material – Aquasin hydrosorbent to prolong the period of availability of moisture available to plants in the soil until the next watering. The peculiarity of the developed soybean sowing technology using hydrogel is that sowing is carried out with a special seeder based on UPS-8 with an upgraded coulter. Its design provides a special knife for feeding hydrogel below the bottom of the seed groove. Thus, hydrogel, due to its high cost, is fed in a row economically, locally, only to the seed sowing zone, which significantly reduces the cost of cultivation, reduces the volume of irrigation water supply by 10% compared to the control and yields 14.3% higher.

Object. The object of the study is a resource-saving technology of soybean cultivation on irrigation by sprinkling using the Avaxin copolymer with local application to the soil simultaneously with sowing by a specially designed sowing module.

Materials and methods. The study used generally accepted adapted methods of theoretical, laboratory, field research with the use of modern scientific equipment, methodological guidelines for the implementation of research works, a sowing complex with a developed hydrogel supply module. Various doses and depths of application of the Avaxin hydrosorbent and its effect on reducing irrigation water consumption when watering the Rainstar E-41 sprinkler machine of the Austrian Bauer company were studied.

Results and conclusions. The assessment of the condition of crops and the development of soybean plants during the growing season, as well as its biological yield, indicates that the use of a moisture-retaining sorbent provided the plants with available moisture for a longer period, which is confirmed by the extension of the irrigation interval to 6 days compared with the control. At the same time, irrigation water savings amounted to 300 m³/ha, and biological yield increased by 11% and amounted to 23.74 c/ha versus 20.30 c/ha in the control variant. Thus, the results obtained indicate the positive dynamics of the use of hydrogel in the cultivation of soybeans "Volgogradka – 2" on irrigation, which allows us to recommend the introduction of the studied technology.

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