The current state and prospects for the use of irrigation machines on irrigated lands of the Volgograd region

The article presents an analysis of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the current state of the use of sprinkler equipment on irrigated lands of the Volgograd region, the elements of operational and technical characteristics of irrigation equipment are studied on the example of a wide-reach sprinkler machine of circular action.

Introduction. The development of highly productive and sustainable agriculture in the Volgograd region can be ensured only with the help of artificial irrigation. Due to the high level of mechanization and automation of the process, the possibility of irrigation in fields with difficult terrain, such a method of irrigation as sprinkling has become widespread in the region. However, according to the results of annual monitoring, a significant number of sprinklers currently operating due to low technical level, high service life, low reliability and, often occurring extreme wear of technical elements, do not meet the modern requirements of reclamation measures. Thus, the study of the current state and prospects for the use of sprinkler equipment is necessary for the introduction into circulation of a new generation of machines with higher technical and economic indicators. As an example of modern domestic sprinkler equipment, the article considers the wide spreader sprinkler «Don-K».

Object. The object of the study is sprinkler machines used in the modern period on irrigated lands of the Volgograd region.

Materials and methods. The paper uses materials of scientific papers and official statistical data reflecting the current state of application of sprinkler machines in the region. Mathematical, statistical, comparative–analytical and system methods of analysis were used in the research process. The research of the the wide spreader sprinkler «Don-K» was carried out in the summer of 2020 on the basis of the Educational Research and Production Center of the Volgograd State Agrarian University «Gornaya Polyana».

Results and conclusion. Effective provision of the agro-industrial complex with irrigation equipment is one of the priority tasks of the development of agriculture in the Volgograd region. The availability of sprinklers, including domestic production, in the conditions of the arid climate of the region directly determines the competitiveness of the grown products, since today irrigation in most municipalities is carried out directly using specialized equipment – 50430, 20 hectares. The most common names of sprinkler equipment were: Bauer, Kuban and DKSH-64. However, there is an urgent need to develop sprinkler machines of domestic production with increased technical and operational indicators. As an example of such a technique, we have considered the wide spreader sprinkler «Don-K», installed in 2018 on the basis of the Educational Research and Production Center of the Volgograd State Agrarian University «Gornaya Polyana». Thus, it was found that the Don-K sprinkler with a constant pressure in the pipeline at the inlet – 3 atm and wind speeds up to 5.5 m / s provides fully automated irrigation with the issuance of irrigation standards ranging from 80 to 340, depending on the selected speed mode of eight preset. The intensity of artificial rain under the specified conditions was 0.2 mm/min. In the course of the study, isolated case s of bending of the pipeline and subsequent stopping of the machine were noted, which is associated with the slipping of the Don-K wheels at 7 and 8 speeds. Loamy soil type prevails on the irrigated area, which additionally affected the situation. However, in combination of factors, with the correct adjustment of the machine, aimed at minimizing the above factors, it can be concluded that the sprinkler machine, in conditions of constant wind load and difficult terrain characteristic of the Volgograd region, is capable of stable and efficient operation.

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