Histochemical characteristics of digital indicators of placental segmentation in patient pregnant uterus with eclampsias

Introduction. A promising direction in the study of obstetric and perinatal pathology in sheep breeding is the study of eclampsia in pregnant ewes, which makes it possible to more reasonably prevent obstetric and perinatal pathology, as well as to solve issues of animal reproduction and the safety of young lambs. The aim of the study was to study histochemical changes in digital indicators associated with placental segmentation in patients with uterine eclampsia.

Materials and methods. For pathomorphological examination, tissue samples of sheep placentoma, as well as fetal and maternal kidneys were placed in 10% neutral formalin. Then the samples were dehydrated in a battery of alcohols of ascending strength, clarified in chloroform using a Cytadel 2000 histoprocessor (Shendon) and enclosed in a Histomix paraffin medium (Biovitrum). Paraffin blocks were cut on a rotary micrometer, slices with a thickness of 5 microns were obtained and mounted on slides. For the review study, the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin-phloxin according to the generally accepted method. To study the distribution of extracellular matrix in placental tissues, Masson staining of paraffin sections was used. To study acidic and neutral glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the samples of the plate, the sections were subjected to double staining. The nuclei were finished with Mayer's hematoxylin. Micro-preparations were studied and photographed using an AxioScope.A1 (ZEISS) microscope equipped with an AxioCam MRc5 high-resolution digital camera.

Results and conclusion. When analyzing the structural components of the placenta, it was found that the connective tissue base of the chorionic villi of cotyledon of the sheep fetus was represented by strands of collagen fibers originating from the chorioallantoic membrane. In the stromal part of the caruncular septa, the collagen framework was weakly expressed. The study of the content of neutral and acid GAGs (Glycosaminoglycans) in the sheep placenta revealed that CHIC (Schiff-iodic acid)-positive components (neutral GAGs) constituted the interstitial substance of both the uterine crypts and the stroma of the villi, but acid GAGs were detected only with edema and swelling of single villi. The histological study of this sheep placenta made it possible to establish the absence of acute disorders of the uteroplacental circulation in the form of massive hemorrhages and ischemic infarcts of the placenta, as well as stromal sclerosis or fibrinoid alteration of the chorionic villi. The proportion of avascular villi and fibrinoid deposits increased in eclampsia compared with normal pregnancy increases from 0.06 in control to 0.16 mm³/mm³ and reflects pronounced dystrophic changes and massive deposits of fibrinoid substance in the placenta of pregnant women. sheep at the final stage of gestation. During physiological pregnancy, in the total volume of the fetal membranes, the index of the share of the packing density of avascular villi and fibrinoid takes up. The packing density of the villi in the volume of the placenta was the highest and increased as the severity of the course of eclampsia increased. Therefore, an increase in the digital indicators of certain structural elements of the placenta indicates, on the one hand, the compensatory changes that have occurred, and on the other, extremely adverse consequences for the mother and fetus. An increase in the packing density of the structural elements of the placenta and their specific surface areas is the main mechanism for ensuring adequate conditions for the development of the intrauterine fetus.

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