Modeling of the surface of the working body chisel plow

Summary. The article presents the results of modeling and experimental studies of the working bodies of chisel tools with improved geometric characteristics. The results of experimental studies have shown that the use of working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface can reduce the total traction resistance of the tractor by 6-9%. It is noted that the effectiveness of the use of experimental working bodies decreases with an increase in the speed of movement of the unit.

Introduction. The issues of modeling the working surfaces of tools for loosening the soil remain quite relevant. At the head of the study, the authors of the analyzed works raised the question of the essence of the conditions that ensure the minimum value of energy costs during soil loosening. The main factors determining this condition were: physical and mechanical characteristics of the processed material; high-speed modes of loosening and cutting the soil; tribotechnical characteristics of materials used for the manufacture of working bodies, and, finally, the shape of the working surface. The main part of the theoretical developments concerning the theory of the wedge and the movement of soil particles along the executive surfaces of the working bodies of tillage implements is devoted to the analysis of the relative motion of soil particles. This is explained, first of all, by the classical approach to the invariance of the movement of the treated soil layer and the working organ. There are separate theoretical calculations that contain elements of describing the kinematics of the absolute motion of soil particles in space, but their presentation is not presented in full, and a characteristic feature of such calculations is that they consider, mainly, the case when soil particles make absolute motion along trajectories normal to the executive surfaces of working bodies. Based on the conducted studies of the deformation of the soil layer, the basic principle of the relationship and mutual transition of the shapes of the surfaces of the working body was formulated: "a concave profile should be replaced by a convex profile when passing through a rectilinear shape, and vice versa. The surface shapes are formed as a combination of the shape of the longitudinal and the shape of the transverse profiles. Using this principle as a criterion condition, we propose a mathematical model for describing the surface of the working body of a chisel plow.

Object. The object of the study is the working body of a chisel plow, made in the form of a chisel.

Materials and methods. Theoretical research methods are based on the analysis and modeling of the physical features of the destruction and movement of the soil layer on the surface of the working organ.

Results and conclusions. The forming curve of the surface of the chisel plow working body is obtained by conjugating the calculated parabolas, provided that they pass through the reference points belonging to the surface of the working body. The first reference point is the point P1, located on the upper boundary of the bit in its left part, the coordinates of this point P1 (0;24). The second reference point is located in the zone of the second attachment of the chisel to the gun rack, the coordinates of the point P2 (80;12). The third reference point is located on the border of the two functional zones of the chisel, the working zone and the fastening zone. The position of the point P3 is determined by the coordinates P3 (168;24). The position of the fourth reference point is assumed on the bow of the chisel. This point defines the boundaries of the existence of the working body, its coordinates are P4 (240;6). Based on the parabolic interpolation of analytically obtained parabolic lines, parametric equations of the generating curve and the surface of the simulated working body are obtained.

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