Results of the assessment of the performance of technical means for harvesting agricultural crops

The article presents calculations of hourly productivity of serial cars GAZ-SAZ-33071, GAZ-3302 Gazelle and KAMAZ 45144 with a trailer, as well as machine and tractor units MTZ-82.1+2PTS-4.5 and MTZ82.1+PTRS (loader-transporter of hay rolls) for the transportation of hay rolls formed by a presspickers PRF-110, PPR-120"Pelikan" and PRF-750. The results of the evaluation of the hourly performance of the GAZ3302 Gazelle on-board vehicle, equipped with a specialized cargo platform that allows unloading hay rolls without the use of additional machines, and a machine-tractor unit with an improved design of a loadertransporter of hay rolls, are also given.

Introduction. Harvesting agricultural crops is a complex technological process in which a complex of harvesting, transport and lifting machines is used, means of maintenance and field repair of machines, communication systems and other equipment are used. The harvesting result depends on how effectively all the machines involved in harvesting are used, and, first of all, harvesting vehicles and vehicles. To increase the efficiency of harvesting agricultural crops, there are many solutions to improve the designs of modern harvesting and transport machines and the organization of their work during harvesting. In this case, it is necessary to use such developments that provide a significant increase in the productivity of harvesting vehicles and vehicles while reducing crop losses, fuel consumption, labor and material and monetary costs. With the increase in the productivity of machines for harvesting agricultural crops, the likelihood of meeting agrotechnical requirements for harvesting and, in particular, for its duration, increases. By meeting agrotechnical requirements for harvesting duration, not only direct crop losses are reduced, but also its quality is improved. It is possible to increase the productivity of machines for harvesting agricultural crops, as follows from many scientific works, by reducing unproductive shift time. However, issues of assessing the performance of vehicles for transporting hay rolls and selecting the most productive ones in.

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the performance of a number of serial and some improved vehicles for transporting hay rolls.

Materials and methods. In the process of preparing this article, scientific articles, reports on the implementation of scientific work and other publications of scientists devoted to research into technologies for harvesting agricultural crops, the productivity of grain and forage harvesters, loaders-transporters of rolls and hay bales and vehicles were used. In order to analyze the impact on the productivity of technical systems involved in harvesting hay rolls from the field, the rolls were formed by the following balers: PR-F-110, PPR-120 "Pelikan" and PRF-750. Loading of rolls and unloading of non-tipping vehicles was carried out by PF0.5 loaders with PT-F-500 and SNU-550 attachments, mounted by MTZ-82.1 tractors. Transportation of rolls was carried out by KAMAZ 45144 with a trailer, GAZ-SAZ-33071, GAZ-3302 “Gazelle”, MTZ82.1+2PTS-4.5 and MTZ-82.1+PTRS (loader-transporter of hay rolls). MTZ-82.1+2PTS-4.5 and MTZ82.1+PTRS were used to transport hay rolls over a distance of up to 3 km, GAZ-SAZ-33071 - up to 20 km, KAMAZ 45144 – over a distance of more than 20 km and GAZ-3302 "Gazelle" - up to and more than 20 km. During the operations of loading, transporting and unloading vehicles, they were timed under real operating conditions. Results and discussion. When assessing the hourly productivity of vehicles, the following were taken into account: the nominal carrying capacity of vehicles, the length of travel with a load, the average technical speed, the coefficients of utilization of carrying capacity and mileage, the time spent on loading rolls of hay onto vehicles and unloading them. As a result of calculations, it was established that with an increase in the mass of transported hay rolls, the productivity of all studied vehicles for all types of transportation increases; for on-farm and on-farm transportation, the GAZ-SAZ-33071 has maximum productivity, and for off-farm transportation, the KamAZ-45144 with a trailer; When using improved designs of the pick-up-transporter of hay rolls (PTRS-2) (RF patent No. 2747569), which ensures the transportation of hay rolls formed by PR-F-110, PPR-120 "Pelikan" and PRF-750 in 2 tiers, the utilization rate increases lifting capacity, respectively, up to 0.75; 0.98 and 0.96, while the performance of PTRS-2 in comparison with the PTRS prototype when transporting hay rolls formed by PR-F-110, PPR-120 "Pelikan" and PRF-750 in intra-farm transportation increases accordingly by 73%, 33% and 0.6%; and when using the GAZ-3302 "Gazelle" vehicle, equipped with a specialized cargo platform (RF patent No. 2554036) with unloading of rolls from the platform on both sides of the vehicle without the use of additional means, the productivity of this vehicle increases compared to a serial on-board vehicle for intra-farm transportation of rolls from balers PR-F-110, PPR-120 "Pelikan" and PRF-750, respectively, by 23%; 32% and 18%, on intra-farm transportation – by 23%; 32% and 18% and off-farm – by 23%; 32% and 18%.

Conclusions. Based on the results of timing the operation of three brands of vehicles GAZ-SAZ-33071, GAZ-3302 “Gazelle” and KAMAZ 45144 with a trailer, as well as machine-tractor units MTZ-82.1+2PTS-4.5 and MTZ-82.1 with a pick-up-transporter of hay rolls design of the Volgograd State Agrarian University for the transportation of hay rolls formed by PR-F-110, PPR-120 "Pelikan" and PRF-750 balers, it was established that for intra-farm and on-farm transportation of all types of rolls, the GAZ-SAZ-33071 dump truck has maximum productivity, and for off-farm transportation – a KAMAZ 45144 vehicle with a trailer. With an increase in the mass of transported hay rolls, the productivity of all studied vehicles for all types of transportation increases. The use of an improved design of a pick-up - transporter of hay rolls for intra-farm and on-farm transportation; its productivity is higher than that of the GAZ-SAZ-33071 vehicle. In this case, it is not necessary to use technical means for loading rolls of hay into this vehicle and unloading them. The use of a GAZ3302 Gazelle vehicle with a specialized cargo platform allows one to increase its hourly productivity in all types of transportation by 18%-32% compared to a production vehicle.

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