System optimization of nature-like technology for balanced water use in rice irrigation systems of Lower Kuban

The article presents the results of the development of new technologies for rice cultivation in the Achuevskaya agricultural firm in the Slavyansky district of the Krasnodar Territory. This technology for cultivating rice will allow us to develop a comprehensive multi-level methodology for cultivating rice in compliance with all technical and technological requirements for growing rice crops, as well as for environmental protection, which will not only balance the soil balance of micro and macroelements of the soil, redox potential, but also agroresource potential of rice agricultural landscapes.

Introduction. The study presents a nature-like technology for balanced water use in rice irrigation systems in the Lower Kuban. The vector of development of modern humanity is directed upward along the technocratic curve. The consequences of this development are pollution of surface and groundwater runoff, an ever-increasing shortage of water suitable for humans and plants, an increase in anthropogenic load on agricultural lands, which results in not only a decrease in soil fertility, but also complete degradation with their removal from crop rotations. At the present stage of development, we need green technologies that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, the goal of our research is to develop new approaches to naturelike technology for balanced water use in rice irrigation systems in the Lower Kuban.

Object. The object of research was the water management complex of the Lower Kuban.

The research problem is to develop a new rice map to save irrigation water, improve the reclamation status of rice soils and rice productivity.

Materials and methods. The article proposes the design of a new generation rice card. The results of the construction and operation of a new generation rice map in the Achuevskaya agricultural firm in the Slavyansky district of the Krasnodar Territory are presented. This map allows you to highly effectively control the groundwater level, which in turn allows you to maintain the specified parameters of soil moisture with the necessary and sufficient accuracy. A mathematical model for achieving the optimal state of a rice irrigation system has been developed, based on an integral approach to the formation of management decisions in the process of selecting the optimal option for planned work on a rice irrigation system with predicted operational parameters of the system. Allows you to quantify the strength and direction of influence of the factors taken into account, to perform multivariate forecast calculations based on the resources available at the time of construction, the scientific and technical level, technologies and construction materials.

Results and discussion. As a result of the research carried out, positive results were obtained, which are expressed in: a reduction in the irrigation norm on average over the years of research by 5 times and which amounted to about 3.5 thousand m3/ha, which in turn allowed for energy savings at waste pumping stations in 20 %. A 40-45% reduction in the application rate of pesticides and herbicides was also obtained, which made it possible to reduce the cost of rice production by 5% and reduce drainage water pollution by 10%. The improvement in the granulometric composition of the soil was expressed in a 10% increase in soil aggregates with a diameter of 0.25 – 10 mm in the 0-20 cm layer. The improvement in NPK was characterized by an increase in the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen in the arable horizon by 1.1%, mobile phosphorus – 0.16%, mobile potassium – 1.32%, while the humus content in the arable horizon increased by 0.08%). The economic effect of introducing this rice map made it possible to increase the yield of green mass of alfalfa to 650 c/ha, corn to 720 c/ha. An increase in the yield of rice and related crops of rice crop rotation was obtained. The decrease in groundwater levels improved the ecological and reclamation state of the soils of the rice paddies. Optimization of the process of making management decisions during the construction of an irrigation system made it possible to reduce the amount of labor costs by 5% and energy resources by 20%. The increase in rice yield was 13%, while its cost decreased by 5%.

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