Pre-sowing stimulation of grain seeds in a high-voltage electric field

Summary. The strategic goal of modern agriculture is the vital need to increase crop yields while maintaining its quality, minimizing the total energy costs for cultivation and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. It is quite possible to achieve these tasks if you have healthy seeds, characterized, first of all, by improved sowing qualities.

Introduction. The strategic goal of modern agriculture is the vital need to increase crop yields while maintaining crop quality, minimizing the total energy costs of cultivation and negating the negative impact on the environment. It is quite possible to accomplish these tasks if you have healthy seeds, characterized, first of all, by improved sowing qualities.

Object. To implement the indicated approaches, today it is possible to use the preparation of seeds for sowing, using a variety of electrophysical influences, including processing of seed material in a high-voltage electric field.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out by the Problem Research Laboratory “Bioenergy Research and Effective Electrotechnologies” of the Volgograd State Agrarian University, as well as on the basis of the experimental field of the Federal National Scientific Center “Agroecology, integrated reclamation and protective afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences” and the peasant farm of N. N. Oleinikov.

Results and conclusions. The purpose of the presented article is to analyze the results obtained from studying the process of treating grain crop seeds before sowing in an electric field of constant (EPPVN) and alternating high voltage (EPPVN), as well as in the electric field of pulsed high-voltage discharges (EPHVD). For the research, a universal experimental setup was assembled, which could be transformed to change processing modes for processing seeds in electric fields of all designated types. According to the results of the experiments, there was a clear dependence of the speed and speed of germination of seeds of winter triticale and winter barley on the effects of electrical nature on them. The effectiveness of the effects and their modes is also manifested in the protection of plants from various pests, for example, against flea beetles and meromyses – this is a treatment in EPPrVN lasting 120 s.; against the Swedish fly – EPPrVN lasting 60 s.; against wheat thrips – EPIVN lasting 60 s. The use of pre-sowing treatment of winter barley seeds in EPIVN made it possible to increase the weight of 1000 seeds on average: a) by 1.16-1.94 g at a seeding rate of 3.0 million seedlings. seeds per 1 ha; b) by 0.48-1.44 g at a rate of 3.5 million shoots. seeds per 1 ha. Over two years of observation, an increase in the yield of barley plants from treated seeds over crops with untreated seeding material at a seeding rate of 3.0 million seedlings. seeds per 1 hectare ranged from 0.006 to 0.23 t/ha, and with 3.5 million seeds per 1 hectare – from 0.06 to 0.22 t/ha.

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