The technology of refreshing irrigation to compensate for air drought during the rooting period of grape seedlings

Introduction. The problem of the production of root-related seedlings is one of the important scientific directions in creating a technological chain that will ensure the effective development of viticulture in the Lower Volga region. At the same time, the humidity of the cuttings is the determining factor of its successful rooting. The critical point, when the evaporation of moisture from the aboveground part of the cuttings begins to exceed the intake of moisture even from well-moistened soil, is in the region of 40-50%. The relevance of research is determined by the need to create a technology to maintain air humidity above a critical level during periods of air droughts.
Object. Planting of grape seedlings during the rooting of the cuttings, considered as an object of realization of climatic risk and mass death of plants due to a critical shift in the moisture balance and drying of growth buds.
Materials and methods. The aim of the study is to develop an effective technology to compensate for air drought during the rooting of grape seedlings based on refreshing watering. To regulate the humidity in the plant environment, it was proposed to carry out periodic watering, ensuring continuous wetting of the soil surface to a minimum depth. Experimental verification of theoretically justified provisions was carried out on irrigated lands of the Dubovsky district of the Volgograd region. The area of the experimental plot is 1200 m², the area of the accounting plot is 300 m² .
Results and conclusions. Carrying out refreshing watering makes it possible to compensate for peak values of air drought, which is an important factor in increasing the efficiency of grape seedling production. Studies have found that continuous wetting of the soil surface makes it possible to create the necessary vector and source of vaporous moisture, which for a certain time effectively compensates for air drought in the surface layer occupied by vegetation. For refreshing irrigation, it is advisable to use a combined irrigation system, which combines the possibility of drip irrigation to regulate the water regime of the soil and microsprinklerized sprinkling to wet the soil surface. A one-time refreshing watering with wetting of the soil surface to a depth of no more than 2-3 cm ensures the regulation of the humidity of the surface air layer for 2.5-4.5 hours. Even on days of maximum air drought, 3-4 watering per day are enough to maintain a relative humidity of at least 50% in the plant environment. Compensation of air drought by carrying out refreshing watering allows the cuttings not only to restore the water balance, but also to form a certain reserve of resource to overcome adverse conditions in the future. The effectiveness of the technology was confirmed experimentally: the total yield of seedlings increased by 24.2%, elite planting material – by 12.6%.

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