Application of the theory of harmonic oscillations in the research of the seeder section when sowing soybeans with hydrogel on irrigation

Introduction. Soy is a heat– and moisture-loving crop. Most of it is cultivated by irrigation, because to obtain one ton of product, it is necessary to spend on average at least 3000 m3 of water. As for obtaining sustainable harvests in the arid zones of the lower Volga region, water costs increase by 1.2...1.3 times to obtain the same volume of production. However, this crop is highly valued on world markets for its high content of high protein, high yield, and the possibility of low-cost processing to obtain various types and food products. Soy is a very common product in animal husbandry, especially in pig farming. It is known that the best results in terms of yield and quality of soybean grain are achieved by using mineral fertilizers. At the same time, 17-18% of fertilizers are lost due to their washing into the lower layers of the soil. However, when cultivating soybeans under irrigation, it is necessary to take into account that up to 20% of the costs for obtaining stable yields fall on the supply of irrigation water. It is possible to reduce the cost of water and fertilizers in soybean cultivation by using hydrosorbents, often called hydrogels. At the same time, given that hydrogel is a rather expensive product (up to 500 rubles per kilogram), it should be applied only in the row area and below the bottom of the seed groove by 0.05 ...,06 m.
Object. For the processing object, the technological process of sowing soybean seeds under irrigation was selected simultaneously with the hydrogel section of the seeder equipped with additional devices to reduce the cost of irrigation water by applying enriched hydrogel.
Materials and methods. For the research, the following were used: a section of a seeder equipped with a furrow cutter and a side sealer and riggers for removing the dry soil layer, as well as measuring instruments; recommended methods for conducting such experiments; the reliability of the experiments was determined using digital methods.
Results and conclusions. To increase the efficiency of soybean cultivation in irrigation and reduce the cost of irrigation water, as well as fertilizers, special hydrosorbents are used-hydrogel. Due to the physical characteristics of this substance, it accumulates a certain amount of moisture in its volume, along with fertilizers dissolved in it, and then, as the volume of moisture in the soil decreases, it transfers it through the root system to the plants themselves. To embed the hydrogel into the soil, a section of the seeder has been created, with a furrow cutter and a side seal mounted on it. The section is protected by patent for invention No. 27322452. Studies related to the oscillation of the coulter were carried out using sensors that transmit signals to an analog digital converter (ADC) and then to a computer. The results were processed based on the recording of harmonic oscillations and the obtained spectral density. Based on the data obtained, graphs are plotted for changes in the resistance of the section as well as the angles of oscillation of the coulter depending on the speed of movement. In particular, the limit values of the spring tension limits should not exceed 350 n/m, at a speed of 2.5 to 3.0 m/s, while the limits of the change in the force of turning the wick, "ψ" are 40⁰…50⁰ and the resistance force changes its values from 22H to 35H for each the section.

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