Comparative energy-ecological assessment of soil tillage machines

Summary. The article presents the results of a study of comparative energy and environmental assessment of soilcultivating machines. The results showed that the developed combined tillage machine KPM-2.7 in combination with a tractor of class 1.4 is superior in productivity, fuel consumption, energy intensity of the tillage process and emissions of toxic components to its mass-produced analogue – the KN-2.8 cultivator and can be recommended for use in the production of crop products on intensive technologies.

Introduction. With the transition to modern intensive technologies for the production of crop products, the requirements for the design of machines and their use are increasing and becoming more stringent. The new technical means being developed, including soil-cultivating units, must ensure energy, environmental and economic efficiency in the process of performing technological operations during the operation period. The purpose of the research is to compare energy and environmental indicators for assessing the effectiveness of tillage units for surface and shallow tillage.

Object. The object of research was the process of surface and shallow tillage of soil using tillage machines KPM-2.7 and KN-2.8 in conjunction with a class 1.4 tractor.

Materials and methods. When conducting research, methods of energy assessment of technical means were used, based on the identification and study of patterns occurring during soil cultivation.

Results and conclusions. A comprehensive comparative assessment of the operation of soil-cultivating units MTZ-82.1+KPM-2.7 and MTZ-82.1+KN-2.8 for surface and shallow tillage was carried out. The following evaluation indicators were considered: economic – productivity and per-hectare fuel consumption, energy – energy intensity of the technological process, environmental – the mass of toxic components emitted into the atmosphere when processing 1 hectare of area with soil-cultivating units. The patterns of changes in productivity, per-hectare fuel consumption, energy intensity of the technological process and the mass of toxic components emitted into the atmosphere when cultivating 1 hectare of area, depending on the speed of movement of soil-cultivating units, have been established. A comparative assessment of the performance of soil-cultivating machines showed that the combined soil-cultivating machine KPM-2.7, developed in the Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production (IEEP) branch of Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, in conjunction with a tractor of class 1.4, developed in the main indicators, is superior to its analogue - KN-2.8 with the MTZ-82.1 tractor. The MTZ-82.1+KPM-2.7 tillage unit, compared to the MTZ-82.1+KN-2.8, provides an increase in productivity by 3.9-5.7%, a reduction in fuel consumption per hectare by 3.8-5.5%, and a reduction in the energy intensity of the tillage process by 3.82-5.64% and emissions of toxic components by 3.8-5.5%.

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