Regularities of water consumption of spring wheat under the influence of melioration in the dry-steppe trans-Volga region

Abstract

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to identify the complex effect of irrigation regime, forest strips and doses of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of spring wheat cultivated in the dry steppe. The purpose of the study is to study the water consumption of spring wheat under the influence of forest belts and mineral fertilizers in the irrigated dry-steppe Trans-Volga region. The object of research is the fields of crop rotation with wheat in the Volga region. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out according to a three-factor scheme, which took into account the effect of mineral fertilizers, irrigation and forest reclamation on the yield of spring wheat. Crop yield and water consumption were studied according to the methods of DOWN, VNIALMI, B. A. Dospekhov, A. N. Kostyakov. Regression and correlation analyses were performed according to B. A. Dospekhov using the programs Statistica, Scilab and the MS Excel Table Processor Analysis Package. Results and conclusions. The growing seasons of the spring wheat yield study ranged from arid to humid, so different irrigation regimes were used in irrigation conditions: the irrigation rate ranged from 0 to 550 mm. Forest plantations without the use of fertilizers in conditions of natural moisture provide a large increase in the yield of spring wheat compared to irrigated areas: up to 28.9% in dry years, up to 3.0% in wet years. Average for 2018-2022 depending on the use of irrigation and forest strips, fertilizers increased the crop yield at a distance from the planting 1H to 11.1%, 5H – up to 17.0%. The coefficient of water consumption of spring wheat among forest belts with an increase in the dose of fertilizers decreases, regardless of the year's moisture level, in irrigated areas to 50.8%, in non-irrigated areas – to 38.7%. According to statistical analysis, crop productivity and water consumption are 87-98% associated with the use of fertilizers, irrigation and forest reclamation.