The influence of different types of fallow on moisture reserves and soil density in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

Introduction. Increasing moisture availability in rained conditions is an important task of agricultural production. The intensity of drought is associated with a deficit of soil moisture at the beginning of the plant growing season, resulting from a lack of precipitation in the winter-spring period. Snow retention is an effective method of accumulating moisture in the soil, allowing an additional accumulation of up to 30 mm. Target. Determination of the influence of various types of steam on moisture reserves and soil density in the unstable arid conditions of the Orenburg Cis-Urals. Object of study. Soil, various types of steam. Materials and methods. The soils of the experimental plot are southern carbonate medium thick heavy loamy chernozems with a humus content in the 0-30 cm layer of 3.2-4.0%. The experiment was launched in 2007-2022 at coordinates 51.775125o N. 55.306547оС east. The volumetric mass of the soil increases from 1.14 g per 1 cm3 to 1.39 g per 1 cm3 in the 0-150 cm layer. Results and conclusions. Over the course of 16 years of research, the largest amount of snow (36 cm) accumulated in the black fallow with the sowing of sunflower curtains. When applying soil protection technology in occupied fallows in non-steel green manure and soil protection (with summer sowing of Sudanese grass), a decrease in snow height with the option of using curtains sunflowers by 6.6 and 7.1 cm, respectively, is noted. In soil-protective fallow, soil density increases due to the growing season of the fallow crop to 1.19 g per 1 cm3. In the green manure fallow, due to the plowing of above-ground organic matter, decompaction is noted and the volumetric mass was 1.13 g per 1 cm3. In green manure fallow, the soil moisture content in a meter layer is higher than in soil-protective fallow by 23 mm and black fallow by 32 mm, due to its assimilation of autumn precipitation. Due to the large reserves of water formed in the snow, it is recommended to use the black fallow option for sowing durum spring wheat. 

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