The influence of harvesting methods on seeding qualities and internal micoflora of grain sorghum

Introduction. High quality seeds also provide starting potential for the most optimal formation of plant productivity and resistance to unfavorable factors. Object. Samples of grain sorghum grain varieties Ros and Kinelskoe 63 were used as experimental material. Materials and methods. Laboratory and field studies were carried out on the basis of the Volga Region Research Institute of Seed Research, a branch of the Samara Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the laboratory of selection and seed production of cereals and sorghum crops in 2021-2022. The implementation of the experiments and the corresponding observations were carried out according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. Results and conclusion. A study of the composition of mycoflora showed that the most common species on grain sorghum seeds is Alternaria. Its occurrence on sorghum seeds was greatest and stable regardless of the harvesting method. Fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium were encountered with less frequency. They injure seedlings, inhibit their development and cause a decrease in the sowing quality of seeds. Research results have shown that seeds harvested by hand have higher sowing qualities than seeds harvested using a combine. The energy of germination and germination of seeds on the Ros variety was within the limits for manual harvesting – 80-88% and 88-94%; for seeds harvested using a combine – 74-76% and 80-82%, respectively; the weight of 1000 seeds was 24.4-26.3 g for manual harvesting, and 23.2-25.1 g for seeds harvested using a combine. On the Kinelskoe-63 variety, the germination energy was 85-87% for manual harvesting, for seeds harvested using a combine – 74-77%; germination was respectively 92-96% for manual harvesting and 80-82.0% for seeds harvested by a combine; the weight of 1000 seeds was 21.6-26.6 g when harvested manually, and 20.3-25.5 g for seeds harvested using a combine. To form selection batches of seeds in order to preserve and fully realize the genetic potential, it is more advisable to use manual cleaning.

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