Theoretical substantiation of the kinematic parameters of a combing machine for removing root weeds

Introduction. One of the important factors significantly influencing the production of hydrogel of melon crops is contamination, and especially during their development from germination to the "Shatrik" phase. It is known that the main part of melons (watermelons, pumpkins, melons, squash, etc.) are cultivated on light sandy loam soils, with a feeding area of 1.0 to 6.0 m² per plant. The area of nutrition depends on the type of crop being cultivated. Before sowing melon seeds, pre-sowing tillage is carried out by cultivators to the depth of seed embedding. On the 5th-6th day, and sometimes even earlier, weed shoots appear, the most active are root weeds (field aspen, field bindweed, milkweed, etc.). It is known that the roots of these weeds reach a depth of 4.0 m. At the same time, there is a branching of the root system, the main node of which is located at a depth of 7.0 to 10.0 cm. The removal of weeds by conventional cultivators with flat-cutting paws is carried out by pruning them at a depth of 6...7 cm. A large depth is not recommended due to possible damage to the roots of cultivated plants, as well as an increase in the width of the protective zone. It is known that after pruning, additional growth points are formed at the site of the cut and the branching of the weed roots increases. The periods between treatments decrease, which leads to unnecessary costs and an increase in cost has a detrimental effect on the soil, due to repeated pruning, increases the protective zone of a row of melons, which is processed manually. Therefore, machines with working bodies are needed to ensure combing of the root system of weeds.

Object. As an object of research, it is proposed to consider combing the roots of weeds together with the vegetative part with special working organs.

Materials and methods. In theoretical studies, the Preston hypothesis was used in the form of a mathematical model describing the destruction of a material due to the displacement of layers depending on the limiting values of velocities and forces, taking into account the elastic properties of the material.

Results and conclusions. When cultivating melons, the most expensive operation is the care of crops and, first of all, the treatment of crops from weeds. Therefore, a machine has been developed that can come out weeds by grabbing them by the root system. Such a technological operation is provided by special working bodies in the form of staples, capturing the root at a certain depth and pulling it out from the lower layers of the soil. In order to theoretically find a condition that excludes pruning of the root at the place of its capture, a study was carried out and the dependences of the displacement of the layers of the root crust on the force and speed of the action of the working organ were obtained. The limit values of the values are 2Н.

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