The initial breeding material from the spherical Sharada wheat

Summary. The article presents the results of the study of the selection material obtained under the influence of colchecin from the original spherical wheat grade of Sharad wheat. It was found that despite higher production characteristics, the qualitative characteristics of its grain corresponded to ball wheat, including the original Sharad. The cleaved macromutant soft wheat, in terms of its production indicators, did not exceed the soft wheat variety, but had the best grain quality.

Introduction. The foundation of wheat breeding remains a combination of high yield potential and grain quality with a certain resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors. Therefore, breeders pay close attention to the corresponding indicators of the starting material. However, since there is a negative correlation between harvest and grain quality, the increase in gross harvest of soft wheat T. aestivum L. A^uA^uBBDD is accompanied by some decrease in grain quality. As one of the possible options for improving the quality of the resulting products, some researchers suggest using T. Sphaerococcum Perc ball wheat. A^uA^uBBDD. The useful properties of this wheat include high quality of grain, resistance to subsidence, erektoid arrangement of leaves, low requirement for soil conditions, precocity, sunniness, undevelopment and spherical shape of the grain. The results of a comparative analysis of the area-settled varieties of spherical and soft wheat showed that the former are significantly inferior in their production indicators to the latter, but this, in some way, is compensated by the higher grain quality of the former. Therefore, it is of great interest to create, with the help of mutagenic exposure to colchicine, one of the first varieties of spherical wheat, its improved shape and macromotant soft wheat.

Materials and methods. One of the first varieties of Sharad ball wheat and macromutant forms obtained from it under the influence of colchicine served as objects of research: Sharad improved, and isolated at the same time with it, macromutant soft wheat, as well as districtsettled varieties of shearer wheat. When comparing soft wheat from Sharada with varieties of T.aestivum L, standard in the region varieties of soft millettsa Don 107, Yermak and modern zoned varieties were used. At the final stage, the line 1/10-17 and the line of soft wheat of hybrid origin 2/13-19, obtained from the combination Sharada improved x Rasswet 1, as well as 1/20-21 (Sharada improved x soft from Sharada) were used. Plants in each test were grown according to the principle of a single difference. Morphometric parameters were determined in the scale phase before or at the beginning of the scale. Morphometric parameters were determined in the scale phase before or at the beginning of flowering. In the full ripeness phase, 15-20 productive shoots were selected and after bringing them to standard humidity, structural analysis was carried out. Grain quality determination was carried out in the laboratory of general analyses of FSBNU FRANZ according to GOSTs. Statistical processing of data for B. A. Dospekhov according to Michsoft Excel standard programs.

Results and discussion. As a result of studies of the original Sharada grain wheat and macromutant forms obtained from it, it was established that plucked soft wheat has higher morphometric and production indicators. It has larger ears and, accordingly, grains and, as a result, the largest mass of grain from the ear. The lowest indicators were the original Sharada. The charade, improved in terms of the parameters of its ears and grains, occupies an intermediate position. At the same time, it is noteworthy that in turn, Sharada has an improved larger grain than the original Sharada, despite the same spherical shape. In terms of morphostructural indicators, Sharada improved significantly exceeds the original Sharada and is quite close to soft wheat., both in weight 1000 grains and in size of its flag leaf. Accordingly, the improved Sharada was superior in such an important selection feature as the mass of grains from the ear of zoned varieties of spherical wheat. At the same time, in terms of quality indicators of grain, it remained almost at the level of the original Sharada and the varieties of spherical wheat used in the production. The isolated macromutant soft wheat was, in terms of its production characteristics, at the level of those varieties of soft wheat, and in terms of grain quality at the forefront. Therefore, lines based on macromutant soft wheat had relatively good grain quality.

Conclusions. Due to the effect of colchicine, macromutant Charades improved and soft wheat are obtained from the original Sharad spherical wheat. The improved charade significantly exceeded the original charade and, currently available, other zoned varieties of ball millet. Despite higher production characteristics, the qualitative characteristics of its grain corresponded to spherical wheat, including the original Sharad. The cleaved macromutant soft wheat, in terms of its production shows, did not exceed the soft wheat variety, but had the best grain quality, which it apparently inherited from the original spherical form, which is subject to the lines created on its basis. Therefore, Sharada improved can be quite used as a source selection material for increasing the productivity of existing varieties of spherical wheat. Macromutant soft as a grain quality improver in soft wheat.

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