Dependence of onion yield on water consumption in the Astrakhan region

Abstract

Introduction. When cultivating onions, the most urgent problem is to ensure the best conditions for plant development through optimal water supply. Watering affects the thermal regime, helps to regulate the temperature of the surface horizon of the soil and the surface layer of air, all this, together, contributes to the coordination of growth processes, increase the growth of various plant organs, improve the quality characteristics of the onion harvest. Object. The object of the study were 2 onion hybrids: Burgus (control) and Valero and irrigation and irrigation norms at different irrigation levels. Materials and methods. Conducting field surveys in the fields of the private enterprise Zvolinsky O.V., located on the territory of the Chernoyarsk district of the Astrakhan region, this is the southeastern European part of Russia (Northwestern Caspian Sea). Results and conclusions. Conducted 3-year studies in the arid zone of the Northern Caspian Sea showed that drip irrigation significantly influenced the formation of yield data of onions. Moreover, the studied irrigation levels had an impact on this indicator. Based on the obtained material, it can be noted that at a constant moisture level (70...70...70% HB), the average for three years was 6544 m3/ ha, while at a differentiated irrigation level (80...80...70% HB) – 6927 m3/ha. This was reflected in the formation of yields and it amounted to 90.55 and 100.71 t/ha on the Burgus hybrid, respectively, and 97.34 and 107.52 t/ha on the Valero hybrid. The water consumption coefficient was equal for the Burgus hybrid – 81.33 and 76.87, and for the Valero hybrid – 75.66 and 72.00 m3/ha