Yield and water balance of onions in the lower Volga region

Introduction. In modern times, the development of vegetable growing, which is marked by the widespread introduction of the latest technologies, specifically drip irrigation, the introduction and adaptation of modern (more often foreign) varieties and hybrids, optimization of the water and mineral nutrition system, an effective plant protection program against diseases and pests, sufficient supply of energy to vegetable growers and the construction of the logic of market relations, requires comprehensive scientific ensuring all cultivation processes, without exception, both vegetables and such high-tech crops as onions. Object. 2 onion hybrids were selected as the object of study: Burgus (control) and Valero. Irrigation and irrigation norms at various irrigation levels were studied. Materials and methods. The field experiment was conducted in the fields of the Zvolinsky O.V. IP, which is located on the territory of the Chernoyarsk district of the Astrakhan region (this is the southeastern European part of Russia, the Northwestern Caspian Sea). Results and conclusions. The studies carried out over three years in the arid zone of the Northern Caspian Sea allowed us to establish that drip irrigation had a significant impact on the formation of yield components of turnip onions, while it was found that the studied irrigation levels had an impact on these values. It was found that the maximum yield of the studied crop was obtained from the effect of the growth stimulant Flora C on both hybrids. At the irrigation level of 70...70...70% HB, the yield was in the hybrid Burgus (control) with a planned yield of 100 t/ha – 92.41 t/ha. In the corresponding variant of the Valero hybrid, these values were equal to 100.05 t/ha. The appointment of differentiated irrigation led to an increase in yields to 98.30 and 111.94 t/ha, respectively. The Flora C stimulator contributed to an additional increase in yield, as a result, it amounted to 102.73 t/ha for the corresponding variant of the Burgus hybrid, and 104.43 t/ha for the Valero hybrid (constant irrigation level). In the differentiated irrigation regime, its values were 114.77 and 115.69 t/ha.

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