Efficiency of fodder crop rotations in the conditions оf Kharabalinsky and Limansky districts of the Astrakhan region

Introduction. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to introduce forage crop rotations in the arid zone, which are the basis for creating a full-fledged food supply, improving soil-forming processes, and preventing mass desertification of lands. Object. The object of the study is forage crop rotations developed for the conditions of the Kharabalinsky and Limansky regions – regional leaders in the production of potato monoculture. Materials and methods. The study used methods of systemic and complex analysis. Experimental research included the development and testing of schemes for scientifically based crop rotation in crop rotations. The research results showed that in the Kharabalinsky district of the Astrakhan region, a crop rotation consisting of three fields of alfalfa, one field of potatoes and one field of barley (option 3) had an advantage in yield, metabolic energy content, accumulation of organic matter in the soil and economic efficiency, which is higher the indicated indicators were significantly superior to the control option, which included 3 potato fields and 2 fallow fields, and option 2, represented by 3 alfalfa fields and 2 potato fields. In the Limansky district of the Astrakhan region, in terms of yield, metabolic energy content, accumulation of organic matter in the soil and economic efficiency, a crop rotation consisting of three fields of alfalfa, one field of winter wheat and one field of potatoes (option 3) showed higher indicators compared to the control option , consisting of 3 potato fields and 2 fallow fields and option 2, represented by 3 alfalfa fields and 2 potato fields. The profitability from the introduction of grass-grain-row crop rotation in the Kharabalinsky district of the Astrakhan region was 35% and turned out to be 1.1-1.4 times higher compared to the control option and option 2, respectively. The profitability from the introduction of grass-grain-row crop rotation in the Limansky district reached 30% and was 1.2-1.5 times higher compared to the control option and option 2, respectively.

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