The efficiency of precision farming system application in pre-sowing tillage

The main direction of intensification of agricultural production should be resource conservation and technological modernization, including through the use of "precision farming" while minimizing the impact on ecosystems and the environment.

Introduction. The main direction of intensification of agricultural production should be resource conservation and technological modernization, including through the use of "precision farming" while minimizing the impact on ecosystems and the environment. It has been revealed that there are prerequisites for this, there are enterprises where elements of precision farming have been introduced. The analysis of the sowing campaign on a specific example of an enterprise for preparing the soil for sowing grain crops revealed factors affecting the productivity of aggregates and additional costs. Prerequisites for the introduction of precision farming elements in tillage before sowing grain crops were: a large overlap in the aisles of the units, work on the incomplete width of the tools, curved movement of the units across the field, incorrect rotation scheme of the unit with manual control.

The purpose of the study is to identify the need for the introduction of precision farming elements during pre–sowing tillage for sowing grain crops in the North-Western region of Russia, to identify factors and shortcomings in the technology of soil preparation before sowing grain crops with a "manual control" unit on the example of an agricultural organization characteristic of the above conditions; to give options for the use of TK elements in the technology of preparation soils before sowing grain crops.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis and generalization of conclusions and theoretical approaches in the materials of the Center for Forecasting and Monitoring of the Kuban State Agrarian University and a specific agricultural producer from the Leningrad region. A relatively large, fairly well-equipped agricultural enterprise in the southern part of the Leningrad region was selected for research. Units that participated in the research for pre-sowing tillage: tractor JD6195M + disc harrow Lemken Rubin 9/500 KAU (2 units); tractor RSM2375 + disc harrow Farmet Softer 8 PS.

Results and conclusions. The options for installing and using an automatic control system with an accuracy of 2.5 and 15 cm control units are proposed, which will ensure the absence or minimize the negative factors of "manual control". In a concrete example, fuel overspending on preparing the soil for sowing grain crops in monetary terms is 234200 rubles with manual control of the units, and with a 2.5 cm control accuracy system and an RTK station will amount to 4400 rubles.

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