Improving the quality of irrigation water by vacuum treatment

Introduction. The relevance is due to the maintenance of water-ecological balance on irrigation systems during operation. The water-ecological balance on irrigation systems takes place if the intake of water for irrigation from a water source during the acute arid periods of vegetation does not exceed the established sanitary norm. Currently, water sources, both surface and underground, due to man-made impacts on them, exceed the sanitary norm in various indicators, which leads to the development and implementation of new water purification technologies in irrigation systems. In the specific studies at the experimental production site of the Volgograd State Agrarian University "Innovative Village" presented in the article, water treatment, namely, groundwater was intended for drip irrigation systems, since this irrigation method is being introduced in steppe, semi-desert and desert areas suffering from water scarcity, which includes the Volgograd region.
The selected site for the drip irrigation system took into account the specific characteristics of the cultivated crops, the duration of vegetation, the spread of the root system, as well as the requirements for soil, climatic, hydrogeological and relief conditions and the qualitative composition of water. Having studied the composition of groundwater from a well located near the irrigated area, the authors proposed not only their patented method of groundwater purification, but also a method of its activation. The simultaneous use of both methods in the installation scheme for the purification and activation of groundwater is the main advantage that distinguishes this technology from all existing ones. This scheme allows you to increase the yield and quality of tomatoes grown with minimal energy consumption, prostate and maintenance safety, achieving high quality purification and activation of water for drip irrigation.

Object. The research area is a drip irrigation system at the experimental production site of the Volgograd State Agrarian University "Innovative Village"

Materials and methods. The bulk of the research work was carried out at the experimental production site of the Volgograd State Agrarian University "Innovative Village". The study is based on reagent-free purification from suspensions, iron and other impurities by vacuum-ejection method and activation of water by vacuum method using a vacuum activator developed by the authors. An integrated approach, which provides for the need to simultaneously solve a number of related root problems of water treatment, makes the proposed technology universal for both irrigation systems and domestic drinking water supply.

Results and conclusions. The first stage of research of the water purification plant was carried out in laboratory conditions on a hydraulic model at the Department of Water Supply of the Volgograd State Agrarian University "Innovative Village", the second stage of tests for purification and activation of water was carried out at the pilot production site before the start of sowing tomatoes in the ground, at the installation with a capacity of 10 m3/ day. The second stage included the work performed in the following sequence: first, we achieved stable operation of the water purification unit by vacuum-ejection method, and then we achieved stable operation of the water activation unit using a vacuum activator. The final tests were carried out at the start of both installations. The installations worked in semi-automatic mode. It should be noted that the vacuum-ejection unit includes a vacuum-ejection oxidizer and a semi-automatic sand filter, working as a single unit.

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