Potato breeding according to economically valuable characteristics for the conditions of the North Caucasus region

Introduction. Under the conditions of sanctions and import substitution, the main task facing the staff of scientific institutions is to develop new competitive varieties and hybrids of agricultural plants. In this regard, as part of the participation in the implementation of a comprehensive scientific and technical project (2018-2025), together with the industrial partner of LLC "Zolsky Potato", employees of the Gorsky State Agrarian University and the Institute of Agriculture – branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences are conducting research on potato breeding and seed production in the conditions of vertical zonality of the Central Caucasus.

The research materials are varieties and hybrids of potatoes of domestic and foreign selection. All records and observations were carried out according to the methods of VNIIKH, VIR and VISR.

The purpose of these studies is to derive a highly productive potato genotype with a complex of economically valuable traits, high plasticity and resistance to pathogenic organisms. The passage of all stages of the selection process is a condition and guarantee of a high probability of obtaining the predicted result.

Results and conclusions. In the course of scientific work, it was revealed that the indicator of the number of ovaries formed is not in correlation with the indicator of the number of seeds formed in one berry, and the overall effectiveness of hybridization is a feature of the combination of parent pairs and depends on natural and climatic conditions. In the nursery of the competitive test of the 2nd year in 2021, hybrids 13.61/104, 13.61/102 and 13.61/101 were identified (Table 4), exceeding the standard (Zhukovsky early) and, which showed yields in the range of 37.1-41.4 t/ha, marketability – 94.8–96.6%, weight of commercial tuber – 84.4-95.0 g. Hybrids of this nursery are highly resistant to major diseases. Average yield of hybrids of the 3rd year competitive test 12.58/212, 10.11/1044, 10.11/716 it was noted at the level of 40.9, 46.2, 42.8 t/ha, respectively. These indicators significantly exceed the results of the standard grade (in the range of 40.5 – 58.4%).

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