Soil water regime and water consumption of soybeans depending on the main tillage under irrigation conditions in the Volgograd region

Introduction. The increasing need for protein and oil of plant origin as the most important products for humans and components of the feed rations of animals and poultry, as well as a component of the pharmaceutical and other industries, determines the relevance of research aimed at optimizing soybean cultivation technology, which contributes to obtaining a guaranteed yield of grain beans with economical consumption of resources.

Purpose of research. The purpose of these studies is to develop optimal irrigation regimes and methods of soil cultivation for soybeans, which will ensure high and sustainable yields with the rational use of material, water, and energy resources.

Object. The object of the study was the early soybean variety VNIIOZ – 86.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the experimental site of the NODP “Innovation Village” of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Volgograd State Agrarian University. In accordance with the stated goal and objectives of the study, a field experiment scheme was developed. Factor A is the method of
basic tillage, includes 3 options: A1 – moldboard processing to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m (control), A2 – non-mouldboard processing to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m, A3 – processing with disks to a depth of 0.10-0.12 m. Factor B – irrigation mode based on the pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture in a layer of 0-0.6 m includes 3 options: B1 – 60% NV, B2 – 70% NV, B3 – 80% NV. Moldboard cultivation was carried out with a plow PN – 4 – 35, non-moldboard – OMPO-5.6; disk – BDT – 3. The plots were arranged in repetitions using a systematic method with three repetitions in time and space. The area of the experimental plots is 400 m2 (factor A) and 400 m2 (factor B), and 220 m² for harvest recording. The object of the study was the early variety VNIIOZ – 86. The previous crop was spring barley, for which deep moldboard plowing of 0.25 – 0.27 was used as the main soil treatment. Following the harvesting of barley, disc peeling was carried out at a depth of 0.8 – 0.10 m, after which vegetation irrigation was carried out at a rate of 400 m3/ha for better germination of weeds for the purpose of their further destruction.

Results and conclusions. The total water consumption of soybeans increased with an increase in the level of pre-irrigation moisture and varied depending on the main soil cultivation from 4277 – 4543 m³/ha in the irrigation mode of 60 % NV, 4487 – 4672 m³/ha in the irrigation mode of 70 % NV and 4726 – 4858 m³/ha at irrigation mode 80 % NV. The best option for saving irrigation water is option A2 B2, the value of which in comparison with the control was 170 m³/ha. The minimum amount of water for evaporation by soybean plants was used during the sowing – germination period (248 – 263 m³/ha) and in the bean ripening phase (201 – 245 m³/ha). The maximum is during the period “branching – beginning of flowering” and “flowering – beginning of bean formation” – “formation – beginning of bean filling” and amounts to more than 60 % of the total water consumption during the growing season. The most efficient use of water resources is in option A2 B2, where 1574 m³ was used to form 1 ton of soybean grain. Depending on the water regime, the difference was 842 m³/t, and on the method of main soil cultivation – 226 m³/t.

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