Technological aspects of Spring Barley Yield Formation in the Chestnut Soil Zone of the Volgograd Region

Introduction. The presented article reflects the problem of increasing the yield of spring barley in an acutely arid zone, as well as issues of the quality of produced products suitable for processing for cereal purposes. Ways are being considered to significantly solve the problem of increasing productivity. Therefore, along with the use of the calculated amount of mineral nutrition, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biological products is proposed, as well as their combined use with mineral nutrition. Joint treatment of seeds with biological preparations and the calculated addition of mineral nutrition determine more optimal conditions for the development of soil biota. This ultimately has a positive effect on the yield of spring barley.

Object. The object of the experiment was the spring barley varieties: Kamyshinsky 23 (control) and Novonikolaevsky, which are included in the register for the Lower Volga region.

Materials and methods. The experience was laid during 2021...2023 on the land use of the peasant farm "Churbakov A.V." in the Bykovsky district of the Volgograd region. To obtain a given level of yield of spring barley, we calculated the rates of mineral nutrition for formation: 1.0 t/ha; 2.0 and 4.0 t/ha. The estimated number of fertilizers was applied fractionally: all phosphorus fertilizers were applied for the main treatment. Nitrogen: 50% in autumn and 50% in spring for pre-sowing cultivation.

Results and conclusions. The experiment showed that seed treatment before sowing led to an increase in barley yield of about 20%. The biological product Biohumus proved to be the best. The average increase in yield over three years from the option without seed treatment ranged from 0.68 t/ha for the Kamyshinsky 23 variety to 0.65 t/ha for the Novonikolaevsky variety. The greatest effect was observed in the variant of combined use of mineral nutrition and seed treatment with a biological preparation (Biohumus +N50P22), the yield varied between varieties from 3.32 t/ha for the Kamyshinsky 23 variety to 3.61 t/ha for the Novonikolaevsky variety.

1. Amoako O. A. Productivity and technological indicators of spring barley grain depending on agricultural techniques. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhsky agrouniversitetskogo complex: science and higher professional education. 2013. No 3 (31). Pp. 119-123.

2. Bugaev P. D., Lammas M. E. Photosynthetic activity of barley crops in the application of chemical and biological preparations. Fodder production. 2013. No 8. Pp. 11-13.

3. Osipova L. V. et al. The influence of abiotic stresses on spring barley plants during presowing treatment of seeds with selenium and silicon. Agrochemistry. 2015. No 9. Pp. 54-60.

4. Glukhovtsev V. V., Sanina N. V., Apalikov A. A. The use of leaf fertilizing in the technology of cultivation of spring barley in arid conditions of the Middle Volga region. Russian agricultural science. 2016. No 1. Pp. 9-11.

5. Zamyatin S. A., Maksimov V. A., Barieva N. N. The effect of herbicides and biological preparations on the contamination of crops and the yield of barley and wheat. Agrarian Science. 2015. No 2. Pp. 15-18.

6. Mitrofanov D. V., Tkacheva T. A. The impact of agrometeorological conditions, mineral fertilizers, precursors and soil moisture on the yield of spring barley grain in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. Proceedings of the Nizhnevolzhsky agrouniversitetskiy complex: science and higher professional education. 2021. No 4 (64). Pp. 84-97.

7. Aniskov N. I. et al. Assessment of the adaptive ability of spring barley varieties of SibNIISC breeding in the conditions of the Siberian Irtysh region. Bulletin of the Omsk State Agrarian University. 2016. No 4 (24). Pp. 5-9.

8. Surin N. A. et al. Evaluation of collection samples of spring barley in breeding for productivity and grain quality in conditions of Eastern Siberia. Achievements of science and technology of agroindustrial complex. 2018. No 5. Pp. 41-44.

9. Stolpivskaya E. V. et al. Evaluation of breeding material of spring barley by parameters of ecological plasticity. Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2018. No 2-4. Pp. 692-695.

10. Pleskachev Yu. N., Voronov S. I., Grabov R. S. Improvement of the basic processing system in the cultivation of spring barley. Proceedings of the Nizhnevolzhsky agrouniversitetskiy complex: science and higher professional education. 2020. No 1 (57). Pp. 88-95.

11. Surin N. A. et al. Field assessment of promising breeding material of barley and oats in Yenisei Siberia. Achievements of science and technology of the Agroindustrial complex. 2015. No 2. Pp. 14-16.

12. Radyukevich T. N., Bondareva L. M., Kartasheva L. I. Evaluation of new collection samples of barley according to economically valuable characteristics in the conditions of the North-West of Russia //Perm Agrarian Bulletin. 2018. No 4 (24). Pp. 76-82.

13. Radyukevich T. N., Bondareva L. M., Lashina N. M. Studying the collection of spring barley for breeding purposes in the North-West of Russia. Izvestia of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University. 2019. No 2 (55). Pp. 16-22.

14. Sapega V. A., Tursumbekova G. Sh. Characteristics of the main parameters of the environment, yield and adaptive ability of spring barley varieties. Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex. 2015. No 2. Pp. 17-20.

15. Shevchenko S. N., Bisharev A. A. Results of spring barley breeding in Samara Research Institute. Izvestiya Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2015. No 4-3. Pp. 592-595.

16. Hudzenko V. M. et al. Assessment of ecological stability in yield for breeding of spring barley cultivars with increased adaptive potential. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems. 2020. No 3. Pp. 425-430.

17. Dawson I. K., Russell J., Powell W. et al. Barley: a translational model for adaptation to climate change. New Phytol. 2015. V. 206. Pp. 913-931.

18. Abtew W. G. et al. Ethiopian barley landraces show higher yield stability and comparable yield to improved varieties in multi-environment field trials. Plant Breed. Crop Sci. 2015. No 8. Pp. 275-291.

19. Tokhetova L. A., Akhmedova G. B., Akzhunis R. A. The use of multivariate factor analysis in the selection of spring barley for adaptability to various environmental conditions. Herald of Science of S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University. 2020. No 4 (107). Pp. 70-80.