Mineral nutrition in spring barley crops in the south of Russia

Introduction. The presented article is devoted to the problem of increasing the yield and quality of spring barley in the zone of chestnut soils. Along with this, the problem of preserving soil fertility was solved by using instead of granular mineral nutrition, processing seed material with biological preparations, as well as their work on the vegetation of barley. It was possible to establish that the applied agricultural approach had a positive effect on the agrochemical indicators of the soil and, as a result, this trend was reflected in the growth of yields.

Object. The object of the survey was two varieties of spring barley recommended for cultivation in the Lower Volga region: Kamyshinsky 23 (control) and Novonikolaevsky.

Materials and methods. In order to increase the yield and quality of spring barley grain, the seed material was processed with Crescin and Biohumus biologics. The above-mentioned preparations were used for vegetation treatment (Crezacin), and were also introduced in an amount of 2.0 tons per hectare (Biohumus) for autumn tillage.

Results and conclusions. The results of the three-year experiment showed that the processing of seed material, the work on vegetation and the introduction of biological preparations for the main treatment had a positive effect on the dynamics of the nutrient content in the chestnut zone. The content of nitrate nitrogen from seed treatment with biological preparations increased by 1.9...2.0 mg/100 g of soil (Crezacin). By the end of the growing season, this difference reached 2.7...3.9 mg/100 g of soil. A similar dependence was maintained on the content of mobile phosphorus, if at the beginning of the tillering phase the difference from the control variant was 8.9 mg/100 g of soil, then by the end of the growing season this difference was 4.9 mg/100 g of soil. That is, in the initial periods of the growing season, barley needed more mobile phosphorus, so necessary for successful rooting, and in the future its consumption was moderate. As a result, the yield of spring barley in the Kamyshinsky 23 variety ranged from 1.79 t/ha (control) to 2.47 t/ha (Vermicompost). And in the Novonikolaevsky variety, these values, respectively, were equal to 1.89 and 2.54 t/ha.

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