Factors affecting usage figures automated vehicles for loading and transporting hay-straw materials in rolls

Introduction. The development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is aimed at the development and implementation of modern technologies and technical means based on the latest achievements of Russian science. The use of technical means and technologies using automation and digitalization tools, as well as the use of robotic machines in the agro-industrial complex will significantly increase labor productivity and the quality of agricultural products. In addition, this will lead to increased economic efficiency of production. The introduction of highly efficient technologies in the agricultural sector of production is a strategic vector of scientific and technological progress of the agro-industrial complex in the modern world. The most important branches of agricultural production are crop production and livestock farming. At the same time, the main task of crop production is, in particular, a stable supply of high-quality feed to the livestock industry, including hay formed into rolls. Removing hay rolls from the field implies the implementation of a set of agrotechnical, organizational, technological, technical and economic measures, the development of which is impossible without knowledge of the main factors influencing the development of production and the most important indicators of the use of technical means used, in particular, in harvesting hay rolls from the field from hay-straw materials.
The purpose of the work is to analyze the factors influencing the use of automated vehicles for loading and transporting hay and straw materials in rolls.
Materials and methods. The results of the work are based on a detailed analysis of scientific articles, reports and presentations at scientific conferences related to the research of technical means for loading and transporting hay and straw materials to storage sites, on the modern theory of the logic of science and the basic principles of the theory of efficiency in technology.
Results and discussion. Loading and transporting bales are highly energy-intensive operations in cattle feed production. In addition, various loaders are used to load hay rolls. To reduce the amount of equipment used, reduce the labor intensity of loading hay rolls onto a vehicle platform, and reduce soil compaction of fields by running systems of machines, technical means are being developed with automatic loading of rolls onto the platform (combined technical means). The features of self-loading machines, such as PR-18, TP-10-1, TPR-11, which are also intended for transporting rolls to the place of unloading, are taken into account. The design features of the PTRS-1 and PTRS-2 hay roll loaders-transporters are also considered. These technical means do not require additional machines or mechanisms for loading them in rolls. In this case, rolls of hay are stacked in PTRS-1 in one tier, in PTRS-2 - in two tiers. As a result of the analysis of scientific works on the use of machines when loading rolls of straw hay materials onto technical means, transporting them to places of their storage and unloading, the following groups of factors were identified that influence the results of using automated vehicles for loading and transporting straw hay materials in rolls: technological, design and operational economic.
Conclusions. Based on an analysis of the design, technological and operational features of technical means that carry out self-loading of rolls of straw hay materials and their transportation to storage sites, technological, design, operational and economic groups of factors influencing the use of automated vehicles for loading and transporting straw hay materials in rolls have been identified. Technological factors include: indicators of the quality of work performed, the average weight of one roll of hay-straw materials, and the provision of farm loaders and transporters. Design factors include: nominal load capacity, geometric parameters of hay rolls, capacity of the loader-transporter, method of unloading the rolls, traction class of the tractor used as part of the MTA, maximum speed of movement of the MTA, level of mechanization and automation of the mechanisms for loading rolls of hay-straw materials into the loader-transporter and their unloading. The operational and economic factors include: the level of reliability, efficiency and productivity of the loader-transporter of rolls of hay and straw materials.

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