Cereal crops ears of early ripening stages as a source of increasing the nutritive value of fish feeds

The article presents the results of research on the nutritive value of feed prepared from ears of grain crops of early ripeness stages. The results of the studies showed that the mid-wax ripeness stage is the best time for harvesting grain crops by ears for preparation of feed from their ears. Ears harvested without threshing are a means of increasing the nutritive value of fish feed due to the higher content of digestible protein.

Introduction. Interest in growing non-traditional grain ear crops and studying the possibility of their use during their harvesting in the early stages of ripeness as a raw material for the preparation of feed for omnivorous fish has recently increased.

The aim of the study was to determine the nutritive value of feed prepared from ears of cereal crops harvested in early ripeness stages and their suitability as raw material for the production of fish feed.

Materials and methods. Soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Indian dwarf winter wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum Percival) and Trititrigia (×Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvel) grown in 2022-2023 in the South of Rostov region of Russia were the objects of the study. Harvesting was carried out by combing without threshing the ears and separating the grain heap at different dates corresponding to different stages of maturity. Pelleted feed was made from grain heap of different harvesting dates. Chemical analysis of feed samples was performed according to standard methods.

Results and discussion. The mid-wax ripeness stage is the best harvesting time for ears of cereal crops, including Soft wheat, for preparation of feed from their ears, since in this stage they contain the maximum amount of protein, including essential amino acids, and the minimum amount of cellulose. Ears of Soft wheat at the mid-wax ripeness phase contain 14.86 % protein and 5.03% essential amino acids, of Indian dwarf wheat, respectively, 14.23 and 7.26 %, of Trititrigia – 18.21 and 7.46%. Indian dwarf wheat and Trititrigia have better quality of feed produced from their ears than winter soft wheat. The feed prepared from them has a higher protein and essential amino acid content and a better amino acid profile. This makes it possible to use these cereals in fish feed production to increase protein content. The disadvantage of these crops is a 10-12% higher cellulose content than that of soft wheat. Conclusions. Ears harvested without threshing in the mid-wax ripeness stage are a means of increasing the nutritive value of fish feed, including carp, because of the higher digestible protein content.

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