The results of experimental studies of the planter of the seed drill for sowing soybean seeds with a hydrosorbent in irrigation
https://doi.org/10.32786/2071-9485-2024-01-33
Abstract
Introduction. Soy is one of the few agricultural crops that provide the diet of humans and animals with the necessary amount of vegetable protein. Studies of scientists and specialists have established that soy, with a yield of up to 250 c / ha, is capable of harvesting from an area of 100 ha and providing vegetable protein for a whole year to the population of a small town (up to 10 thousand people), according to the standards recommended by the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The protein content in soy reaches 35..38%, which corresponds to the best indicators compared to all legumes. However, large amounts of water are needed to grow soybeans, since this crop is very warm and moisture-loving. So in order to obtain one ton of soybeans of the Volgogradka-2 variety, it is necessary to supply at least 650 m ^ 3 of water during irrigation by sprinkling. In recent years, due to a significant increase in temperature and the globally recognized climate change towards an increase in positive temperatures, drought phenomena are increasingly manifested. Therefore, saving water becomes an urgent problem of humanity. We propose to use sorbents capable of accumulating excess moisture when growing soybeans, with its increased content, and then, as it decreases in the soil, transfer it to the roots of the plant. As such a sorbent, "Avaxin" was used, with a water retention capacity of 1:138 on distilled water of 1:118 – when using irrigation water from open reservoirs. Since the use of sorbents is quite expensive, the design of a seeder with a coulter capable of feeding hydrogel and fertilizers locally is proposed; i.e., into the row zone.
Object. The technological process of the seeder's coulter operation when sowing soybean seeds with the supply of enriched hydrogel was considered as an object of research.
Materials and methods. The research used: laboratory equipment equipped with modern devices for recording the technological parameters of the coulter; the sowing section of the seeder, with a modernized coulter; Methodological developments for conducting and performing research; processing of the results was carried out on the basis of adapted theoretical recommendations.
Results and conclusions. To reduce the cost of irrigation by sprinkling when growing soybeans, it is necessary to use a hydrosorbent that can accumulate moisture in excess and transfer it through the roots to plants, while reducing the content in the soil. Due to the high costs of obtaining a hydrosorbent (from 400 to 800 rubles per 1 kg), it is necessary to introduce it locally, directly into the rare zone, for which a seed drill for sowing soybean seeds with simultaneous introduction of hydrogel below the bottom of the seed furrow by 7 cm has been developed. Laboratory and production experiments were carried out to determine the design and kinematic parameters of the converted coulter. As a result, it was found that in order to comply with agrotechnological parameters when sowing soybean seeds, it is necessary that the speed of the unit does not exceed 2.5 m/ s (9.0 km / h), and to reduce the vibrations of the coulter, it is recommended to install bushings in the hinges of the coulter attachment links to reduce the gaps and vibrations of the coulter in depth.
About the Author
A. N. TseplyaevRussian Federation
Tseplyaev Alexey Nikolaevich, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher
Russian Federation, 400002, Volgograd, ul. Timiryazeva, 9
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Review
For citations:
Tseplyaev A.N. The results of experimental studies of the planter of the seed drill for sowing soybean seeds with a hydrosorbent in irrigation. Title in english. 2024;(1 (73)):289-298. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32786/2071-9485-2024-01-33