Improvement of the drip-injection system for watering vegetable crops

Summary. The proposed article presents research on the drip-injection irrigation system for vegetable crops, for managing the water regime of the soil, with the function of fine sprinkling of cultivated crops. The water consumption in the proposed irrigation system is 0.6-1.0 liters/hour, which is an order of magnitude less than with drip irrigation.

Introduction. Research on the development of combined irrigation systems for perennial and agricultural crops by VNIIGiM scientists has been conducted since 1976. Previously developed combined irrigation systems, such as drip irrigation, combined with aerosol humidification, intra-soil irrigation in combination with fine sprinkling have proven themselves on the positive side, especially in critical dry years. The use of low-volume combined irrigation systems for the cultivation of row crops has been reduced to a minimum dependence of yield on climatic risks.

Object. The development of the irrigation system was based on the improvement of the drip-injection irrigation system. Based on the analysis of long-term meteorological data, a combined irrigation system is proposed, which includes structural elements for the functional capabilities of regulating the hydrothermal regime of the irrigated area.

Materials and methods. In our research on the regulation of the hydrothermal regime in agrophytocenoses, we used materials from regional weather stations. Observations were conducted daily. The time of the beginning and completion of fine sprinkling (MDD) was determined by the method of the time interval between subsequent humidifications.

Results and conclusions. The development of combined irrigation methods is being held back due to the many unresolved issues related to irrigation processes. A significant disadvantage of the existing low-volume local irrigation systems, in relation to the problem being solved, is that without the function of humidifying the air, leaf surface and lowering the temperature in the plant environment, during vegetative watering in hot and dry years, there is no possibility of regulating the hydrothermal regime, and in general to influence the physiological processes of plant development. An increase in the required humidity and air temperature, with injection - drip irrigation, is possible only with precipitation, i.e. for a short period of time, which depends only on weather conditions. In areas of risky agriculture, where frequent droughts and dry spells prevail, the cultivation of crops under irrigation by low-volume methods without MDD often leads to significant risk, and leads to partial or complete loss of yield.

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