Analysis of the effect of different doses of Biagum fertilizer on the morphological parameters of annual apple seedlings

The article discusses the morphological parameters of annual apple seedlings in the technology of growing them using biologically active fertilizer "Biagum", prepared on the basis of bird droppings. The results of the study show that the rational dose of fertilizer application during planting is 2 t/ha, but during the correlation analysis it was found that the growth rates of seedlings significantly depend on the apple variety, the studied varieties differ significantly in terms of growth rates depending on the doses of fertilizer application.

Introduction. One of the conditions for effectiveness when planting orchards is the use of high-quality planting material, and an important mechanism for influencing their growth is the application of both organic and mineral fertilizers. The desire to get a faster response from seedlings and ignorance of the consequences of excessive application of fertilizer leads to an unreasonable increase in application rates. In addition to economic inexpediency, there is also an environmental side of the problem; uncontrolled application of fertilizers can disrupt the mineral balance of the soil and negatively affect the productivity of the ecosystem. The way to increase growth and obtain environmentally friendly products is the rational use of fertilizers, with strict adherence to doses, timing and methods of application.

Materials and methods. When conducting research, a systematic approach was used to study the influence of soil conditions on the development of apple tree seedlings using generally accepted methods of conducting experiments: the morphology of fruit and berry plants and methods for studying it, accounting for plant development, guidelines for diagnosing the mineral nutrition of apple trees and other horticultural crops. According to the program and methodology, when planting experimental plots with annual apple tree seedlings, an analysis of the initial state of nutrients and morphological parameters of the plant was carried out. Recording and recording of indicators of growth and increase in the diameter of the root collar was carried out once every 14 days, with the results being recorded in an observation log.

Object of study: annual apple tree seedlings of three varieties on a pome rootstock on sod-podzolic loamy cultivated soil with various doses of organic fertilizer Biagum.

Purpose of the study: to establish the dependence of the influence of different doses of biologically active organic fertilizer Biagum on the morphological parameters of annual fruit seedlings.

Results. Research has shown that the survival rate of annual apple tree seedlings at all doses was 100%; during a phytosanitary analysis, it was established that the planting material is not susceptible to disease and can be used in further research. It has been established that the greatest increase in the height of seedlings in all apple tree varieties is observed at a fertilizer dose of 2 t/ha; the yield of first grade seedlings according to GOST – R 59653-2021 increased by 25% compared to the control.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in: identifying patterns of seedling development depending on the doses of fertilizer applied. Conclusions. It has been established that the use of organic fertilizer Biagum has the greatest effect on annual apple tree seedlings of the “Autumn Striped” variety at a fertilizer dose of 2 t/ha. For the Antonovka variety, the greatest increase was obtained in the indicator “rootstock diameter” at 1 t/ha. application of fertilizers. The Biagum fertilizer has the least effect on seedlings of the “Ladoga” variety; the growth is lower than that of the control variant, and the “Autumn Striped” variety has the greatest effect.

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