Studying the effectiveness of innovative brands of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of chickpeakes on light chestnut soils in the Volgograd region

Introduction. Possessing high drought and heat tolerance, chickpeas provide more stable yields compared to other leguminous crops. Stable high market conditions for its grain make this crop economically attractive for many farms in the Lower Volga region. However, the relatively low yield of chickpeas forces scientists to search for effective methods to increase the productivity of this crop. The emergence of new brands of mineral fertilizers on the market contributes to the study of this urgent problem.

Purpose of research. Evaluation of the effectiveness of pre-sowing application of various forms of complex fertilizers on the yield of chickpeas on light chestnut soils. Object. The object of the study was the chickpea variety Volzhanin.

Materials and methods. In accordance with the stated goal and objectives of the study, a scheme of field experiment for applying mineral fertilizers to chickpeas was developed, including the following options: 1). APAVIVA NP 12:52; 2). APAVIVA NP(S) 20:20(14); 3). APAVIVA NPK(S) 15:15:15(10); 4). APAVIVA NPK(S) 8:19:29(3); 5). APAVIVA NPK(S) 10:20:20(6); 6). APAVIVA NPK(S) 8:24:24(3). Place of the experiment: Volgograd region, Gorny settlement, crop rotation plot in the Innovation Village National Democratic Institution of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. Agrochemical characteristics: the soil of the experimental plot is light chestnut, heavy loamy, humus 1.7%, pH level 7.5. Content of ammonium nitrogen (NH4) – 5.5 mg/kg, nitrate nitrogen (NO3) – 12.5 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus (P2O5) – 40.8 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium (K2O) – 338 mg/kg soil. Conducting a small-plot field experiment (plot size – 20 m2, option - 80 m2). Total experience area: 480 m2. Repetition – 4 times. The previous crop was spring barley, after harvesting which deep moldboard plowing at 0.25-0.27 m with a PN – 4 – 35 plow was used as the main soil treatment.

Results and conclusions. During research on the application of mineral fertilizers, it was found that the height of plants according to the experimental options ranged from 29.7 to 31.7 cm on the options NP(S) 20:20(14), NPK(S) 10:20:20(6 ), NPK(S) 15:15:15(10), plants were taller than on the variants NP 12:52, NPK(S) 8:24:24(3) and NPK(S) 8:19:29( 3) by 1-2 cm, respectively. The number of formed beans in the NPK(S) 8:24:24(3) variant was maximum – 28 pieces. on variants NPK(S) 10:20:20(6), NPK(S) 15:15:15(10) the number of beans decreased to 27 and the smallest number was formed on variants NP(S) 20:20(14), NPK (S) 8:19:29(3), NP 12:52 – 26, 25 and 24 pieces, respectively. The number of grains per plant for all experimental variants did not differ significantly from 29 to 31 pieces. but the grain weight was different, which in turn affected the yield. The maximum yield was recorded in the NPK(S) 8:19:29(3) option – 2.47 t/ha. On the NPK(S) 15:15:15(10) and NP 12:52 options, the yield decreased to 2.32 and 2.24 t/ha. The lowest rates of less than 2 t/ha were observed in the variants NPK(S) 8:24:24(3), NP(S) 20:20(14), NPK(S) 10:20:20(6) – 1.97, 1.93 and 1.87 t/ha, respectively. Pre-sowing application of NP 12:52, NPK(S) 15:15:15(10), NPK(S) 8:19:29(3) at a dose of 150 kg/ha helps to obtain a yield of 2.24 to 2.47 tons /ha with production profitability from 197 to 242%.

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