Глобальная стратегия планирования восстановления деградированных и опустыненных экосистем

Целью исследований являлось раскрытие текущего мирового прогресса и знаковых результатов в области предотвращения негативных последствий опустынивания и деградации. В задачи исследований входило: получение материалов из данных общего доступа различных поисковых систем и их классификация, описание результатов и обобщение основных успехов и знаковых достижений.

Материалы и методы. Для поиска и синтеза информации был использован полисистемный методологический подход. Исследование основано на структурированном обзоре современных мировых научных исследований, из которых можно выделить знания о текущем развитии мировых тенденций в области движущих факторов опустынивания и деградации, а также способов и методов их предотвращения.

Результаты и выводы. Выделено четыре основных исследовательских направления: 1) основные движущие силы опустынивания и деградации; 2) дистанционное зондирование Земли из космоса и цифровизация мониторинга опустынивания; 3) роль биотехнологий в ликвидации и предотвращении процессов деградации и опустынивания; 4) глобальные, региональные и национальные программы в сфере решения климатических проблем, восстановления и сохранения биоразнообразия. Рассмотрен движущий механизм опустынивания под комплексным влиянием экстремально сухого климата и интенсивной деятельности человека на основе анализа современных данных. Большое внимание уделялось регионам, где отмечается быстрый рост населения, которое в качестве источника средств к существованию полагается в основном на природные ресурсы. Представлена мировая стратегия планирования восстановления деградированных и опустыненных земель в аридных, субаридных и сухих субгумидных регионах. Показан современный характер и механизм управления рисками опустынивания для повышения стабильности нарушенных экосистем.

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