The technology of thermal compensation irrigation during the laying and operation of strawberry plantations on the Lower Volga

Summary. The technology of thermal compensation irrigation has been developed, which provides accelerated heat removal from the soil surface during periods of realization of the climatic risk of soil overheating and prevents the formation of mass precipitation in plantings due to plant death.

Abstract Introduction. The relevance of research is determined by modern requirements and trends in the development of hydro-reclamation systems and technologies, including in the field of integrated regulation of life factors, plant protection from meteorological extremes, ensuring the achievement of goals for sustainable and highly productive agricultural production. The present study is carried out within the framework of systematic work on endowing modern hydro-reclamation systems with the functions of comprehensive plant protection from climatic risks and is devoted to the development of technology capable of effectively compensating for temperature soil extremes to prevent mass death of strawberry plants during the laying and operation of plantations.

Object. Strawberry planting during the period of planting and operation of plantations, considered as an object of realization of the climatic risk of mass plant death due to overheating of the upper root-bearing soil layer.

Materials and methods. The aim of the study is to develop a technology for thermal compensation irrigation during the laying and operation of strawberry plantations, which protect plants from the risk of death due to overheating of the soil in the hot, sharply continental climate of the Lower Volga region. The working hypothesis of the research was the assumption about the possibility of using irrigation for accelerated heat removal from the soil surface during periods of climate risk. The key parameter of the technology is the frequency of watering. In methodological terms, the basis of the study is a field experiment. The main evaluation criteria were: the value of the compensated soil temperature in the 0.05-0.10 m layer, plant safety and biometric indicators, including strawberry yield.

Results and conclusions. The effectiveness of thermocompensation irrigation technology in the laying and operation of strawberry plantations in the sharply continental climate of the Lower Volga region has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. Studies have obtained convincing data confirming the possibility of reducing the temperature of the upper root-bearing soil layer by conducting thermal compensation irrigation by 3.4-10.6 0C and maintaining it no higher than 26.0-31.0 0C when the risk is realized. The parameters of thermocompensation irrigation technology for the region under consideration are experimentally substantiated. The greatest effect on compensation of soil temperature from overheating is provided when conducting thermal compensation watering immediately after drying of the soil surface or with a waiting period of 0.5 hours. This allows for a 6.2-9.9% reduction in the proportion of strawberry plant fallout in the year of plantation laying, a 12.0% reduction in total plant losses due to soil overheating and freezing during the first overwintering, and a significant increase in the coefficient of plant alignment in plantings from 75.1 to 92.9%. The highest yield of strawberries, 24.4 t/ha, was provided in areas where thermal compensation watering was carried out with a waiting period of 0.5 hours.

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