Evaluation of new tomato varieties of astrakhan breeders for suitability for mechanized harvesting

Introduction. Tomato is the main vegetable crop in Russia, but when cultivating it, the most labor-intensive process is harvesting (up to 70% of total costs), so the need to replace manual fruit harvesting with mechanized harvesting is obvious, which requires specialized varieties. VNIIOOB has been studying breeding material for a long time in accordance with the requirements of mechanized harvesting, on the basis of which varieties have been created.

The purpose of this work is to study the created new tomato varieties for suitability for mechanized harvesting. The task is to study groups of tomato varieties bred by VNIIOOB and select them in accordance with the requirements of mechanized harvesting.

Novelty – for the first time, new varieties bred by the institute have been assessed for their suitability for mechanized harvesting. The relevance of the work carried out is that the cultivation of selected varieties with mechanized harvesting will reduce labor costs by up to 70%.

Object. Tomato varieties of two types: I₈ – Bulldog, Avdeevsky, Astrakhansky, Khors; and I₂ – Torpedo, Malinovka, Orange Avuri. The work was carried out using appropriate methods. The suitability of varieties for mechanized harvesting was studied based on the yield yield and the physical and mechanical properties of the fruit.

Research results. According to the studies, the most suitable in terms of fruit ripening friendliness (variety I₈) was the Astrakhan variety – 75.9% of mature fruits. In variety type I₂ (Torpeda, Malinovka and Orange Avyuri), the ripening friendliness varied from 81.7 to 89.6%, which is higher than the varieties variety type I8 by 1.2 times. The highest ratio of fruits to tops weight was observed in the varieties Torpeda and Orange Avyuri – within 9.2 – 12.6. Fruit separation is better in the Orange Avyuri and Torpeda varieties – 1.28 – 1.42 kg. The most durable skin was characteristic of fruits of variety type I₂, which amounted to 238.0 – 290.0 g/mm², and their resistance to crushing was 4.9 – 6.2 kg; in varieties of type I₈, the crushing force was 1.1 – 1.3 times less.

Conclusions. Thus, all the studied varieties of variety type I₂ are suitable for mechanized harvesting, and of the studied varieties of variety type I₈, the varieties Astrakhansky and Bulldog are the most suitable.

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