Assessment of the impact of drought and high temperatures on the passage of the main vegetation phases and productivity indicators of oats when applying organic fertilizer based on animal waste

Introduction. In contemporary agricultural conditions, achieving consistently high yields of grain crops poses challenges attributable not only to the organizational and economic circumstances of specific farms but also, primarily, to shifts in weather patterns toward increased aridity. The Ryazan region, situated within a zone characterized by sufficient yet unstable moisture, has witnessed a decade marked by annual occurrences of atmospheric and soil droughts, coupled with hot winds. These climatic conditions have resulted in the impediment of plant growth and development. This article, founded on a two-year research endeavor, evaluates the impact of drought and elevated temperatures on the progression of key phases throughout the growing season and the productivity metrics of oats – an overarching objective of this research.

Object. The object of research are oats.

Materials and methods. Triennially, in the autumn season, organic fertilizer derived from animal waste (patent No. 2784389 C1 from 2022) was applied to enhance the fertility of leached chernozem at LAG AGRO-Service LLC in the Zakharovsky district of the Ryazan region. The research employed widely accepted methods and technologies for cultivating oats. A newly developed oat variety, Bulany, tailored for the region's climate zone, was utilized. Hydrothermal coefficients, as per Selyaninov, did not exceed one in both years, indicating drought conditions.

Results and conclusions. The research elucidates the impact of dry periods during the year on the growth and development of oats. The year 2022, characterized by a delay in the phenological phases of oat plant development by 3 days, proved to be more unfavorable. In comparison to 2021, the weight of 1000 grains decreased by 11%, and the number of grains in a panicle decreased by 3.6%. Consequently, the crop yield experienced a reduction of 9.7% in 2022. The quality of grains, as indicated by the protein content, was also lower in 2022 by 0.3%.

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