Bioenergetic assessment of cultivation of grain crops on placor landscapes

The article presents the results of a comparative bioenergetic assessment of grain crops in the mountainous landscapes of the Chechen Republic.
Introduction. Increasing soil fertility is possible only through improving the system of agriculture and crop rotations, which should be based on agroecological principles, providing simultaneously with ensuring high productivity, reproduction of soil fertility, obtaining environmentally friendly products and preserving the environment. Therefore, the development and implementation of optimal crop rotations and basic tillage techniques based on modern working bodies is relevant today.

Objects of research. Crops of winter and spring wheat, spring barley, chickpeas.

Materials and methods. Research on the study of bioenergetic assessment of grain cultivation in four crop rotations and two plots with permanent crops of winter wheat and spring barley was carried out for five years from 2017 to 2021 in the steppe zone on a mountainous landscape in LLC Agrovin-Sultan of the Shelkovsky district of the Chechen Republic.

Results and conclusions. The highest yield of winter wheat of 3.89 t/ha was established in a two-field crop rotation, that is, by 2.20 t/ha, or 130% more in comparison with permanent sowing. The highest yield of spring barley in the experiment on a flat landscape of 3.38 t/ha was established in a five-field crop rotation, which turned out to be 1.47 t/ha, or 77% more compared to permanent sowing. The highest yield of spring wheat was formed in the five-field crop rotation and amounted to 3.18 t/ha. When cultivating winter wheat in a two-field crop rotation, the energy efficiency coefficient was the highest and amounted to 4.20 units. The coefficient of energy efficiency in the cultivation of spring barley in permanent crops was 2.13 units. When cultivating spring barley in a five-field crop rotation, the energy efficiency coefficient was the highest and amounted to 3.77 units. When cultivating spring wheat in the four–field crop rotation "black steam – winter wheat - spring wheat - spring barley", the energy efficiency coefficient was 3.52 units. When cultivating spring wheat in the five–field crop rotation "black steam – winter wheat – spring wheat – chickpeas – spring barley", the energy efficiency coefficient increased to 3.59 units. When cultivating chickpeas on a flat landscape in a five-field crop rotation "black steam – winter wheat – spring wheat – chickpeas – spring barley", the energy efficiency coefficient was 3.47 units.

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