Development of a probabilistic mathematical model of the soybean seed separation process in a gravity column

The article presents research on the development of a probabilistic mathematical model of the soybean seed separation process in a gravity column. As a result, a mathematical model was obtained describing the separation process on concave curved surfaces (combs), taking into account the geometric characteristics of the combs and columns and the effect of the vibration coefficient of the comb bars on the effectiveness of the process. Empirically, from the self-cleaning condition of the combs, it was found that with the separation coefficient, as well as the vertical and horizontal coefficients of the bending moment function when the rods vibrate, a fairly high statistical correlation is achieved between the developed mathematical model and experimental values.

Introduction. One of the important problems in the agro-industrial complex of agriculture is still the post-harvest processing of grain and the preparation of high-quality seeds. Grain cleaning machines with a sieve mill do not provide the proper quality of seed cleaning in one pass since, during operation, the holes of the sieves are clogged, which leads to a decrease in the quality of cleaning. Soybean seeds are easily injured during cleaning on a grain cleaning machine with a rolling mill, as a result of which the seeds split into cotyledons and damage the embryo (embryo). As a result, the development of a grain cleaning machine free of the above disadvantages is required. Such a device can be a gravity column in which soybean seeds are not injured and there is no clogging of the sieves.

Object. The object of the study is to determine the regularities of the process of interaction of soybean seeds and impurities with the working surfaces of the gravity separation machine.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. A mathematical model has been developed in which the influence of the geometric dimensions of the gravity column is empirically taken into account.

Results and conclusions. A mock-up sample of a gravity column was developed, where the separation coefficient µ = 3.6 m^-1, as well as the vertical and horizontal coefficients of the bending moment function during the vibration of the rods, equal to a = -30 Pa^-1m^-1, b = -31.9 Pa^-1m^-1, were determined empirically from the condition of self-cleaning of the combs, a = -0.58 Pa^-1m^-1, b = -1.47 Pa^-1m^-1. A fairly good statistical correlation is achieved between the developed mathematical model and experimental values with a coefficient of determination equal to 0.996 and 0.998, respectively.

1. Shabalkina N. A., Surovtseva E. S. Modern trends in soybean production in the world and Russia. Economics, labor, management in agriculture. 2022. № 12 (94). Pp. 195-201.

2. Izmailov A. Yu., Shogenov Yu. Kh. Intensive machine technologies and new generation equipment for the production of the main groups of agricultural products. Machinery and equipment for the village. 2017. No. 7. Pp. 2-6.

3. Lachuga Yu. F., Izmailov A. Yu., Lobachevsky Ya. P., Shogenov Yu. Kh. Results of scientific research of agroengineering scientific organizations on the development of digital systems in agriculture (graduation). Machinery and equipment for the village. 2022. N 4 (298). Pp. 2-6.

4. Lekanov S. V., Strikunov N. I., Kunitsyn R. A. Improving the technology of cleaning seeds of grain and industrial crops. Bulletin of the Altai State Agrarian University. 2021. No. 7 (201). Pp. 110-116.

5. Krzysiak Z., Samociuk W., Skic A., Bartnik G., Zarajczyk J., Szmigielski M., Dziki D., Wierzbicki S., Krzywonos L. Effect of sieve drum inclination angle on wheat grain cleaning in a novel rotary clea. Transactions of the ASABE (American Society of Agri-cultural and Biological Engineers). 2020. No. 60 (5). Pp. 1751-1758.

6. Giyevskiy A. M., Orobinsky V. I., Tarasenko A. P., Chernyshov A. V., Kurilov D. O. Substantiation of basic scheme of grain cleaning machine for preparation of agricultural crops seeds. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017. No. 327 (4). 042035.

7. Malyukov S. V., Knyazev A. V., Aksenov A. A., Borodin N. A., Solntsev A. V. Design review of machines for de-spraying, cleaning and sorting of seeds. Voronezh Scientific and Technical Bulletin. 2019. Vol. 2. No. 2 (28). Pp. 61-72.

8. Khamuev V. G., Moskovsky M. N., Lepeshkin K. V., Gromov K. V. Trends in the development of technical means for cleaning and sorting seeds of agricultural crops. Engineering Bulletin of the Don. 2018. No. 4 (51). Pp. 110.

9. Mazitov N. K., Shogenov Yu. K., Tsench Yu. S. Agricultural machinery: solutions and prospects. Bulletin of RESH. 2018. N 3 (32). Pp. 94-100.

10. Zagoruiko M. G., Starostin I. A., Kotsar Yu. A. Automated process control system of a grain cleaning machine. Agrarian Scientific journal. 2020. No. 6. Pp. 93-98.

11. Kabashov V. Yu., Tuktarov M. F., Baynazarov V. G. Experimental study of a grain cleaning machine with a longitudinal-transverse oscillation sieve mill. Bulletin of the Bashkir State Agrarian University. 2019. No. 2 (50). Pp. 115-120.

12. Khamuev V. G., Gerasimenko S. A. Substantiation of the design and layout scheme of the gravity-pneumatic soybean seed cleaner. Agricultural machines and technologies. 2022. Vol. 16. No. 3. Pp. 27-32.

13. Shatsky V. P., Orobinsky V. I., Popov A. E. Modeling of grain flow motion in a gravity separator Bulletin of the Voronezh State Agrarian University. 2015. No. 4 (47). Pp. 72-79.

14. Spirina N. G., Popov A. E., Shatsky V. P. On the shape of gravity separator sieves. Modern trends in the development of science and technology. 2016. No. 1-4. Pp. 125-128.