Reduction of traction resistance of chisel guns.

The article presents the results of modeling and experimental studies of the working bodies of chisel tools with improved geometric characteristics. The results of experimental studies have shown that the use of working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface can reduce the total traction resistance of the tractor by 6-9%. It is noted that the effectiveness of the use of experimental working bodies decreases with an increase in the speed of movement of the unit.

Introduction. Innovative crop production technologies, which are the main source of human food, have a significant energy intensity, which has an increasing tendency. These technologies account for up to 85% of all energy costs of agricultural production, half of which falls on tillage operations. The scale of fuel consumption for tillage operations is such that a 1% reduction in energy costs saves up to 1.5 million tons of fuels and lubricants. Therefore, the issue of finding ways to reduce energy costs during tillage operations remains relevant today. Currently, various methods have been proposed to reduce the resistance of working bodies of tillage implements: the use of working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of working surfaces; the use of vibrational and vibrational modes of operation of working sections; the use of antifriction coatings on working surfaces; optimization of operational parameters of the entire machine and tractor unit. The basis of all these measures applied in practice are the foundations for the study of the physic-mechanical and dynamic characteristics and conditions of the processed material; the nature of the mechanical impact on the soil layer by various types of deformers; mathematical models describing the state of the operational parameters of machine-tractor units with different nature of their loading.

Object. The object of the study is the technological process of chisel tillage, technological operations of destruction and displacement of the soil layer, the stress-strain state of the formation under the action of chisel working bodies with different geometric characteristics of the working surface.

Materials and methods. Theoretical research methods are based on the analysis and modeling of the physical features of the destruction and movement of the soil layer on the surface of the working body. Experimental studies were carried out on real objects of tillage implements equipped with working bodies with different geometric characteristics of the working surface using standard techniques.

Results and conclusions. Based on modeling the process of moving a soil particle over the surface of the working body, a parabolic equation is obtained that can be used to justify the surface of the working body, which provides variable deformation of the soil layer during its movement. A 3D model and a full-scale sample of an experimental working organ of a chisel plow with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface have been created. Analysis of the results of field studies of the energy intensity of the technological process of chiseling the soil, that the use of working bodies with improved geometric characteristics of the working surface can reduce the total traction resistance of the tractor by 6-9%. It is noted that the effectiveness of the use of experimental working bodies decreases with an increase in the speed of movement of the unit.

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